Accounting, Modernity and Health Care Policy

The National Health Service of the United Kingdom has been the subject of many reforms since it was established in 1948. This paper examines the process of reform in relation to significant changes to the NHS in recent decades. This reform process places ideas of the modern at the heart of these various initiatives. This paper also examines the intended or actual role of accounting in this modernisation process to examine its significance in the making of health care policy.     

金融市场的复杂性与金融风险调控：基于金融混沌理论

以金融混沌理论为代表的非线性金融理论是金融研究与金融实务领域的一个前沿工具.已有的研究表明金融市场是一个复杂的动力系统,具有显著的混沌效应.本文依据混沌控制的一般原理,提出了金融市场风险调控的原理与方法.这一研究结果将为探索金融市场与风险管理理论提供新的方向.     

International Trends in Income Inequality and Social Policy

In most OECD-countries income inequality has increased during the last two decades. In this paper, we investigate whether changes in the overall distribution of income can be attributed to social policy measures. For most (but not all) countries we find a possible relationship between changing welfare state policies (as measured by expenditure ratios and replacement rates) and changing income inequality. Especially the United Kingdom and the Netherlands combined an above-average rise in inequality with a reduction in the generosity of the welfare system.A more elaborate budget incidence analysis for the Netherlands indicates that in the period 1981–1997 inequality of disposable household income increased sharply. The two main forces behind this phenomenon were a more unequal distribution of market incomes and changes in social transfers. Fundamental social security reforms in the Netherlands indeed seem to have made the income distribution less equal. However, income inequality in the Netherlands is still below the OECD average at the end of the observed period.     

Working Across Professional Boundaries: Primary Health Care and Social Care

Effective joint working between health and local authorities, and between health, social services and housing professionals, has long been recognized as vital to the provision of 'seamless' services for the most vulnerable members of society. Unfortunately, the history of formal joint working over the past 20 years has been largely a poor one. In this article the authors outline the findings from a recent study of working alliances across the primary health care/social care boundary. They examine how obstacles are being overcome and how, in some localities, the essential ingredients of inter-professional and inter-organizational trust are leading to the improved integration of services.     

石油人民币结算、货币政策选择与社会福利

本文基于新开放宏观经济模型,比较了石油美元结算与石油人民币结算两种情形下最优货币政策选择和社会福利.研究发现:石油人民币结算降低本国出口创汇的动机,显著改变了央行的货币政策规则选择,通货膨胀的政策反应系数大于美元结算的情形,本国价格水平波动性下降,社会福利的改进幅度达到稳态消费的15％左右.因此,我国应大力推出更多以人...     

Complexity, concentration and contagion

This paper develops a network model of interbank lending in which unsecured claims, repo activity and shocks to the haircuts applied to collateral assume centre stage. We show how systemic liquidity crises of the kind associated with the interbank market collapse of 2007–2008 can arise within such a framework, with funding contagion spreading widely through the web of interlinkages. Our model illustrates how greater complexity and concentration in the financial network may amplify this fragility. The analysis suggests how a range of policy measures – including tougher liquidity regulation, macro-prudential policy, and surcharges for systemically important financial institutions – could make the financial system more resilient.     

An Employer Analysis of Managed Care Costs and Satisfaction: Process, Effects, and Policy

ABSTRACT: Do managed care health plans truly control costs more effectively than nonmanaged care plans? Recent evidence suggests that employees are getting used to the managed care idea and that managed care is responsible for the sharp slowdown in health-care costs. This article examines recent changes in the delivery, financing, and consumption of health care from the perspective of a large multiple-site American corporation to see whether its health-care costs are controlled and whether this control occurs at the expense of employee satisfaction. A unique aspect of this study is that managed care was implemented more slowly and in phases at one of the six sites analyzed. The results suggest the following. First, the Study Corporation's health-care costs have not significantly increased four years following the change from an indemnity to a managed care plan. The authors interpret this result to mean that managed care has controlled costs because before the change, plan costs were increasing 15 percent per year. Second, the site with the underdeveloped network did not have higher costs than the other sites based on the analysis. Third, the authors show that employee satisfaction increased after implementation of the managed care plan. Moreover, satisfaction was higher at sites with more employees, higher usage, and higher health-care costs. Last, the results suggest that plan participant satisfaction increases as the managed care network becomes more developed. Policy and benefit manager recommendations are made on the basis of these reported findings.     

