Effects of Product Origin and Selected Demographics on Consumer Choice of Red Meats

A multinomial nonlinear nested logit model is used to test data from a stated preference questionnaire to examine the potential effect of identified product and consumer characteristics on the probability of afresh meat product being purchased. The target market of the study is western Canada, and the questionnaire is directed to randomly selected households in major cities in this region. Fresh beef products from Alberta are generally preferred by these consumers over fresh beef products from other parts of Canada. For pork, consumers are indifferent between products of Alberta and those of other Canadian origin. However, fresh beef and pork products from Canada are preferred to products from the United States. The results support origin branding of Alberta beef, but not Alberta pork. Consumer age, household income and family size all have an effect on meat choices.     

冷鲜肉品牌建设要素研究——基于消费者视角的分析

通过消费者问卷调查，对冷鲜肉品牌建设要素假设进行了检验，结果表明：4大因素13＋-指标，即质量满意度（外观形象、品种标志、质量标志、口感风味），品牌联想美誉度（品牌信用度、品牌联想效果、企业责任感水平、品牌关誉度），品牌知名度（未提及知名度、提及知名度、市场占有率）和营销水平（价格适中度、专柜／专店销售水平），与冷鲜r8品牌建设存在较密切关系。     

Air pollution and food prices: evidence from China

Air pollution is one of the top environmental concerns in China. On days with severe air pollution, people (both consumers and producers) often reduce outdoor economic activities in order to avoid possible health damages. This impacts the market trade of fresh food products, at least in a short run. This empirical study sheds light on the impact of air pollution on the short run prices of three major fresh food products (Chinese cabbage, tomatoes and pork) using daily data from the largest outdoor wholesale market in Beijing. With an increase in AQI (Air Quality Index) by 100 units, prices for Chinese cabbage and tomatoes decrease by 1.19 and 0.89 per cent. With an increase in PM2.5 concentration by 100 μg/m³, prices for Chinese cabbage and tomatoes decrease by 0.64 and 0.55 per cent. Air pollution affects vegetable prices, but has no significant impact on prices of pork products.     

Evolving Producer–Packer–Customer Linkages in the Beef and Pork Industries

The U.S. pork and beef sectors are rapidly moving from traditional cash markets to formal vertical linkages. In 1999, 27% of hogs and 65% of cattle were traded in the cash market and packers owned 18% of hogs and 5% of cattle; the rest were procured via marketing contracts. Contrary to popular opinion that plant efficiency is the impetus for the change, packers clearly identified quality concerns as the dominant reason for using marketing contracts or self-production. Quality standards and procurement systems to achieve them will increase in importance with the introduction of more branded pork and beef products.     

生鲜猪肉流通环节利益分配机制研究

本文基于利益相关者等理论,分析了生猪流通各环节的利益分配机制。在此基础上,构建VAR模型,通过格兰杰因果关系检验以及方差分解进一步验证猪肉流通各环节的利益分配机制。研究结果表明,生鲜猪肉流通的各环节利益分配不均,其中生产环节所得的利益较低;各环节的利益波动具有传导性,以批发环节为中心向生产和零售环节两端传导,但是由于各环节的市场联动性不强,其利益波动传导效率较低,相对独立性较强。因此,实现生猪流通环节利益分配均衡是保证猪肉安全供给和价格稳定的一个重要举措。     

Do Alternative Marketing Arrangements Increase Pork Packers' Market Power?

In this article we use structural econometrics to formally test whether the use of the alternative marketing arrangements (AMAs) by pork packers is the source of their market power on the spot (cash) market for live hogs. We specify the pork packers' conjectures of the change in the industry total market procurement of live hogs through the spot market with respect to their AMAs stocks. The test is carried out using the mandatory price reporting data. Our results show that pork packers have statistically significant market power on the spot market for live hogs, but the source of that market power cannot be narrowed down to the existence of AMAs stocks.     

