基于竞赛模型的研发联盟资本投入博弈分析

深入研究了具有一定市场风险的、多企业参与新产品开发的研发投入问题。根据联盟结构和联盟成员收益分配方式,将联盟合作分为4种模式。研究结果显示:收益分配方式对联盟成员研发投入决策的影响大于联盟结构组成形式的影响;除跨功能联盟按研发投入比例分配收益时的联盟总研发投入随着联盟成员数的增加而增加外,其他3种模式下联盟总研发投入都随着联盟成员数的增加而减少;当联盟成员拥有更多的互补资源时,联盟的总研发投入量更多。     

企业内部研发与产学研合作关系研究——基于Lotka-Volterra模型

借用生物数学中的Lotka-Volterra模型,探讨研发资源配置竞争下产学研合作与企业内部研发关系。结果表明:1企业内部研发和产学研合作之间的替代或互补关系受到不同模式最大创新收益及模式间竞争强度的影响;2一种研发模式要想在竞争中战胜另一种研发模式,以绝对优势胜出,需具备初期创新收益高的优势;3有限研发资源约束下企业内部研发与产学研合作的替代互补关系并不稳定,开放式研发资源系统有利于二者互补关系的稳定;4竞争强度降低可促使企业内部研发和产学研合作经过动态转换后保持互补关系,但创新收益会随着竞争强度不同而改变。     

新产品开发的知识主体分析

从知识管理角度来看,新产品开发的过程就是一个知识创造的过程。这个过程包括多个知识主体:研发企业、供应商、竞争者、用户、科研/咨询机构等。首先基于知识创造理论分析了新产品开发中的知识流,并在这个基础上探讨了各个知识主体在新产品开发过程中的知识作用,进而运用改进的基于企业学习能力的企业研发合作契约稳定性模型,对企业—供应商和企业—科研/咨询机构进行了初步探讨。     

企业内部研发与产学研合作关系研究

借用生物数学中的Lotka-Volterra模型,探讨研发资源配置竞争下产学研合作与企业内部研发关系。结果表明：①企业内部研发和产学研合作之间的替代或互补关系受到不同模式最大创新收益及模式间竞争强度的影响;②一种研发模式要想在竞争中战胜另一种研发模式,以绝对优势胜出,需具备初期创新收益高的优势;③有限研发资源约束下企业内部研发与产学研合作的替代互补关系并不稳定,开放式研发资源系统有利于二者互补关系的稳定;④竞争强度降低可促使企业内部研发和产学研合作经过动态转换后保持互补关系,但创新收益会随着竞争强度不同而改变。     

外部研发合作广度与新产品开发绩效：一个有调节的中介模型

基于企业外部合作伙伴分布广泛的特点,从外部研发合作广度的两个维度（市场广度和研究广度）出发,选取2010—2018年160家中国制造业上市企业数据,运用多元回归分析法探讨外部研发合作广度对企业新产品开发绩效的影响。结果表明,外部研发合作的市场广度和研究广度正向影响新产品开发绩效,其中,研究广度的作用更为显著;网络学习在外部研发合作广度对新产品开发绩效的影响机制中存在部分中介作用;知识库同质性正向调节外部研发合作广度与网络学习的关系。结论丰富了新产品开发绩效前因变量研究,对企业制定外部研发合作战略,提升新产品开发绩效具有重要管理启示。     

新产品开发团队成员的合作绩效研究

在强调知识和核心竞争力的时代，研究新产品开发团队的内部合作是很有意义的。很多企业已经注意到这个问题，并已经开始采用多种团队内部合作机制来实践，特别是采用跨功能的新产品开发团队进行跨功能的合作与整合。本研究从知识管理的角度，出发去探讨团队合作对新产品开发绩效的影响，并探讨了其中的影响因素及这些影响因素所起的作用。     

