An analysis of congruous relationships between self-images and product images

This study examined the congruous relationship between self-image and the image of a preferred brand. The empirical data supported past findings when similar analytical techniques were applied to the data. However, an alternative conceptualization of congruency as absolute rather than a relative phenomenon resulted in different findings. Subsequently, these results provide additional directions for theory building. The findings suggest that congruency often occurs at some distance from self-image (in the tails of the distributions) and that for many dimensions of image, other variables besides congruency may be more important in the purchase process. UAB The Authors wish to thank Wendy Martin, Ira Dolich and an unknown reviewer for their helpful comments.     

产品市场竞争的公司治理效应：基于股利政策的证据

以2004年至2007年深沪两市上市公司作为研究样本,探讨了产品市场竞争程度在上市公司股利政策中治理效应。对全样本进行回归,研究发现,产品市场竞争程度和每股现金股利呈正相关关系。通过分样本研究发现：在非国有控制样本中每股现金股利和产品市场竞争程度相关系数为正,与全样本相关性一致,但在国有控制样本中每股现金股利和产品市场竞争程度参数不显著,说明产品市场竞争在国有上市公司中并不对现金股利发放产生影响,同时反映了我国产品市场竞争程度还不够高。产品市场竞争程度较高样本组中每股现金股利和产品市场竞争程度在5%水平下显著为正,说明在集中度较高行业中的公司,趋向于支付更多的现金股利。     

Interactivity in the electronic marketplace: An exposition of the concept and implications for research

It is widely recognized that a better understanding of interactivity and its implications is essential for facilitating research focused on the emerging electronic marketplace. However, deficiencies persist in our understanding of this important concept. Building on research in various fields of study (e.g., information systems, marketing, and computer-mediated communication), this article presents a conceptualization of interactivity from a marketplace perspective that is missing or inadequately articulated in the literature. Specifically, interactivity is conceptualized as a characteristic of computer-mediated communication in the marketplace that increases with the bidirectionality, timeliness, mutual controllability, and responsiveness of communication as perceived by consumers and firms. The article concludes with a research agenda focusing on issues relating to measurement, conceptual refinement, and management of interactivity in the electronic marketplace. Manjit S. Yadav (yadav@tamu.edu) is an associate professor of marketing and Mays Research Fellow, Department of Marketing, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University. He obtained his Ph.D. in marketing from Virginia Tech. His current research focuses primarily on strategic issues related to the Internet and the electronic marketplace. He has published in a number of journals including theJournal of Marketing Research, the Journal of Consumer Research, the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, andSloan Management Review. He is a member of the Editorial Review Board of theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science and theJournal of Interactive Marketing. He is a recipient of the Faculty Distinguished Achievement Award in Teaching (Mays Business School, Texas A&M University). He cochaired the American Marketing Association’s Faculty Consortium on Electronic Commerce held at Texas A&M University. Rajan Varadarajan (varadarajan@tamu.edu) is a distinguished professor of marketing and holder of the Ford Chair in Marketing and E-Commerce in the Mays Business School at Texas A&M University. His primary teaching and research interest is in the area of strategy. His research on strategy has been published in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theAcademy of Management Journal, theStrategic Management Journal, and other journals. He served as editor of theJournal of Marketing from 1993 to 1996 and theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science from 2000 to 2003. He currently serves on the Editorial Review Boards of theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of International Marketing, theJournal of Interactive Marketing, and other journals. He is a recipient of a number of honors and awards including the Academy of Marketing Science Distinguished Marketing Educator Award (2003), the American Marketing Association Mahajan Award for Career Contributions to Marketing Strategy (2003), and the Texas A&M University Distinguished Achievement Award in Research (1994).     

Marketing at the retail shelf: an examination of moderating effects of logistics on SKU market share

Given that the impact of retail shelf facings and price on a product’s market share is of substantial interest to marketing managers in the retail supply chain, we examine whether these relationships may be interdependent with the firm’s supply chain activities. We offer predictions regarding the interdependence of the marketing and supply chain variables using monthly in-store observations from 62 different retail stores from five different chains, taken over a 24-month period. The in-store observations included price and number of facings, which is combined with data obtained from the manufacturer on case pack quantity and market share data from the ACNielsen HomeScan consumer scanner panel. Results indicate that shelf facings impact the effects of price and case pack quantity on market share. In addition, we explore the strength of relationships across retailers employing everyday low price versus HiLo pricing strategies. Generally, our findings suggest that retailers and suppliers must work to integrate marketing activities and supply chain processes both within and across firms to most effectively serve the consumer at the retail shelf and increase market share.     