老年照护社会救助研究综述

本文对目前国内外关于老年照护社会救助的研究进行了梳理,主要从长期照护、老年弱势群体、服务需求、服务供给、资金来源、支付方式等方面进行了综述;最后,从研究的长远性和战略性、"双困"老人社会救助、定量分析等三个方面指出了现有研究存在的不足。     

社保基金持股与公司股利政策

相比于其他机构投资者,社保基金无需缴纳红利所得税,这一制度背景为检验股利的"顾客效应"假说提供了契机。本文发现,控制其他因素之后,社保基金持股比例与公司股利之间存在正相关关系,这一关系同时反映了股利需求方(社保基金)与供给方(上市公司)的行为:一方面,上市公司根据社保基金持股制定其股利政策;另一方面,社保基金选择股票时也会考虑上市公司往年的股利分配。进一步的检验发现,国有与民营企业迎合社保基金发放股利的动机存在差异:民营企业更多受到经济动机的驱动,而国有企业分红更多体现政治动机。总体上,本文的发现验证了"顾客效应"假说,表明红利税是影响公司股利决策的重要因素,具有一定的政策启示。     

Managed Mental Health Care: Stakeholder Effects and Policy Implications

ABSTRACT: During the past several years, healthcare delivery in the United States has shifted from a primarily fee-for-service system toward managed care. Mental health care has been affected disproportionately by this trend. The existing literature on managed mental health care is abundant, but narrowly focused. The purpose of this study is to take a broader public-policy approach, considering simultaneously the effects on system stakeholders: patients, providers, employers, insurers, and society.     

构建三位一体中国老年保障体系的基本构想

中国快速人口老龄化使老年保障体系建设迫在眉睫。与主张完善以社会保险为重点的养老保障制度的主张相比,我们认为中国老年保障制度体系,不仅应当完善养老保险和老年津贴为重点的资金保障制度,而且必需宏观考虑老年服务保障制度和老年精神保障制度建设问题,使其与资金保障制度共同构成三位一体的老年保障体系。中国目前三个体系发展很快但很不平衡,需要宏观协调、整体推进。本文提出了构建三位一体老年保障体系的思路,针对目前存在的主要问题,提出了完善建议。     

荷兰老年长期照护服务的政策演进、实践逻辑及价值启示

荷兰的老年长期照护服务起源较早,相关制度体系日趋完善,然而老龄化与失能化的双重冲击持续带来新问题,为此荷兰出台了一系列法案并采取相应举措进行积极回应。基于国家福利责任理念,荷兰老年长期照护服务在经历萌芽、立法、改革等阶段的历史演进中,逐渐形成了统一规范的需求评估、充分自由的服务选择权以及多元丰富的服务内容等一系列实践逻辑,保障了高质量照护服务的可获得性和可持续性。中国与荷兰在发展过程中面临相似的问题,荷兰经验可为我国提供以下价值启示:制定和完善独立的老年长期照护法律法规;精准定位照护服务对象;扩大服务对象的自主选择权。     

海南试点社会性长期护理保险的思考

随着人口深度老龄化、少子化和不婚化三大趋势加速到来,养老问题尤其是居家养老缺乏照护等问题越来越突出,在全社会推行长期护理保险显得尤为迫切.本文分析了海南省商业性长护险发展现状以及开办社会性长护险的客观需求,并提出了推行社会性长护险的工作思路和实现路径.     

论促进经济可持续发展的税收调控机制

可持续发展战略的提出虽然有了较长一段时期,但税收在可持续发展中的功能并没有引起人们足够重视。在可持续发展战略中,税收政策应该发挥其应有的重要作用。有必要调整并完善现有税收制度政策,以调节和影响市场主体的行为,调动各经济主体的积极性,激励他们走可持续发展的道路。     

Community care in England,Scotland and Wales

How far does the writ of Whitehall and Westminster really run? An analysis of community care shows that a policy common to successive Governments has been interpreted in radically different ways in England, Scotland and Wales. Can this lack of uniformity be turned to advantage?     

英格兰银行货币政策委员会的绩效、成功经验及其启示

1997年英格兰银行货币政策委员会成立后,英国宏观经济一改往昔的差劣表现,而跃升七国集团的首位。英国既实现了低水平而稳定的通货膨胀,叉保持了稳定的高增长。英格兰银行货币政策委员会的成功经验是：委员会需要有相当的独立性、明晰的数量化价格稳定目标、货币政策管理的透明度以及弹性的货币管理策略。这些经验为我国货币政策委员会改革发展指明了方向,英国这些经验正是我国货币政策委员会的软肋之处。改革后,有效运作的货币政策委员会将为我国经济又好又快地可持续发展提供良好的货币金融环境。