乡村旅游可持续发展的内涵与路径探析

<正>随着乡村振兴的深入推进,乡村旅游得以快速发展,同时乡村旅游发展过程中的可持续性问题逐渐受到关注。文章首先系统地阐述了乡村旅游的概念、乡村旅游可持续发展的内涵与关键要素,然后基于环境承载力定义及指标体系总结了乡村旅游可持续发展的评价体系和乡村旅游可持续评估指标,最后提出了乡村旅游可持续发展策略,包括乡村资源的开发与保护、社区参与的管理模式、乡村文化保护与传承以及基础设施完善和服务提升。     

乡村旅游投资主体关系研究

本文选择了国内经济发达地区和欠发达地区的一组乡村旅游开发案例进行对比研究,分析了国内乡村旅游开发中的投资主体关系.参与乡村旅游投资的主体包括政府、外来投资商、乡村集体组织和乡村居民个体.由于对乡村旅游开发要素的所有权不同,国内不同区域之间的市场化水准不同,投资回报不同,因而乡村旅游投资主体参与乡村旅游投资的方式也有所不同.但不管是发达还是欠发达地区,由于旅游资源的国有,土地资源的公有,在乡村旅游投资中,政府发挥着主导的作用;乡村地区资金的稀缺性,使得外来投资商可以获取乡村旅游投资的主要收益;而乡村地价较低,使得乡村居民的投资往往被边缘化.     

“互联网+全域旅游”背景下乡村旅游发展研究

乡村旅游正在逐步成为人们心目中旅游的一个重要方式。乡村旅游目的地的打造要针对旅游者向往自然和乡土亲情的多元化、个性化、情感化、体验化需求,开发独具乡村特色的旅游产品。在全域旅游背景下充分利用互联网技术和资源来开发地区乡村旅游的资源,保护乡村旅游生态资源,走品牌化,差异化,多元化的发展道路,走可持续发展道路,建立"互联网+全域旅游"背景下的乡村旅游发展模型。     

基于游客心理感知评价的西安乡村旅游地开发研究

基于对西安市民的问卷调查,本文从游客心理感知评价角度入手,分析游客对乡村旅游吸引物和乡村旅游地服务质量的评价,得出乡村旅游地开发的优选方案.样本抽样采用随机抽样中不放回抽样方法;问卷调查方法采用消费前问卷(pre-test)与消费后问卷(post-test)的方法;问卷设计采用了田野调查(field investigation)方法和景观评价中的心理物理学方法.研究发现:(1)游客对乡村旅游吸引物喜好评价有明显的"回归自然"情结;(2)游客对乡村旅游地硬件设施服务能力评价较低.最后,总结得出如下优化途径:(1)近期产品开发优化途径主要从生态环境因子的营建与保护和现有产品吸引力提升两方面入手.(2)近期旅游地服务能力的提升途径主要从村级管理部门协作管理能力与硬件设施系统整治与修缮两方面入手.     

可持续发展视角下的乡村休闲旅游资源开发策略

随着旅游业的发展,乡村旅游业逐步被开发起来,受到人们的喜爱。乡村旅游有着独特的自然景观、人文景观,让旅游者感受到乡村的慢节奏以及乡村生活的静谧。乡村休闲旅游对于开发乡村经济有着积极的意义,带动乡村发展,但由于缺乏科学规划,旅游开发给乡村带来一定破坏。因此,本文站在可持续发展的角度上,分析如何进行乡村休闲旅游资源的开发。     

对乡村旅游地农民进行产业教育很有必要

乡村旅游若想蓬勃发展,关键在"人才"."买玉"者踊跃(乡村旅游市场已经形成),"璞玉"(乡野大地及农耕文化遗产)也具备,缺少的是"识玉"、"琢玉"、"售玉"之人.人才奇缺是乡村旅游发展的瓶颈.乡村旅游地应超前于产业发展来搞产业教育,大力进行人力资源开发,实施"人才工程".加快乡村旅游地农民从体力劳动者向知识型、智力型劳动者转变的速度,是乡村旅游深入发展的关键.     