Assessing Consumer and Producer Preferences for Animal Welfare Using a Common Elicitation Format

We assess pig farmers’ willingness‐to‐accept (WTA) higher farm animal welfare (FAW) standards and consumers’ willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for thus enhanced standards. The analysis is based on discrete choice experiments with nearly identical choice sets for both farmers (N=140) and consumers (N=554). Based on preference estimates from a random parameter logit (RPL) model, supply and demand curves for high‐welfare pork in Germany are estimated and market equilibria are derived for alternative levels of FAW. We find that estimates of consumer WTP are significantly positive for all FAW attributes: consumers value more surface space per pig, more bedding and manipulable material, less surgical interventions and shorter transportation times. In contrast, our model revealed significant producer WTA estimates only for surface area per pig and the amount of bedding material on offer, but not for the other FAW attributes. Farmers who expect to continue farming and engage in direct marketing are more likely to adopt higher FAW standards. Male consumers and those who find price more important than brand, origin or taste are less likely to buy high‐welfare pork, as are consumers who never purchase organic meat products. Market simulations for high‐welfare pork indicate increasing divergence between demand and supply with rising FAW standards. We estimate a market share of 44.6% for pork produced in compliance with an entry‐level FAW programme with standards only slightly above the legal minimum. Programmes with more demanding standards are estimated to gain much smaller market shares.     

Developing Economic Indexes for the Quebec Hog/Pork Industry

The Quebec hog/pork industry has grown significantly over the last 25 years. Explanations of this growth in the literature have centered on government policies, expansion of profitable market opportunities, and reforms in marketing institutions. A coincident index model that trends with total hog slaughters in Quebec is estimated using a dynamic factor model. It implicitly defines a variable that measures the overall state of economic activity in the Quebec hog/pork industry. The results show that reforms in hog marketing institutions are strongly correlated with the economic expansion of the industry. A leading economic index also forecasts the growth of the coincident index using leading variables. The overall statistical performance of the leading coincident index is disappointing, but the growth in American inventories of frozen pork meat is shown to have useful predictive value.     

消费者对安全认证农产品自述偏好与现实选择的一致性及其影响因素——以生鲜认证猪肉为例

以生鲜认证猪肉产品为例,本文利用对北京市城镇消费者的问卷调查数据,实证分析了消费者对安全认证农产品自述偏好与现实选择的一致性及其影响因素。结果显示,尽管50%以上的消费者对生鲜认证猪肉有自述偏好,其食品质量安全意识较强,但是,消费者对生鲜认证猪肉自述偏好与现实选择之间存在着较大的差异。消费者受教育程度、消费者家庭月收入、家中是否有18岁以下的孩子和家庭人口规模等是影响其对生鲜认证猪肉自述偏好与现实选择一致性的个人特征和家庭特征因素。消费者对生鲜认证猪肉的意愿支付价格、消费者对质量安全认证知识和认证农产品的了解程度显著正向影响其对生鲜认证猪肉自述偏好与现实选择的一致性。此外,消费者的食品质量安全意识和其所感知到的生鲜猪肉产品的质量安全隐患等变量也会较显著地影响其对生鲜认证猪肉自述偏好与现实选择的一致性。     

我国农产品网络营销现状及优化策略

信息时代的到来,将网络营销带到中国市场。特别是近年来网络越来越成为生活中不可或缺的一部分,网络营销也成为继传统营销模式后新发展的一种营销模式,近3年来农产品网络营销更是异军突起。目前,农产品网络营销市场环境逐步形成,农产品网上交易平台建设初具规模,网络营销得到初步应用,但整体水平较低。农产品网络营销的发展根基尚浅,随着网络营销的运用,诸多问题也随之而来,如企业对网络营销的意识不到位、网络诚信及安全问题存在隐患、农业从业人员网络营销意识浅薄等。为解决这些阻碍因素,文章提出完善网络平台建设、建立农产品品牌、强化物流体系、健全网络法律法规等利于农产品网络营销发展的优化策略。     

