An Empirical Investigation of U.S. Firms in Reorganization

The purpose of this paper is to understand the institutional features of Chapter 11 from an empirical examination of thirty firms that have emerged from reorganization. We find the recontracting framework of Chapter 11 to be complex, lengthy, and costly. Violations of absolute priority in favor of stockholders are frequently encountered. These deviations may result from the bargaining process of Chapter 11 or from a recontracting process between creditors and stockholders which recognizes the ability of stockholder-oriented management to preserve firm value. An example of such recontracting addresses Myers' underinvestment problem. An investigation of the effects of Chapter 11 on the pricing of risky debt is also provided.     

美国经济衰退的国际相关性实证研究

本文采用事件窗口分析方法,研究美国近7次经济衰退与主要发达国家、亚洲四小龙的关系。发现美国经济衰退的国际相关性是动态变化的,其中1973年、1980年和2001年是国际相关性最高的3次衰退;新一轮经济周期当中东亚四小龙金融变量与美国高度相关,超过了实体经济变量与美国的相关性。此外,本文还分析了美国与其他国家或地区经济衰退的领先、滞后关系。     

美国银行业账户管理费实证研究

本文分析美国不同规模银行账户管理费的定价差异和规律,在基于统计数据的基础上发现:对于支票账户,大银行、小银行支票账户余额要求与账户管理费水平之间呈正相关关系,大银行采取的是"低起点、高余额、高账户管理费"的定价策略,而小银行采取的是"高起点、低余额、低账户管理费"的定价策略;对于储蓄账户,大银行储蓄账户开户起点与账户管理费、资产规模之间呈正相关关系,而小银行呈负相关关系,大银行采取的是"低起点、低利率、高余额、低账户管理费"定价策略,小银行采取的是"高起点、高利率、低余额、高账户管理费"定价策略.美国银行业账户管理费的做法对我国银行业的经营实践具有一定的借鉴意义.     

国际税收协定解释规则新论

税收协定属于双边性国际条约,其解释要遵循国际法上关于条约解释的一般国际法规则和习惯;同时,各国在实践中又形成了自己独具特色的解释规则。各国在解释税收协定时是否适用条约法公约主要与该国是否为公约的签字国、相关税收协定是否在条约法公约生效后缔结、实践中是否区分税收协定与非税收条约的解释等因素有关。但是,各国也必须尊重OECD范本注释、UN范本注释和相互协商协议所体现的共同解释,应当认识到税收协定虽有其特性及特殊规则,但《维也纳条约法公约》仍然适用并应得到广泛的应用。     

在美上市中国概念股会计问题研究

自2010年底以来,部分在美上市中国概念股因会计问题遭受质疑而被停牌或退市,引起社会各界广泛关注。本文深入分析了遭受会计质疑的在美上市中国概念股的公司特征、涉嫌会计违规的表面和深层次原因,并从企业自身、中介机构、监管部门等角度提出相应对策建议。     

风险与外商直接投资简

外商直接投资已经被视作企业在全球扩张中的一种典型方式。通过吸收国外资金,技术或者管理经验,外商直接投资已经成为所在国家经济发展的潜在催化剂。与此同时,外国公司和他们的公司所属国也将会从外商直接投资中获得更大的利益,更低的成本等等。所以,这就不难看出外商直接投资已经日益成为一种对两国经济发展双赢的投资方式。然而,在对外投资的过程中,外国企业以及公司所属国家不得不面对一些问题,那就是如何将风险最小化。事实上,在这个过程中,风险是多种多样的,例如,政治风险,经济风险,汇率风险以及法律风险,所有的这些都将会影响外商直接投资的方向因为它将会导致企业的盈利能力下降。通过基于于1984年至2007年间,美国企业对全球43个发展中国家投资的固定样本数据作为参考,本文的实证结果能够统计地证实风险与外商直接投资流存在反向关系。     

An Empirical Examination of U.K. International Unit Trust Performance

We examine the performance of U.K. unit trusts with international equity objectives between January 1985 and December 2000 using four international factor models. The international version of the Carhart (1997) model performs the best in explaining the cross-section of international stock returns. There is little evidence of superior performance by international trusts relative to the global models. We also find that the choice between a local and global version of the Carhart model has a significant impact on the relation between the investment sector of the trust and performance.JEL classification: G10, G12     

