Worker turnover and job reallocation: the role of fixed-term contracts

This paper analyses the role of fixed-term contracts in bringingabout simultaneous worker flows and worker and job turnoverin Spain. After exploring the issue that hirings (separations)are not restricted to growing (declining) establishments andthat most firms are simultaneously engaged in hiring and separatingworkers, the extent of total worker turnover and its componentsis computed by contractual status. The findings are that workerand job turnover is higher for temporary employment and thatfixed-term contracts are used mainly for rotation purposes (althoughthey also account for the majority of job creation and destruction).     

关于按生产要素分配的原因及效应分析

<正> 江泽民同志在十六大报告中指出:“确立劳动、资本、技术和管理等生产要素参与分配的原则,完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度。”这一论断是对社会主义初级阶段分配理论的进一步深化。     

The relationship between technical efficiency and industrial concentration: Evidence from the Indonesian food and beverages industry

This paper investigates the relationship between technical efficiency and industrial concentration in the Indonesian food and beverages sector. Firm-level data obtained from the Indonesian Bureau of Central Statistics (BPS) are used to estimate technical efficiency scores and calculate measures of industrial concentration. The results show that the food and beverages industry is characterized by high industrial concentration and firms in the industry are inefficient. The Granger-causality test suggests a one-way direction of causality, with industrial concentration having a negative impact on technical efficiency, at the sector level. This suggests that the quiet-life hypothesis, rather than the efficient-structure hypothesis, applies to the Indonesian food and beverages industry.     

Development of land turnover in Russia

The paper elucidates the problems of market land turnover in the Russian Federation. It analyzes the dynamics of the main types of transactions and areas involved into them at the land market of the country. The differentiation in the prices for state and municipal lands depending on the factors influencing land supply and demand is determined. The special attention is given to lands with agricultural destination.     

Policy burdens,firm performance,and management turnover

Lin, Cai, and Li [Lin, Y., Cai, F., Li, Z., 1998. Competition, policy burdens, and state-owned enterprise reform. American Economic Review 88, 422–327] argue that under information asymmetry, SOE managers can use state-imposed policy burdens as excuses of poor performance and make the State accountable for it. The argument implies that turnover–performance sensitivity of SOEs decreases as policy burdens increase and that such impact depends on the extent of information asymmetry. Accordingly, this paper empirically explores how policy burdens affect top management turnover of Chinese listed firms between 2000 and 2005. We find that high surplus labor significantly reduces the sensitivity of chairman turnover to performance for state-controlled firms, while private firms do not exhibit such a pattern. Furthermore, our results show that high surplus labor reduces the turnover–performance sensitivity more for firms with greater information asymmetry. Overall, we find strong evidence supporting the implications of Lin, Cai, and Li [Lin, Y., Cai, F., Li, Z., 1998. Competition, policy burdens, and state-owned enterprise reform. American Economic Review 88, 422–327]. In addition, we find that chairman turnover of Chinese firms is sensitive to different performance measures for state-controlled firms and private firms.     

The current state of land turnover in Russia

The paper characterizes the land market turnover in the Russian Federation. Various market land transactions and the associated legal, organizational, technical, and economic problems are considered.     

灰色系统理论在沉降监测预报中的应用研究

随着楼层的增加和沉降变形增大,文章探讨了在高层建筑物施工过程中的建筑物安全问题、变形是否超标以及未来发展趋势。当数据不完善或者数据被破坏,运用传统法已经不能够很好地模拟与预测变形的情况下,需要随时掌握建筑物信息以便采取相应的安全措施。以灰色系统理论为基础,针对建筑基础沉降的特点,建立相关的预测模型;在对已有监测数据统计分析的基础上,求出预测参数,然后根据施工进度安排,可以对不同施工期间建筑沉降进行预测,以确保施工安全。     

2006年世界强港与中国港口发展及预测

2007年3月,英国伦敦出版的《集装箱化国际》报道,2006年世界30强集装箱港口吞吐量达到24210万TEU,相当于同年世界港口集装箱吞吐总量44000万TEU的55%(见表1).     