基于概率模型的环城游憩带乡村旅游开发决策路径研究

针对乡村旅游开发中出现的"一哄而上",本研究采用AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process,,层次分析法),在EC11.5(Expert Choice11.5)的帮助下构建了环城游憩带乡村旅游开发的影响因子体系和概率计算模型,并与门槛值相结合建立了环城游憩带乡村旅游的开发决策路径,以期将客观的概率模型引入乡村旅游开发决策,从定量角度为乡村旅游的可持续发展提供建议.同时,本研究根据矩阵计算和检验结果,对影响环城游憩带乡村旅游的主要因子和指标进行了分析,初步论证了环城游憩带乡村旅游在实践上的特殊性以及在理论上的典型性.     

淮安乡村旅游开发与生态文明建设融合发展研究

2017年中央1号文件在强调大力发展乡村休闲旅游产业时指出,利用"旅游+""生态+"等模式推动乡村旅游与相关产业的深度融合。乡村旅游与生态建设密切相关,它不仅为乡村振兴计划提出了新的思路,也为我国的生态文明发展注入了新的活力,从而在发展乡村旅游产业的同时,让美丽乡村在良好的生态环境中得以保存。接下来,本文以淮安为例,对乡村旅游开发与生态文明建设的互动关系进行分析,并结合淮安丰富的自然、人文资源探究乡村旅游开发与生态文明建设融合发展问题。     

论乡村旅游资源的开发与利用

我国不同地区具备不同的地理、文化与资源特征,资源特色影响当地的旅游业发展方向。本文对乡村地区旅游资源的特征以及开发对策进行总结,以期为我国乡村旅游的未来发展提出合理化建议。     

从五种矛盾论旅游资源分类、调查与评价的国际视野和发展眼光

旅游资源的调查和分类是为了通过恰当的评价,为更好的开发提供参照。国家标准GB/T18972-2003《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》(后文简称《国标》)应该说为各地旅游资源调查分类和评价提供了很好的规范性指导。但是,我们也不能否认,由于中国旅游发展阶段本身的局限和人们对旅游资源     

The consequences of forty years of tourism growth

Leisure travel has become a major lifestyle in the United States since World War II. This paper describes the social, economic, and technological changes that have been adopted by the industry and society during three eras of travel evolution. A synoptic view of the development of travel is provided by a review of five travel industry components: transportation, attractions, facilities and services, information, and the consumer. Emphasis is placed on the consequences of the adoption of major social and technological innovations that have impacted this vibrant industry and will continue to do so in the future. The paper concludes with eight observations on the present and future status of leisure travel in the United States.     

Liberation wars and tourism development in Africa : The case of Zambia

Development of Africa's immense tourism potential is severely limited for reasons including lack of capital, distance from the large North American and European markets, the cost of travel to Africa, and Africa's poor image abroad. A key factor contributing to this image problem is political instability. Since World War II, almost all African countries have achieved independence. In several countries, this decolonization process has taken the form of long and often bloody liberation wars. This paper examines the impact of Zimbabwe's protracted liberation war on tourism development in Zambia and suggests that a detailed examination of major internal and external political events associated with the decolonization process in Zimbabwe could provide important perspectives on the obstacles to tourism development in other African countries.     

Towards a geography of tourism

This paper traces the development of geographical interest in tourism during the past half century and examines the range and scope of the geography of tourism. The available literature is reviewed and suggestions are made regarding possible research aveneus and theoretical developments. Six major areas of interest are identified: spatial aspects of supply, spatial aspects of demand, the geography of resorts, patterns of movements and flows, the impact of tourism, and models of tourist space. Through an emphasis on spatial interaction an attempt is made to provide some cohesion and synthesis for this body of knowledge which constitutes the basis of the geography of tourism.     

The rediscovery of America: Elite automobile touring

The automobile has radically changed tourist habits this century. In the first decade it was enthusiastically embraced by a small, wealthy elite. In America this elite “rediscovered” the romantic northeastern scenery painted by the Hudson Valley School of artists. This process is documented both in the general elite tourist literature of the period and in a specific case study from an elite summer colony. In the second decade “mass followed class.” Cheaper automobiles allowed the middle classes to follow the elite tourists of the first decade. The elite began to lose interest in the automobile as something exclusive to them, and turned their attention to the possibilities for touring of aviation.     