美国财政赤字、国际投资头寸与美元汇率的实证分析

本文以1986-2008年的美国统计数据为例,通过建立VAR模型,利用格兰杰因果检验、协整检验和脉冲函数及方差分解对美国财政赤字、国际投资头寸与美元汇率的关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明,美国财政赤字是引起国际投资净债务头寸的原因,并且有较大的贡献度和正的冲击效应;国际投资头寸也是美元汇率的格兰杰原因,对美元汇率有负的冲击效应,贡献度较小。     

An Empirical Investigation of Herding Behavior in the U.S. REIT Market

Our study investigates the market-wide herding behavior in the U.S. equity REIT market. Utilizing the quantile regression method, we find that herding is more likely to be present in the high quantiles of the REIT return dispersion. This implies that REIT investors tend to herd under turbulent market conditions. Our results also support the asymmetry of herding behaviors, that is, herding is more likely to occur and becomes stronger in declining markets than in rising markets. In addition, our findings show that the current financial crisis has caused a change in the circumstances under which herding can occur, as we find that during the current crisis REIT investors may not start to herd until the market becomes extremely turbulent whereas during the relatively normal period before the crisis, investors tend to herd when the market is moderately turbulent. Finally, we find that compared with the case of the ‘pre-modern’ era, REIT investors are more likely to herd in the ‘modern’ era, during which herding usually occurs when the market becomes tumultuous. This implies that the switch of REITs from passive externally managed entities into active self-managed ones has made the investors more responsive to market sentiment.     

The Evidence on Product-Market Diversifying Acquisitions and Joint Ventures by U.S. Banks

We examine the acquisition and joint venture strategies of U.S. banks from 1980 to 1998 to diversify into non-banking sectors. We find that the market responds favorably to both types of expansions, with the gains being shared between acquiring banks and their targets and venture banks and their non-bank partners, respectively. Acquisitions expose acquiring banks to significant increases in nonsystematic, market, and total risk, while joint ventures result in significant decreases in the nonsystematic and total risk measures for participating banks. Our results suggest that product-market expansions, in general, provide U.S. banks with value-enhancing opportunities, and that joint ventures may improve both the return and risk characteristics of the partner banks.     

Information Asymmetries and Security Market Design: An Empirical Study of the Secondary Market for U.S. Government Securities

This paper examines the empirical implications of an information asymmetry between primary and secondary dealers in the U.S. Government Securities market. This asymmetry arises because primary dealers are permitted to trade through all brokers operating in the marketplace while secondary dealers are restricted to trade through only a subset of brokers. Brokers distribute valuable information over video screens to their trading clients including dealers' up-to-date bid-ask spreads and recent transaction prices. As such, all brokers' video screen information is available to primary dealers, while only a subset of brokers' information is available to secondary dealers. Empirical analyses detect the resulting information asymmetry.     

会计师事务所税务咨询业务分析

随着我国税收法制化建设进程的加快,税务机关执法的刚性逐年强化,纳税人事后协调解决税务问题的可能性和效果越来越小,企业纳税人事先、事中和事后进行税务咨询的需求也越来越迫切。会计师事务所作为鉴证企业会计业务处理是否合规的中介机构,能否为纳税人提供税务咨询,以及如何提供税务咨询服务?本文试图从会计师事务所开拓税务咨询业务的意义、纳税人需求的税务咨询内容分类和做法等方面,说明会计师事务所开拓税务咨询服务的必要性、可行性和操作性。会计师事务所开拓税务咨询的意义1.会计师事务所开拓税务咨询业务可以提高事务所整体全面…     

中美双边汇率对美国消费价格传递效应的实证研究

人民币升值的价格传递效果是近年来的一个研究热点。已有学者利用人民币汇率变动与关国对我国进口价格指数等数据进行研究,得出了人民币汇率变动的价格传递极低的结论。本文选择美国与我国贸易品相关性较高的消费品价格指数,利用2005年7月至2008年10月之间的月度数据,采用Johsen＆Juselius协整检验、误差修正模型分析汇改以来人民币汇率升值期间中关双边名义汇率变动的价格传递效应。研究发现中关双边名义汇率波动对美国消费物价的影响是显著的,长短期传递系数分别为O．1871、0．1917,并在此研究中得到几点政策启示。     

U.S. International Equity Investment

Using a comprehensive data set of all U.S. investment in foreign equities, we find that the single most important determinant of the amount of U.S. investment a foreign firm receives is whether the firm cross‐lists on a U.S. exchange. Correcting for selection biases, cross‐listing leads to a doubling (or more) in U.S. investment, an impact greater than all other factors combined. Much of this increased U.S. investment is purchased in the foreign market, implying that the cross‐listing effect reflects something more fundamental about a firm than easier acquisition of its securities. We also demonstrate that cross‐listing is an important determinant of U.S. international investment at the country level and describe easy‐to‐implement methods for including a cross‐listing variable as an endogenous control.     

