基于化肥减量化管理的农业清洁生产多方联动机制框架研究

[目的]化肥减量增效是实现农业可持续发展的关键举措和优先任务,文章首先基于环境经济学的外部性理论分析与国内外研究现状综述,提出了新形势下基于利益相关方的视角开展化肥减量化管理多方联动机制研究的必要性。[方法]为构建有效的多方联动机制,需要全面了解利益相关方参与化肥减量化管理的现状与主要问题,该文实地调研了普通农户、新型经营主体的耕地保护意识、地力改善意识、清洁生产支付意愿和对政府的主要利益诉求并对其做了对比分析,同时通过关键人物访谈了解基层农技部门、有机肥生产企业在化肥减量过程中面临的主要困难。[结果]构建了化肥减量化管理多方联动机制框架,具体包括肥料生产与使用监管机制、耕地保护责任追究机制、化肥减量化技术推广机制、农业清洁生产补贴机制和绿色农产品消费引导机制等。[结论]结合当前农业供给侧结构性改革的政策背景,强调通过综合运用规范性、激励性和市场性政策工具和手段,建立有效的化肥减量化管理多方联动机制是实现化肥减量增效和农业可持续发展的必然要求。此外,该文补充强调了当前化肥减量应坚持用地、养地相结合,化肥、有机肥配合使用,在保持和改善当前地力水平的前提下,通过提质增效来确保粮食安全、农民增收。     

MEASURING VALUES FOR IMPROVED AIR QUALITY FROM DISCRETE RESPONSE DATA: TWO EXPERIMENTS

This paper derives and estimates two different measures of the value of an elimination of sulphur emissions in Sweden. One measure is a usual willingness-to-pay measure, while the other measure yields the willingness to offer jobs in the industry in order to secure an improvement in air quality. According to both approaches, the average willingness to pay for an improvement in air quality is surprisingly high: 4 to 5 per cent of disposable income and 3 to 4 per cent of the total number of jobs in Sweden, respectively. These figures suggest that it is socially profitable to undertake further measures to reduce air pollution in Sweden given existing estimates of cleaning costs.     

WHICH COUNTRY LOSES THE LEAST IN A TRADE WAR?

Trade actions, which can generally be claimed as trade wars, appear to be on the rise. This is particularly true in the case of agricultural commodities. It is a common perception that large countries will be the victors in such contests and this clearly affects the trade strategies of small countries, including Australia. The relationship between free-trade and trade-war pay-offs in the context of a prisoner's dilemma is explored in this paper. It is shown why neither a favourable terms of trade movement, a flatter import demand curve nor a larger population is, on its own, a sufficient condition for a relative victory in a trade war. The implications for small country trade strategies are then discussed.     

聂振邦：健全反腐倡廉制度推进党风廉政建设

为传达贯彻中纪委五次全会和国务院第三次廉政工作会议精神,学习胡锦涛总书记的重要讲话和贺国强同志的工作报告,回顾总结2009年工作,部署2010年粮食系统党风廉政建设和反腐败工作,4月8日,全国粮食系统纪检监察工作会议在江苏省南京市召开。国家粮食局党组书记、局长聂振邦同志出席会议并作重要讲话,国家粮食局党组成员、纪检组长杨兵同志作工作报告。     

SOME DEVELOPMENTS IN SCOTTISH FARMING SINCE THE WAR

The paper takes a panoramic view of Scottish farming since the war and considers in turn developments in the three major sectors, namely of livestock rearing in the hills and uplands and of dairying and arable farming in the lowlands. During this period, hill and upland farming has operated within a consistent long-term policy framework designed to achieve comprehensive rehabilitation of these areas. The reasons why this policy has not so far succeeded are examined. The more recent changes in policy for these areas are referred to, which at one and the same time have enlarged the agricultural role of the hills and uplands and greatly increased the need for adjustment and innovation in their farming practices. Turning to lowland farming, the paper refers particularly to developments in the case of milk and beef production and in arable farming and makes some contrasts of administrative and policy significance with corresponding English farming. The last part of the paper discusses some of the dificulties in achieving a balance between stability and efficiency in agricultural policy.     

聂振邦：真抓实干做好党风廉政工作和反腐败工作

2006年2月27-28日,全国粮食系统纪检监察工作会议在绿城南宁召开,国家粮食局党组书记、局长聂振邦同志出席会议并作重要讲话,对今年粮食系统党风廉政建设和反腐败工作提出要求并作出全面部署。     

酒泉清洁能源产业园区建设研究

2006年以来酒泉风电、光电产业飞速发展,已建成500万kW风电基地、20MW太阳能发电基地,成为全国最大的风电产业示范基地和清洁能源产业园区之一。为确保"陆上三峡"的建设目标,必须从加强产业园区基础设施建设、加快输电网建设和调峰电源建设提高电量调节能力、加大国内外融资力度、建立园区科技创新机制、构建园区人才资源支撑体系等方面对清洁能源产业园区进行建设,以充分发挥酒泉市丰富的风光资源优势,推动低碳经济的发展。     

A FRAMEWORK FOR VIEWING SIMULATION

This expository article is designed to provide the agricultural economist with an introduction to simulation models. An intellectual framework is suggested to assist the reader in relating the several types of models that may be encountered in the literature. The Monte Carlo technique for experimentation with stochastic models is emphasized because of its potential usefulness.
UN EXPOSE DES MODELES DE SIMULA TION - L'objet de cet article était de vous familiariser avec des modèles de conditions simulées. Le raisonnement propose devrait aider les lecteurs à se faire une idée des divers modèles qui surgissent dans ces écrits. A cause de son utilité, la technique Monte Carlo est soulignée comme expérimentation.     

A SUPPLY FUNCTION FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS

Results of an investigation into factors affecting the aggregate supply of dairy products in Australia are presented. Empirical estimates of the parameters of the supply function, using ordinary least squares, indicate that some concept of average prices for dairy products is a more important determinant of supply than ratios of prices of dairy products relative to prices of production substitutes such as beef cattle or sheep and lambs. The empirical results also indicate that the quota-type effects of the various metropolitan fluid milk schemes are important in determining supply. Effects of new technology on supply could not be quantified due to intercorrelation of explanatory variables.