Sibling brands, multiple objectives, and response to entry: The case of the marion retail coffee market

A new brand entering a market often finds itself in competition with sibling brands (those owned by the same parent company). In a case study of a retail coffee market, the authors examine how these brand relationships might influence the sibling and competitor brands' responses to entry. Using an empirically validated brand-share attraction model, the authors compare the actual responses to entry with the optimal responses under different incumbent objectives. The authors find that the responses by sibling brand are more accommodating than those of unrelated brands whose responses are consistent with the preservation of preentry levels of sales. Thomas S. Gruca (Ph.D., University of Illinois) is a Lloyd J. and Thelma W. Palmer Research Fellow and an associate professor of marketing in the Tippie College of Business at the University of Iowa. His research on defensive marketing strategy has appeared in the International Journal of Research in Marketing, the Journal of Marketing, the Journal of Marketing Research, Marketing Management, and Marketing Science. His research on health care has appeared in Contemporary Accounting Research, Health Care Management Science, and Strategic Management Journal. He is currently working on electronic prediction markets and modeling hospital network formation. He is a member of the editorial board of Marketing Letters and a reviewer for a number of management science journals. D. Sudharshan (Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh) is a professor of business administration in the College of Commerce and Business Administration at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research interests lie in the areas of marketing strategy, new product and service development, and marketing technology management. He serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Marketing and the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. His articles have appeared in various journals including Marketing Science, Management Science, the Journal of Marketing, the Journal of Marketing Research, the Strategic Management Journal, the European Journal of Operational Research, the Journal of Service Research, and the Journal of Market Focused Management. K. Ravi Kumar (Ph.D., Northwestern University) is a professor in the Department of Information and Operations Management, Marshall School of Business, at the University of Southern California. His current research interests include the embedding of information systems within global physical operation and the development of sustainable information technology industries in developing countries. He is the author or coauthor of articles appearing in Management Science, Marketing Science, the Journal of Economic Theory, Production and Operations Management, and the Journal of Operations Management. He serves on the advisory boards of Production and Operations Management and Technology and Operations Review.     

Focus group research dynamics and reporting: An examination of research objectives and moderator influences

While focus groups enjoy wide popularity in marketing practice, the methodological complexities of this form of qualitative research are largely ignored. One such issue concerns how different moderators interact with alternative approaches to focus group research to affect group processes and reporting. This study applies a philosophy of science perspective to understanding the theoretical and practical importance of interactions between moderator research philosophies and qualitative information-gathering objectives. The findings from an analysis of 66 moderators show that the conceptual framework used here describes important aspects of focus group work. However, they also show that the distinctions in the framework are not being practiced by marketing researchers. Prior to joining Hofstra, Dr. McDonald spent 12 years working for various companies and advertising agencies. He also taught marketing courses for several years at the University of Illinois. Dr. McDonald earned his Ph.D. in Behavioral Science from the University of Chicago. He has presented numerous marketing topics before professional associations. Dr. McDonald’s articles have appeared in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Direct Marketing, The Gerontologist, and others.     

The government and the market place: An evaluation of the FTC

“The Government and the Market Place: An Evaluation of the FTC” is a critical political and historical analysis of the Federal Trade Commission. It explores the initial reasons for the regulatory agency and then provides an, in-depth study of its legislative history and the subsequent powers Congress provided for the FTC’s operation. Although the Federal Trade Commission occasionally receives favorable headlines, the authors contend that the agency is politically motivated and business oriented. The reasons for the failure of the FTC are assessed and a constructive solution is offered. Reports by the second Hoover Commission, James Landis, the American Bar Association and Roy Ash-as well as others-are cited to support the authors’ thesis that the FTC should be abolished and reorganized along the lines suggested by the President’s Commission on Executive Reorganization. The article is well researched employing government documents and the most recent articles and books on the FTC.     

The market phenomenon: An alternative theory and some metatheoretical research considerations

Past definitions of the construct “market” are examined and analyzed for explanatory power of the market phenomenon. A counter definition and theory supporting it is forwarded. Additionally, a metatheoretical research paradigm is presented as a framework for future research into theory of the market.     

An attitudinal evaluation of hospitals: A determinant attribute and market segmentation study

There has been increasing interest in the application of marketing knowledge to non-traditional fields of endeavour. This paper outlines how the determinant attribute approach to attitude measurement can be used as the basis for segmenting a hospital's market of potential patients. Based on a telephone survey of a stratified random sample of potential patients several distinct market segments were found. The conclusion was drawn that if maximum patient satisfaction was desired it would be necessary to have various types of hospitals in any given geographical area.     

