Main Trends in the Development of World Transport and Russia’s Place in Them

The article has considered the main trends in the development of the a world transport system and general manifestations of prospective trends have been noted, including orientation to qualitative aspects of functioning and competition and interaction with various participants in the transport services market, as well as ambiguous consequences of rapid development of transport in modern conditions. Priority directions of the development of transport (on an example of a railway) in Russia have been given based on the positions of their connection to world trends.     

综合交通枢纽促进城市现代服务业空间集聚的对策研究——以上海虹桥综合交通枢纽为例

根据公共交通导向型的城市发展理论和增长极理论,综合交通枢纽往往成为经济活动的集聚区,对区域产业发展、特别是国际化大都市现代服务业的发展具有重要意义.文章根据法兰克福交通枢纽发展的经验和上海虹桥综合交通枢纽的总体规划设计,分析了虹桥综合交通枢纽未来的产业发展方向,并提出促进该地区现代服务业集聚的对策性建议.     

论中国铁路的技术发展规律及技术创新轨迹

从技术经济学的角度论述铁路这种运输方式的发展历程,根据该运输方式的过去和现状,推测铁路将来的发展趋势,即客运高速化、货运重载化、牵引动力现代化、货物运输集装化和集中化、运营管理信息网络化,并总结铁路运输在发展历程中的技术发展规律和技术创新轨迹。     

Road transport productivity in the sixteenth‐century Low Countries: the case of Brabant, 1450–1650†

Though there is a consensus that transport plays a central role in economic development, for the period before the eighteenth century there is a lack of strategic information for assessing the importance of road transport productivity changes in economic development. Transport prices in particular are crucial missing pieces of the puzzle. Sources rarely reveal information that meets the standards of reliable price history. However, it is possible to create a reliable transport price series on the basis of the transport of millstones to ducal mills in Brabant. Assessing the impact of the ‘transport productivity changes’ that can be inferred from this transport price series is a hazardous exercise. Moreover, as Masschaele has observed, land transport prices closely match general agricultural price trends. Land transport was essentially an agricultural service, determined both by cost (especially horse provender) and income effects. Transport price inflation was not demand‐led. However, while transport did not impede urbanization and economic growth, conversely, in sixteenth‐century Brabant—a highly urbanized region that experienced considerable growth in the volume of land transport—no significant land transport productivity gains were achieved.     

长三角地区交通运输业发展机遇、挑战及对策研究

交通运输业是经济发展的基础产业,长三角地区作为我国重要的经济开发区,在经济发展过程中为其交通运输发展带来各种机遇,但同时其运输需求的规模性和多样性对整个产业带来较高挑战。本文在对长三角地区交通运输现状描述的基础上,分析了经济发展过程中存在的机遇和挑战,并提出相应的政策措施,以促进地区综合运输体系的可持续发展。     

我国铁路货运市场现状及营销发展战略研究

分析了我国铁路货运市场现状,并运用SWOT分析法对我国铁路货运市场营销的优势和劣势、机会和威胁进行了分析,提出了重点发展大宗货物直达运输、加强信息化建设、发展铁路货运现代化物流、提供特色服务、人才培养、优化运输组织等发展战略。     

湖北交通枢纽型乡镇经济发展模式研究

交通枢纽型乡镇是一个区域经济中心,也是该地区重要的交通节点。由于交通枢纽型乡镇经济是一般意义上乡镇经济更高层次的发展,因此研究交通枢纽型乡镇经济的发展模式,剖析其在发展过程中存在的问题,揭示其发展应具备的条件以利其更好地发展,是推动当今湖北省农村乡镇经济发展中需要认真探讨和研究的重要课题,具有深远的意义。     

交通运输业对区域经济活动的影响分析

交通运输业不仅是我国国民经济发展的基石,也是国民经济发展的先导。本文主要通过交通运输业在促进区域产业布局、区域城镇化建设、区域经济协调发展等三个主要方面来展开分析,并通过对交通运输业的聚集效应和扩散效应的分析来说明交通运输业和其他产业之间的作用机制,为区域经济发展提供一定的理论参考价值。     

Road crashes in Namibia: Challenges and opportunities for sustainable development

ABSTRACT

Within a broad framework for comprehensive advancement, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) directly address the importance of safe transport to human development. We analysed some 29 000 crashes recorded in Namibia between 2012 and 2015 to identify connections between road safety and sustainable development there and, by extension, throughout Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries. The results indicate that the heavy reliance on transport services for basic mobility, especially in rural areas, contributes to negative development outcomes in terms of significant burden of injuries and death, many of which affect younger people of prime working age. The results also suggest that development pressures such as increased commercial traffic and more private vehicles increase the burden of roadway crashes. Many of the underlying factors contributing to these crashes are attributable to driving behaviours and safety cultures that must be addressed as part of programmatic socioeconomic development in order to mitigate the negative effects of transportation and more fully realise its potential to support sustainable development. We document additional ways in which the provision of safe transport is interrelated to successful attainment of the broader SDGs including those not explicitly addressing safe transport such as 4, 5, 8, 9, 16, and 17.     