Price and Volatility Transmission and Market Power in the German Fresh Pork Supply Chain

We investigate the relationship between the transmission of price volatility and market power in the German fresh pork supply chain. We use a theoretical model underpinning this relationship followed by an empirical application that uses monthly farm, slaughterhouse and retail pork price data for the period 2000–2011. We examine both the relationships of market power with price level transmission and price volatility transmission in the chain. We use a vector error correction model and least squares regressions to analyse price transmission and price volatility transmissions, respectively. Results show that retail market power limited both types of transmissions. Competition inducing policy measures coupled with measures that support price risk management initiatives of chain actors are suggested.     

基于互联网环境下的农产品营销模式研究

农产品进入网络市场较晚仍有较大发展空间,因此各大电商争相抢占线上农产品市场,农产品的网络营销模式也层出不穷。文章选取当前较为热门的搜索引擎营销、BBS营销、网上商店、社交媒体营销和线上支付线下体验式营销等5种营销模式,采用AHP层次分析法,通过构建农产品互联网营销策略评价指标体系并建立模糊综合评价模型对上述5种模式进行定性和定量分析,结果表明:网上商店是当前农产品营销的最优选择;线上支付线下体验消费式的营销模式具有较大发展空间;其余3种模式效果不明显。并在分析农产品网络营销存在的问题基础上提出完善物流体系,加大保险技术研发力度;提高农产品标准化程度;进一步加强网络支付安全等建议。     

日本路边站式“地产地消”农产品流通方式及其启示

"路边站"农产品销售网点,是日本利用公路停车加油与休憩场所设立的农产品营销场所,是一种较为典型的"地产地消"组织形式,截止2015年,日本登记在册的路边站已达1 079所。文章深入剖析了日本路边站式"地产地消"流通方式发展背景、功能、类型,认为路边站在实现新鲜农产品与消费者的对接、增加就业与提高农民收入、推进农业产业化经营与激发农村经济活力、培育地方农产品品牌与保障农产品安全等方面发挥了重要作用。在此基础上,提出我国现代农业发展的建议:发挥我国路网优势,大力发展路边站式农产品经营网点;鼓励特色农产品生产,打造地理标志性农产品;以旅游业推动农业一、二、三产业融合;发展多元化农产品流通方式,加强农产品质量管控。     

Is Dry Aging for Pork Relevant to Consumers?

Introducing a new product is tricky because of potential problems with consumer acceptance. Dry aging is a technique that could make meat more tender, but at the expense of the color that would become darker. This technique is widely used for beef, but it could be useful in the pork industry since the increasing offer of lean meat has reduced its natural tenderness. We investigate Italian consumer preferences for dry aging applied to pork loin and the effect of information on consumer acceptance. A sample of 264 consumers was surveyed in June 2014 in Bologna, Italy, using a hypothetical rank-based conjoint analysis. Data were analyzed using a rank-ordered logit (ROL) approach. Results suggest that consumers preferred dry-aged pork loin to fresh pork loin. They also preferred products labeled with Italian origin and having low fat content. Factors affecting the intention to purchase dry-aged pork loin are age and information on dry aging.     

The demand for meat and fish in Spain: Urban and rural areas

The aim of the paper is to explain to what extent meat consumption patterns in Spain are different in rural and urban areas and which are the factors explaining differences and similarities. A demand system using cross-section data from the latest Spanish National Survey has been estimated. Unit values have been used instead of market prices and price and quality effects have been obtained. The main conclusion is that meat consumption patterns in urban and rural areas are not really different as regards economic factors. Some small income and price effect differences have been found, specially for fresh pork and fish, Responses to changes in income and price are higher for fresh pork consumption in rural areas and for fish in urban areas.     