Sectoral border effects and the geographic concentration of production

The object of this paper is to study the relationship between the border effect and the geographic concentration of production. We explain this relationship through the home market effect and test the robustness of this explanation by using an analysis that considers the European single market. A sectoral gravity equation is estimated with different econometric estimators; in particular, we discuss a recently suggested estimator for log-linear CES models. Overall, our findings suggest a steady relationship between the border effect and the concentration of production. Furthermore, the analysis of concentration through a synthetic index provides us with valuable insights into the structure of the European industry.     

Technology and employment in the production of cotton cloth

This paper makes use of two well-known UN studies of the integrated spinning and weaving of cotton cloth in order to examine the relationship between technology and employment in developing countries. In particular the paper: (a) considers the choice of technology in the production of a given volume of cotton cloth in Western Europe, Latin America and Africa; (b) estimates and discusses the elasticity of capital-labour substitution in such production: and (c) examines some aspects of job creation, factor prices and economic efficiency. The variation in ‘optimal’ technology choice across wage areas is found to be rather narrow and to lie in the upper part of the capital-labour spectrum. The variation in profitability across technologies, however, is found to be much less than that of employment in all three areas. The limited range of ‘optimal’ technologies is partly explained by the elasticity of substitution which lies between 0.2 and 0.25 for Europe; 0.25 and 0.33 for Latin America; and 0.33 and 0.50 for Africa. A certain prodigality in the use of both men and machines in the developing regions is also part of the explanation of the relative similarity in optimal technology choice in the three wage areas considered. In the light of this prodigality and the low elasticity, consideration is given to the question of increasing developing country employment in a state enterprise and a private firm respectively. Not surprisingly, it is found that it would pay to exploit the scope for substitution in the state factory if more employment were sought, although the difference in total costs by ignoring such scope could be relatively small. It is further found that the magnitude of factor price changes required to induce a profit-maximizing businessman to provide the required volume of employment could be dauntingly large. It is noted that increased efficiency in the developing textile industry could result in increased unemployment.     

环保节能型空心砌块的研制

混凝土小型空心砌块是当今世界流行的建筑制品,也是我国迄今产量最大、增长最块、应用最广的新型建筑材料之一.如何进一步突显混凝土砌块的环保性和生态性,使其显现出更强的技术经济优势,是大家研究的热点.     

新生代农民工工作价值观及其对离职倾向的影响研究

近年来,新生代农民工的频繁离职问题,引起了社会、企业及学术界的广泛关注,但目前不少研究只是关注新生代农民工工作价值观的部分特征,而对其工作价值观与离职倾向之间的关系作出研究的文献并不多见。本文以新生代农民工为研究对象,采用访谈、问卷调查、统计分析等方法,对新生代农民工的工作价值观及其对离职倾向的影响进行深入分析研究。研究发现,因性别、婚姻状况、是否有子女等情况的差异,新生代农民工工作价值观存在显著差异。新生代农民工工作价值观中的成长与能力、独立与地位维度与离职倾向呈显著正相关。因此,企业管理者应了解并尊重新生代农民工工作价值观的差异,满足他们在工作中的个性需求,并规划完善好他们的职业发展路径,从而避免离职倾向和离职行为的产生。     

The effect of tariff reductions on firm size and firm turnover in canadian manufacturing

Using panel data on 81 Canadian manufacturing industries over the 1983–1996 period, the authors show that the estimated impact of recent tariff cuts was a positive and significant increase in the exit rate of firms. Supplementing this finding with recent research showing, that exiting firms tend to be less productive than those that survive, this provides support for recent trade models asserting that increased exposure to international trade induces the exit of least efficient firms, thereby contributing to productivity growth. JEL no. F1, L6     

海南省旅游人才需求分析与预测

根据相关统计数据并结合问卷调查和专家访谈,依据《海南国际旅游岛建设发展规划纲要》的相关目标,对海南省旅游人才的需求在总量和结构上进行了预测。     

河南农民收入现状与预测分析

农业、农村和农民问题是国家长治久安的重要问题。农民收入问题是农民问题乃至是"三农"问题的核心。河南省地处中原腹地,农村人口占总人口的63.97%。粮棉油等主要农产品产量均居全国前列,农村经济在国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。本研究通过查阅资料、实际走访调研、运用实证研究方法,通过大量数据对比,分析近几年来河南省农民收入的现状与问题,探讨农民收入的现状、特点和结构分析,从而预测未来5年河南省农民的收入,作为制定农业农村新政策的参考,以期能为政府决策做一点政策性的建议。