Development characteristics of Russia’s ground transport types at the present time

The state and development prospects of the leading sectors of Russia’s transport complex—automobile and railway types—are reviewed in the paper. Special attention is paid to the analysis of transport growth factors, including international ones, and problems of modernization of the infrastructure and railway stock. Some results of reforming rail transport are represented.     

Government control of the transport service industry

This article is an attempt to justify the insufficiency of market tools for transport development and the need to apply them, along with government control in the light of the backbone role of transport in the economy, geopolitics, and the social welfare of this country and its regions. This point is confirmed by examples of operating transport systems in other countries and considering some performance aspects of the national transport system at present day and in retrospective.     

我国常规能源的区域有效供给能力及其通道建设研究

以煤炭为代表的五大常规能源,在生产地与消费地之间进行有序运输,区域的供需属性需要有效的运输供给能力作为保障。文章在五类能源区域供需形势分析的基础上,对当前七大区域的能源运输有效供给能力进行研究,明确各区域能源的实际运输属性,否定了"产地即输出"的习惯认识,并进一步计算各区域的能源运输负荷值,以此作为区域特色能源运输通道发展的有力依据,即在特定能源的高负荷运输区域,加强对应运输通道的建设力度和发展规模。     

基于SWOT的柳州铁路局客运市场分析

对柳州铁路局客运市场进行SWOT分析是确定其客运营销战略的前提和基础。文章运用SWOT分析法分析了柳州铁路局客运市场环境,得出了柳州铁路局客运面临的外部机会主要有旅游资源丰富、西部大开发、旅客运输市场不断扩大等;外部威胁为吸引区内经济不发达、其他交通方式发展迅速、旅客运输质量要求越来越高等;自身优势有发达的线路网、强大的信息网和完善的设施网支持,旅行速度较快,旅行更安全等;劣势为直通客车数量太少,主型客车不足,空调车运用非常紧张,从业人员服务意识不够强等。     

绿色民航发展的三方演化博弈研究

为推动我国民航绿色发展，实现碳达峰、碳中和目标，通过构建政府、机场企业和民航运输企业三方的演化博弈模型，研究不同情境下各方的稳定演化策略。数值仿真分析了关键参数变化对主体策略的影响。研究发现，政府的激励措施和惩罚力度能促进绿色发展，但补贴过高或过低不利于民航运输企业绿色策略。因此，根据机场企业和民航运输企业成本结构，建议政府制定差异化激励政策，有助于实现绿色民航的可持续发展。     

水运交通对我国经济的影响研究

水运是现代综合运输体系的重要组成部分,它直接为现代工业、商业贸易服务。本文从以下3个层面,探讨了水运交通对经济的影响。首先,通过对海运承担的外贸运量和石油、铁矿石的进口量的数量分析,阐述了水运对对外贸易的支撑作用;其次,通过案例和数据,从经济格局演化、资源开发、均衡经济等角度,探究了水运对区域发展的推动作用;最后讨论了水运作为国际合作依托的重要作用。     

低碳经济视角下的北京公共交通发展研究

全球变暖导致一系列社会问题,而交通运输排放的二氧化碳是其主因之一。如何建立低碳排放的公共交通运输体系对于北京低碳城市的发展和解决交通堵塞问题具有重要的意义。文章在计算各种交通方式碳排放强度的基础上,认为发展快速公交系统和轨道交通,可以降低碳排放强度,最后提出了北京发展低碳交通方式的对策。     

Priorities on the rail transportation market

The article discusses some aspects of the priority growth areas of Russian rail transport, as well as matters of management and financing in the area of cooperation between various participants in the transport services market under the new economic conditions. The consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization for rail transport are evaluated. Particular attention is paid to the development of high-speed traffic, as well as the issues related to the infrastructure component of the industry and commercialization of transportation services.     

基于BSC战略地图的云南省公交优先发展战略路径研究

公交优先战略实施是应对气候变化和完成承诺减排任务的主要举措，也是推进新型城镇化发展和城市可持续发展的重要手段。从战略构架的角度，利用平衡计分卡工具，基于财务、社会公众、内部运营、学习与成长四个维度分析了云南省如何实施公交优先发展，通过绘制BSC战略地图给出云南省公交优先发展战略实施的路径和主要任务。     

美国航空运输业市场结构演变及其政策启示

本文详尽描述了20世纪70年代中期以来美国航空运输业市场结构的演变过程,并运用产业组织中的SCP分析框架,全面分析了美国航空运输业市场结构演变的原因,最后总结出促进我国航空运输业发展的政策启示,如坚持民航产业政策的有效性和灵活性、重视航空运输企业国际竞争力的培育、鼓励低成本航空公司的发展和完善基于市场细分的分工协作体系等。     

济南公交票价弹性分析

利用城市居民出行意愿调查数据,结合济南公交发展历史数据,通过构建非集计模型,分析得到济南公交票价弹性值,对不同票价下的居民出行方式选择概率进行了预测,研究结果将对公交企业利用价格杠杆提高公交分担率提供依据。