Pricing U.S. Dollar Index Futures Options: An Empirical Investigation

This paper develops a pricing model and empirically tests the pricing efficiency of options on the U.S. Dollar Index (USDX) futures contract. Empirical tests of the model indicate that the market consistently overprices these options relative to the derived model. This overpricing is more pronounced for out‐of‐the‐money options than for in‐the‐money options and more pronounced for put options than for call options. To validate the above results, delta neutral portfolios are created for one‐ and two‐day holding periods and consistently generate positive arbitrage profits, indicating that on average the market overprices the options on the USDX futures contracts.     

Do Emerging Market Firms Follow Different Dividend Policies From U.S. Firms?

We find that emerging market firms exhibit dividend behavior similar to U.S. firms, in the sense that dividends are explained by profitability, debt, and the market‐to‐book ratio. However, empirical dividend policy equations are structurally different, indicating different sensitivities to these variables. Additionally, emerging market firms seem to be more affected by asset mix, which seems to be due to their greater reliance on bank debt. Overall, country factors are as important in dividend policies as previous studies find them to be in capital structure decisions.     

论税务行政诉讼中经验法则的适用

经验法则作为“替代性”事实的推定根据,为厘清税务行政诉讼应税事实提供了补充渠道。由于缺乏明确的适用规则,且兼具抽象性与隐蔽性特征,其司法适用难免心证滥觞之非。为纾解经验法则在交易实质判定中的现实困境,有必要匡正经验法则的概念定义;通过因果规律的诠释和法律证明责任理论的肯认,论证其对应税行为性质的证明价值;借助推论规则和陈述形态的勘验,梳理经验法则税案适用的推理逻辑。同时,以税收法定原则为指引,以证据规则为约束,以最高人民法院指导案例和理由公开规则为制度保障,对经验法则在税务行政诉讼中的适用予以指引。     

美国国际投资头寸的规模与结构变迁

20世纪80年代以来,美国的对外债权和对外债务相对快速增长,由于对外债务的增速快于对外债权的增速,形成了庞大的美国国际投资净债务头寸,美国已经由一个对外净债权国演变成一个对外净债务国,而且对外净债务还在急速膨胀。美国政府部门对外净债务是美国对外净债务头寸的主要构成部分,外国政府部门则持有大部分对美国的净债券,正是庞大的美国政府财政赤字造成了美国的对外净债务,也正是外国政府部门持有的外汇储备支撑了美国政府的财政赤字。     

Going Public: An Empirical Investigation of U.S. Bound Israeli IPOs

Between 1985–2003, more than 120 Israeli companies went public in the U.S., bringing the accumulated number of U.S. bound, Israeli initial public offerings (IPOs) to a figure greater than all other foreign countries combined. In this study, we compare the short and long run performance of Israeli IPOs to that of similar international and U.S. IPOs. Holding all else equal, we find that Israeli IPOs are significantly less underpriced than their local and foreign counterparts. As we examine the characteristics of Israeli issuers, we find that they differ than those of other foreign and local issuers in some important dimensions that compensate investors for information asymmetry and risk. First, compared to their home market capitalization size, U.S. bound Israeli IPOs, are significantly larger than the IPOs conducted by their foreign counterparts. Second, Israeli issuers tend to perform better than other foreign and U.S. local IPOs during our entire period of observation. Third, to a large extent, the Israeli firms in our sample have products, licensing or franchising relationships or venture capital funds with strong roots in the U.S. prior to the IPO. And fourth, the relevant investor community of Israeli IPOs, at least at the early stages, is small and overwhelmingly American. Our findings are consistent with prior studies documenting that firms raising capital outside of their domicile country are typically a select group of high quality firms in need of external financing that cannot be sufficiently provided in their home market.