A Vicarious Innovativeness Scale for 3G Mobile Services: Integrating the Domain Specific Innovativeness Scale with Psychological and Rational Indicators

The paper aims to validate a vicarious innovativeness scale for its usefulness in understanding and predicting third generation (3G) mobile services acceptance. Illustrations are based on a survey of 150 young people, and structural equation modelling techniques were used to analyse the data. In this paper: (1) the relevant literature is reviewed; (2) a theoretical framework is built, and hypotheses proposed based on consumer innovativeness theory; (3) the results of an empirical survey designed to test these hypotheses are presented; and (4) it concludes with a general discussion and proposed directions for future research. In this study, the psychometric characteristics and criterion (predictive) validity of the scale are evaluated in order to support claims that domain specific innovativeness scale integrated with psychological and cognitive items could be used to research this domain of consumer behaviour. Evidence for a unidimensional measure of vicarious innovativeness is provided.     

消费者创新性研究综述

从消费者创新性理论研究长期关注和存有争议的概念、维度、度量模型及前因和后果等方面,对消费者创新性理论的研究成果进行梳理、比较与分析,尽可能去除模糊不清的认识。     

生活方式、消费者创新性与新产品购买行为的关系

本文在文献研究的基础上归纳出描述和测量生活方式的四个主要维度:时尚意识、领导意识、价格意识和怀旧意识。基于1006位重庆消费者的问卷调查所得数据,检验生活方式、消费者创新性和新产品购买行为三者的关系,发现生活方式能显著地影响消费者创新性,而消费者创新性对新产品购买行为有显著的促进作用,消费者创新性在生活方式与新产品购买行为的关系中起完全中介作用。     

A Resource-based View of Innovativeness in Small Firms

The resource-based view is presented here as the theoretical framework for empirical research on the determinants of technological innovativeness in small firms. These determinants include the characteristics of the owner/manager (O/M) and the firm and some technological assets (resources and capabilities). Evidence based on case studies is used for the evaluation of their effect on innovativeness and their interaction. The study highlights the key role of the O/M and the importance of some of his/her characteristics. It also shows the impact of certain resources and capabilities. The O/M emerges as the orchestrator of resource accumulation and capability development in the innovative firms.     

Technological Innovativeness and Firm Performance in Slovenia and Romania

This study contributes to a better understanding of performance induced by technological innovativeness by developing and testing a model. The model clarifies the nature of the influence of technological innovativeness and its organisational and inter-organisational antecedents (organisational support for innovativeness and technological alliances) on firm growth, profitability and wealth creation. Survey data were collected from firms in two countries: Slovenia and Romania; structural equation modelling was employed to test the model and the hypothesised relationships. Support for most of the model hypotheses was found. Among the control elements in the model, country, industry technological opportunities and firm age were found to be the most influential.     

A Resource-based View of Innovativeness in Small Firms

The resource-based view is presented here as the theoretical framework for empirical research on the determinants of technological innovativeness in small firms. These determinants include the characteristics of the owner/manager (O/M) and the firm and some technological assets (resources and capabilities). Evidence based on case studies is used for the evaluation of their effect on innovativeness and their interaction. The study highlights the key role of the O/M and the importance of some of his/her characteristics. It also shows the impact of certain resources and capabilities. The O/M emerges as the orchestrator of resource accumulation and capability development in the innovative firms.     

产品创新性与创新绩效关系研究

在对已有理论基础和实证研究结果进行回顾与辨析的基础上，从企业视角出发，提出产品创新性与创新绩效间关系理论模型及相应研究命题。首先，细化两个构念维度，将产品创新性划分为市场、技术、组织和环境新颖性4个维度，将创新绩效划分为市场绩效和运营绩效两个方面，其中运营绩效包含创新速度、费用和质量。其次，对文献中已有实证研究结果进行剖析和对比，构建产品创新性与创新绩效间关系理论模型。最后，对产品创新性维度进行分解，对创新绩效进行剖析，可为理论发展和科学决策提供依据及启示。     

How does cultural intelligence influence the relationships between potential and realised absorptive capacity and innovativeness? Evidence from Poland

Cultural intelligence underpins the interaction between firms and their cultural environments as the domain of external sources that are explored and utilised for innovation through absorptive capacity. This research seeks to answer the question of if and how cultural intelligence moderates the links between innovativeness and potential and realised absorptive capacity. We test our hypotheses based on data from 215 firms operating in Poland. We demonstrate that cultural intelligence strengthens the linkage between potential absorptive capacity and innovativeness that highlights cultural intelligence as an important enabler of exploring new and diverse external knowledge sources. We discuss cultural intelligence concept in relation to strategic management and reveal its contingent role in innovativeness.     