Towards Strategic Intent: Perceptions of disability service provision amongst hotel accommodation managers

The tourism sector globally has become increasingly mindful of how an ageing population is reshaping service provision forms and offerings. This being particularly true of accommodation operations where there is a now a growing recognition of the commercial value for providing market groups with exceptional service. With this in mind, this study sought to ascertain the perceptions of managers in the accommodation sector towards disability service provision with a view to identifying any current service gaps or failings. An inductive, qualitative approach was used with the data collection phase incorporating a series of one on one interviews and a focus group. The in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 managers of hotels deemed to have accessible rooms that complied with the relevant building codes and standards. A focus group comprised 22 managers of hotels located in the Sydney central business district, Australia. Study findings revealed five key themes that had not been previously discussed in the literature. They were: inclusive attitudinal approach; safety; the responsibility of people with a disability to communicate their needs to the hotel; perceptions of accessible rooms by the general public; and operational processes. Related themes that emerged from the data analysis that had previously been aligned with the literature included: legislative responsibility, policy and building codes; disability as a market segment; staff awareness/training; and language, marketing, and promotion information. Implications with respect to management of accessible rooms in the accommodation sector are outlined and further areas of research are proposed.     

The geography of tourism: An introduction

The geography of tourism is limited by a dearth of published research in geographic journals, the relatively few individuals who actively participate in the sub-discipline, and the lack of prestige the subject matter specialty has in geography. Despite these imperfections geographers make important contributions to the study of tourism because of their unique point-of-view. This characteristic perspective is seen in the context of a conceptual frame-of-reference which consists of a matrix based on two trichotomies. An analysis and interpretation of this framework and its application to the nine substantive articles included in the special issue constitute a majority of the article.     

The promise of creative/participatory mapping practices for sport and leisure research

This paper provides an introduction to the concept of creative participatory mapping of human–environment relations. It is identified that within human geography, artistic practice and urban design, biomapping and similar community mapping tools and methodologies are increasingly being embraced. However, within sports and leisure research the concept has yet to gain academic attention. Consequently, this paper provides a basis for thinking about how researchers and research participants in the fields of sport and leisure research might benefit if mapping human–environment relations was to be embraced and integrated into research design practices. Referencing recent turns to studying space and affect within sport and leisure studies, mapping is argued to offer innovative methodological opportunities for studying how people relate to and understand the urban environments in which they practice physical activity and leisure forms of embodiment. The paper concludes by arguing that, along with offering up new avenues for conceptual research, mapping human–environment relations, if readily embraced, can go a long way to fostering community engagement in: the identification of (un)safe urban routes for sport/leisure practice (e.g. running, cycling), the development and site identification of health/physical activity initiatives and the design of urban landscapes of sport/leisure.     

Organized Youth Sport and Parenting in Public and Private Spaces

This article examines the connection of organized youth sport to cultural beliefs, values and practices of contemporary parenting ideologies, specifically the idealization of intensive mothering and involved fathering. It explores how parenting ideologies are constructed by the discourses expressed by individuals in their everyday lives through their children's sport participation. Moreover, the analysis of the parental discourse illustrates how parenting goes beyond the home environment and becomes a public act that is observed by other parents, with these observations creating the basis of what is deemed to be a good parent. Emphasis is also placed on the gendered dimensions of meeting the expectations for being a good parent.     

Leisure and the rich today: Veblen's thesis after a century

This paper calls for a revisionist reading of the thesis of the leisure class. Veblen's great work The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) argued that society is ruled by a leisure class. The primary identifying characteristics of this class are prodigious wealth, voluntary abnegation from pecuniary labour and conspicuous consumption. Veblen's argument suggested the decomposition of the work ethic because the characteristics cultivated by the rich would be emulated by the lower orders. Schor's The Overworked American (1991) work suggests that overwork, not leisure is one of the primary identifying characteristics of postwar culture. The article uses statistical and biographical data on the rich today to provide a counterpoint to Veblen's thesis. It is argued that the rich are not characterized by a rejection of work. On the contrary the richest people in the world typically work longer hours than the average. For these individuals work adopts a play form which probably contrasts sharply with wider social experience. Data on the leisure of Bill Gates, Warren Buffett and Richard Branson is examined to assemble a position on leisure and the rich which contrasts with the Veblen thesis.     

Souvenirs: Icons of meaning, commercialization and commoditization

This article examines the development of souvenirs research in tourism studies. It looks at souvenirs from four broad vantage points, namely historical perspectives on souvenirs research, souvenirs as messengers of meaning, souvenirs as tradable commodities and the commodification of souvenirs and handicrafts. Part of this includes the supply and demand aspects of souvenir production and consumption, including the distribution system and various aspects of producers. The paper also considers the commodification process of native arts and crafts into consumable tourism products and suggests future directions for additional works in this understudied area of tourism research.