Willingness to Pay for Quality Labeled Meat in a Rural Area

The aim of this study is to identify consumer perceptions and attitudes toward quality labeled pork and beef using cross-sectional consumer data. Given the dramatic changes over the last years in the meat sector as a result of the recent food scares, the study can facilitate better communicating with consumers and gaining insight into their perceptions and behavior toward meat products. A consumer survey was conducted in the rural region of Thessaly in Greece in order to investigate (a) food quality perceptions, (b) attitudes toward pork and beef quality labels, and (c) intentions to purchase higher priced certified pork and beef. The findings suggest that sociodemographic and personal characteristics have an impact on consumer willingness to pay for such products and different market segments can be targeted by marketers and food policymakers.     

元宝枫油的市场开发策略

分析元宝枫油的研究进展、效益状况、市场预测和市场定位,提出将元宝枫油作为保健品进行市场开发的思路,指出元宝枫油在中、老年市场、青年女性和婴幼儿市场上具有相当大的竞争优势,提出在“融入日常生活的绿色环保保健油”的经营理念指导下,通过创意构思、应用市场营销策略的市场开发策略,达到将一个新型产品推向市场的目的。     

Analyzing the Demand for New Value-Added Product: Case of Pure Blueberry Sweetener

Analyzing the demand for a new product that is not on the market presents challenges as agricultural producers search for potential value-added products and develop marketing strategies for these products. This study examines the market potential for a new pure blueberry sweetener in Kentucky. The results from a contingent choice survey indicate that the average respondent was not willing to pay a significantly positive amount for the product. However, a small group of respondents, who can be identified by their overall blueberry purchasing intentions and age, was willing to pay a price higher than the product's cost of production. Small and medium-size producers who are often limited by the financial and technical constraints associated with actual market trials of new products are likely to find that the type of marketing research described here is a particularly cost-effective method of getting information to assess market potential.     

内蒙古乡村旅游资源及区划研究

[目的]按市场需求分析内蒙古乡村旅游的主要类型,并在此基础上进行区域划分,试图探索内蒙古乡村旅游可持续发展之路。[方法]文章采用细分法,将内蒙古乡村旅游划分为观光游览、休闲度假、文化体验、商务会展及其他等4个类别,由此开展内蒙古乡村旅游区划研究。[结果]将内蒙古乡村旅游资源划分为草场游览区、乡村休闲区、游牧文化体验区、综合发展交流区等4个区。虽然内蒙古草场资源丰富,但受季节性及同质化的影响,其重要地位日渐衰弱。研究发现,内蒙古乡村旅游资源发展潜力排名为:乡村休闲区游牧文化体验区草场游览区综合发展交流区。[结论]乡村休闲是内蒙古乡村旅游的未来发展方向;科学规划内蒙古休闲农庄、文化民宿及乡村综合体,是提升内蒙古乡村旅游竞争力的有效途径。     

基于供销合作社系统的武汉市农产品流通对策研究

为充分利用供销合作社网络完善武汉市农产品流通供应链体系,文章对供销合作总社近10年来的销售业绩进行提取分析,结果表明:供销社是流通领域中符合体制内运作的重要组织,在农产品流通领域中是解决"买难"、"卖难"的可行性方案,是符合农民利益和提高农民收入的重要路径;创建以供销合作社为核心的农产品交易体系,必将对武汉市的农产品流通具有非常显著的促进作用;供销合作社所占有的市场份额所形成的品牌效应将对农产品流通体系的完善有着直接的正向促进作用。以供销合作社作为研究视角,并提出基于武汉市供销合作社的农产品流通系统需要从建立农产品加工生产专用服务体系、加快供销合作社的农产品流通速度以及合理开发农产品流通电商营销渠道等3个方面入手,减少不必要的生产销售环节的同时,加强各供销合作社的合作规模,以切实建立起便利惠民的农产品流通体系,实现再生产环节中农户经济权益的有效保护。