供应商创新性提升机理：制造商—供应商社会资本作用研究

提升供应商创新性能有效促进制造商产品创新。基于社会资本理论和知识基础观,从制造商视角出发,构建制造商—供应商社会资本各维度对供应商创新性的作用机理模型。通过对216家中国装备制造企业进行问卷调查,利用结构方程模型,验证制造商—供应商社会资本、制造商使能的供应商知识整合与供应商创新性之间关系的理论逻辑。研究发现：①制造商—供应商社会资本各维度对供应商创新性均具有正向作用;②制造商使能的供应商知识整合两个维度均正向影响供应商创新性;③制造商使能的供应商知识整合在制造商—供应商社会资本各维度与供应商创新性间扮演不同中介作用。结论揭示了制造商—供应商社会资本提升供应商创新性的过程机制,对制造商开发供应商创新潜能具有一定启示。     

Theory of Competition Policy: A Confrontation of Economic,Political and Legal Principles

Thorstein Veblen was a founding father of original, or old, institutional economics. The social and evolutionary usage of things and thoughts are at the center of Veblen's approach. In his studies, he dealt with psychological, social, anthropological and economic issues. The psychological content of Veblen's writing takes instinctive and habitual issues into consideration. The proposal of this paper is to revisit the psychology of Veblen's conspicuous consumer. In such a task, this paper discusses the role of observation and cognition in habit building, and their influence on the conspicuous consumer. It also introduces a psychological explanation of the importance of the leisure class to the conspicuous consumer. In order to build the analysis, this paper takes into account elements of Albert Bandura's vicarious learning. These elements are introduced to highlight vicarious observation as a key component of Veblen's conspicuous consumer.     

代建单位项目管理核心能力测量

基于企业核心能力理论,提出了项目管理核心能力的概念。从策划能力、控制能力、组织创新能力和沟通协调能力4个维度构建代建单位项目管理核心能力的24个构成要素,并据此开发了代建单位项目管理核心能力的初始测量量表。利用基于初始测量量表所得的问卷调研数据,检验了初始测量量表的信度和效度,经过删减题项后,得到代建单位项目管理能力的最终测量量表,并验证了该测量量表的可靠性和有效性。     

绿色产品协同创新中契约形式对供应商创新性的影响——供应商绿色创新资源优先配置的中介及产品复杂性与技术新颖性的调节

激发供应商创新性对供应链协同创新意义重大。从契约治理视角，探讨供应商参与绿色产品协同创新中契约形式对供应商创新性的影响。来自制造业231个样本的实证研究表明：①过程控制型契约与供应商创新性之间存在倒U型关系，目标激励型契约正向影响供应商创新性；②供应商绿色创新资源优先配置在两种契约形式和供应商创新性间起中介作用；③上述中介作用分别被产品复杂性和技术新颖性调节，二者均正向调节目标激励型契约对供应商创新性的间接作用，技术新颖性负向调节过程控制型契约对供应商创新性的间接作用。     

员工-顾客认同、互动式替代学习与服务创新的机制研究

知识与技术的快速迭代,使得服务业企业进行服务创新的挑战更加艰巨,员工对知识与技术类操作性资源的应用能力起到关键作用。基于社会网络理论与知识基础观理论构建研究知识密集型服务业企业服务创新的微观路径,对322个服务业企业问卷调查进行实证分析。研究结果表明员工-顾客认同对员工服务创新有正向影响,并可以通过员工的互动式替代学习影响服务创新;知识治理对员工-顾客认同与互动式替代学习的关系具有显著的调节效应。     

Forecasting demand for a newly introduced product using reservation price data and Bayesian updating

Forecasting demand during the early stages of a product's life cycle is a difficult but essential task for the purposes of marketing and policymaking. This paper introduces a procedure to derive accurate forecasts for newly introduced products for which limited data are available. We begin with the assumption that the consumer reservation price is related to the timing with which the consumer adopts the product. The model is estimated using reservation price data derived through a consumer survey, and the forecast is updated with sales data as they become available using Bayes's rule. The proposed model's forecasting performance is compared with that of benchmark models (i.e., Bass model, logistic growth model, and a Bayesian model based on analogy) using 23 quarters' worth of data on South Korea's broadband Internet services market. The proposed model outperforms all benchmark models in both prelaunch and postlaunch forecasting tests, supporting the thesis that consumer reservation price can be used to forecast demand for a new product before or shortly after product launch.     