产品价值链:农业产业化的一个分析视角

农业产业化的经济实质是，以市场需求为导向，组织农民配置各种生产要素从而提高农产品价值的活动，在最终产品形成过程中，由相关的经营主体结成利益共同体，构成产品价值增值链。农业产业化要求各要素所有者之间建立要素合约关系，共同参与产品的价值增值过程。从成本效益方面分析各要素所有者行为，并且提出了农业产业化组织创新的重点。     

论Shibor运行效果及相关产品开发

2007年1月4日,Shibor（上海银行间同业拆放利率）正式运行。经过一年多的实践,3个月以内的短端Shibor已充分反映了市场资金供求的变化,且Shibor在市场化产品定价中得到了广泛运用,其在货币市场的基准利率地位初步确立。根据国际经验和Shibor的运行情况,我国可以开发远期利率协议、利率期货等Shibor衍生产品。     

Generating new product ideas: An initial investigation of the role of market information and organizational characteristics

Although product innovation is widely recognized as crucial to the success of organizations, the literature still contains certain gaps that limit our understanding of successful product innovation. These gaps include a lack of research employing a decompositional approach (i,e., analysis of the drivers at each stage of the process) to studying product innovation and a related lack of research investigating the effect of organizational characteristics on specific stages of the product innovation process. The authors attempt to close these gaps by developing and testing a model examining the moderating effects of organizational characteristics on the relationship between the amount of market information gathered and the number of new product ideas generated by work groups in organizations. The study findings provide insights into the types of organizational structure and climate characteristics that can have an impact on the relationship between amount of market information and new product idea generation. Lisa C. Troy is an assistant professor of marketing at Utah State University. She earned her Ph.D. from Texas A&M University. Her research interests include product innovation management, environmental marketing, and international marketing management. Her work has appeared in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science and theJournal of Marketing. David M. Szymanski is the Al and Marion Withers Research Fellow and Director, Center for Retailing Studies in the Lowry Mays College and Graduate School of Business at Texas A&M University. His research interests are in the areas of applied meta-analysis, marketing strategy, personal selling and sales management, product innovation, and retail strategy. Representative research has appeared in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, and theJournal of Retailing. P. Rajan Varadarajan is a professor of marketing and the Jenna and Calvin R. Guest professor of business administration at Texas A&M University. His research interests are in the areas of corporate, business, and marketing strategy. His research has been published in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theAcademy of Management Journal, theStrategic Management Journal, Sloan Management Review, California Management Review, Business Horizons, and other journals.     

产品整合与反垄断法规制：创新规则的补充

IBM案和微软案都提出了一个问题，即通过一定方式将原本独立的两个或者两个以上的产品转变为“一个”产品是否是变相的搭售。因此对于非法搭售的认定而言，一个判断的前提是必须存在两个独立的产品，才可能构成搭售。而成功的产品整合会消灭原本独立的产品的独立性，从而不构成搭售。在认定是两个产品还是一个产品的问题上，形成了以需求为主、交易性质为辅的传统认定标准，但这一标准在IBM案和微软案中存在很大的局限性。因此，需要以促进创新为视角扩展传统标准。     

钢铁流通企业商业模式的国际比较与我国的现实选择

商业模式是企业运用内外部要素、资源和能力创造价值和获取利润的模式与方法.商业企业之间的竞争在很大程度上是商业模式的竞争.发达国家钢铁流通企业的欧美模式和日本模式各有特色与优势,对中国具有一定的借鉴意义.但商业模式的成功是诸多要素共同作用的结果,因而创新和重构中国钢铁流通企业的商业模式应当基于我国的现实国情.     

信托产品风险分析与监管研究

目前我国信托产品风险主要体现在受托人的道德风险、风险传染、政策法律风险、受托人风险管理技术低等方面。应按照激励相容、效率和竞争的监管原则，改进监管和协调监管。具体措施是：改变监管费用收取办法；建立符合信托业务规律和法律特征的监管标准，分类监管；建立金融稳定与金融风险之间的定性和量化指标；建立配套监管的基础设施，使各方激励相容；等等。     

经济学:一种产品的需求与供给

经济学作为一种产品,可以从需求与供给两方面来解释它在今天的中国为什么具有引人注目的地位.一方面,我国市场化改革取向产生了对经济学知识的基本需求,经济学理论本身显示出较其它理论更强的解释力;另一方面,经济学理论具有可证伪性和可反驳性,经济学理论的不断更新,经济学家对真实世界的关注,经济学理论研究的开放性,使经济学成为一门具有很强包容性的、跨越意识形态束缚的开放学科.因此也吸引了众多有才气的学者投身其中,为经济学理论的发展做出积极贡献.经济学的新流派层出不穷,其鲜活性对研究者和爱好者都具有强烈吸引,它在学术上的无所不包使得它没有替代品.     

广州职业经理人市场建设的实证研究及对策分析

近年来，广州市政府开始关注并重视职业经理人的培养与使用．并在年薪制、招聘制、资格认证与培训、构建职业经理人市场服务平台等方面多有举措。这些举措对推动广州市职业经理人队伍的建设和职业经理人市场的成长都起到了不同程度的作用．但同时也有种种不尽人意之处。本文对这些举措进行了认真研究与剖析，并对建立职业经理人市场应树立的基本观念及应采取的对策，提出了自己的看法和思路。