The Effects of Changing Cost Vectors on Choices and Scale Heterogeneity

Choice Experiments (CE) are widely used to estimate the values of changes in non-market goods and services. A cost attribute is typically included in a CE questionnaire to enable the estimation of monetary values for changes in the non-market attributes presented. Notwithstanding the central importance of the cost attribute, relatively little research has been undertaken on the impacts of varying cost attribute levels on value estimates, or on individual heterogeneity. In this paper, I present results from mixed logit and generalised mixed logit models that account for unobserved idiosyncratic preference and scale heterogeneity. Respondents are found to anchor their choices on the relative cost levels presented in the survey with results suggesting that people are more sensitive to relative rather than absolute cost vectors. However, the higher cost levels do not lead to significantly higher value estimates, partly because of observed preference heterogeneity towards the environmental attributes. An important observation is that scale heterogeneity is important: accounting for scale— as well as preference—heterogeneity in the generalised mixed logit model leads to significantly improved model fit. The results indicate significant unobserved error variance across respondents, unrelated to whether a high or low cost vector is used.     

Firm innovativeness and work-life balance

Assessing firms’ innovativeness is not an easy task. The literature recognises a number of innovativeness indicators. Most of them are technology-based indicators which perform well in high-tech industries but might be ineffective in other industries where patenting is not usual or in which R&D budgets are low or not formalised. In this paper, we critically review previous innovativeness indicators and we propose a new approach to assess firm innovativeness that is based not on the role of technology but on that of people. This new approach focuses on the existence of work-life balance benefits that are connected with motivation, engagement and creativity in the workplace. We argue that this could be an effective complementary means to assess the innovativeness of firms. It could be combined with previously used indicators and might have considerable advantages such as their suitability for application in any kind of firm regardless of its technological profile.     

The Production of Eco-Labels

Eco-labeling is a market-based technique for conveying information about consumers’ demands for environmental protection. Most criticisms of eco-labeling have concentrated on demand-side issues – the potential for firms or countries to use eco-labels to manipulate market power – and the difficulty of creating credible labels. In this paper, we argue that fundamental problems also arise on the production side. Specifically, we argue that both increasing returns to scale and complexities in production imply that it will be possible to market only a small percentage of environmental attributes through the use of eco-labels. We present evidence for our hypotheses from a detailed survey of 100 randomly-selected consumer products.      

Product innovation and sustainable marketing: effects on consumer innovativeness

Based on the theory of sustainable marketing and time cognition, this study constructed a theoretical model among product innovation, sustainable marketing, time perspectives, and customer innovativeness. Using a sample of 290 consumers in China respond to a new energy vehicle, this paper examines the influence of firm's product innovation on customer innovativeness through the paths of sustainable marketing and time perspectives. The results showed that product innovation positively affected three dimensions of sustainable marketing, which then had different effects on present and future time perspectives. Time perspectives positively affected consumer innovativeness. According to the findings, this study discussed implications for theory, practice, and future work.     

基于供应商创新性开发的绿色产品创新绩效提升策略研究

供应商参与绿色产品创新对制造业绿色发展转型意义重大。基于组织匹配理论，揭示制造企业在不同供应商组织适配条件下，均能有效激发供应商绿色创新性，进而提升绿色产品创新绩效的供应商开发策略。来自中国制造业195个样本的实证研究结果表明，企业可以通过直接或间接绿色供应商开发激发供应商绿色创新性，进而提升绿色产品创新绩效，但不能同时使用直接和间接绿色供应商开发；当供应商的组织适配主要表现为兼容时，可根据实际情况选择直接或间接绿色供应商开发，同等条件下优先考虑直接绿色供应商开发。当供应商的组织适配主要表现为互补时，应采用直接绿色供应商开发，避免使用间接绿色供应商开发。     

The changing pattern of SME's innovativeness through business model globalization

Globalization has forced small and medium enterprises to change business models with new innovative capabilities. However, it is not clear what those old and new business models are let alone capabilities. Challenging this, we suggest a way of identifying principal types of those business models, and of finding evolving paths of SME's business models with the changing pattern of innovativeness. Based on a survey result of 400 Korean SMEs, four principal types of business models are identified and characterized by distinctive innovativeness. Also, through interviews and additional surveys on 30 globalized SMEs, the four evolving paths of SME's BMs are explored. For small and medium enterprises, our research can be used not only as a strategic reference, but also as a policy tool to design government-funded supporting programs.