产学研合作研发项目关键成功因素实证研究

产学研合作研发作为我国自主创新战略实施的重要组成部分,对提高我国创新能力、促进产业转型和经济发展具有重要作用。在对以往研究分析的基础上,从治理视角构建了产学研合作研发项目关键成功因素模型。通过对171份问卷调查数据的多元回归分析,验证了项目技术负责人因素、行政管理者因素、项目团队因素和企业治理环境因素对产学研合作研发项目成功的影响,有利于高层管理者抓住产学研合作研发项目管理重点,加强对其管控和监督,从而提高研发项目绩效。     

企业自主研发与产学研合作创新的互动研究——基于能力互补和吸收能力的视角

企业内部自主研发与产学研合作创新之间的互补与替代关系并存,但互补性得到了更多研究的论证。基于现有研究对两类研发活动互动关系还缺少更为深入的探讨,文章从能力互补观和吸收能力观的视角构建了企业自主研发、产学研合作研发等关键构念之间的模型关系图,提出了产学研合作创新能够促进企业形成核心技术知识、两类研发活动的相互协同和企业创新绩效提高等研究命题。通过广东科达机电的纵向案例研究,考察了企业自主研发与产学研合作创新之间的动态互动过程。研究发现,企业内部自主研发与产学研合作创新之间的互动、企业的创业导向与吸收能力有助于提升企业的内部研发效率,促进其创新能力由低阶向高阶演化。科达机电的案例研究深化了对后发企业技术能力追赶机制的理解。     

德国支持企业私营部门研发创新促进产学研合作的政策措施

作为世界公认的创新型国家之一,德国联邦政府构建了具有自身特色的企业为主体、产学研密切结合的国家创新体系,形成了一系列行之有效的促进“经济与科技结合”的政策措施.各类企业已成为德国研发创新活动的主体,是研发创新投入的主要力量.围绕德国联邦政府支持企业私营部门研发创新及促进产学研合作相关政策开展了综合研究,并对其主要内容和特色进行了归纳总结.     

研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究

本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。     

Strategic Product R&D Investment Policy under International Rivalry in the Presence of Demand Spillover Effects

Abstract

We develop a model of product (i.e., quality-improving) research and development (R&D) investment competition in a horizontally differentiated duopoly. In particular, based on a third-country market model, we consider the optimal product R&D investment policy under international rivalry in the presence of demand spillover effects associated with improving the quality level of a product. We show how the optimality of a non-cooperative and a cooperative R&D investment policy depends on the strength of demand spillover effects. Furthermore, we consider the same issues in the case of heterogeneous consumers and alternative utility functions.     

税收优惠与企业创新绩效 ——基于研发投入和非研发创新投入的双重中介效应

税收优惠政策对企业创新绩效的影响广受关注,其传导机制更是一个有待深入探讨的问题。基于2000-2015年全国规模以上工业企业的省级面板数据,采用中介效应分析方法,研究税收优惠对企业创新绩效的影响,并运用面板门槛模型对两者之间的非线性关系进行探讨。结果表明:税收优惠一方面可以直接对创新绩效产生正向推动作用,另一方面可以通过研发投入和非研发创新投入发挥部分中介效应,间接提高企业的创新绩效,中介效应值为39.5%,且两者还存在着正向的协同效应。同时这种内在的传导机制存在着区域异质性:对于东部沿海地区而言,研发投入和非研发创新投入同时发挥中介效应;但是对于中西部地区而言,非研发创新投入的中介效应不显著。而且税收优惠对企业创新绩效的促进效果并非一成不变,而是随着研发投入和非研发创新投入的逐渐增加呈递增态势。因此,进一步地加大税收优惠力度的同时,合理规划自主研发和外源技术的资金安排,有利于实现企业创新绩效的最大化。     

Assessing the influence of differentiation strategy and R&D subsidies on R&D cooperation

This paper explores the R&D cooperation determinants of the innovative companies belonging to the Spanish manufacturing sector. Our findings suggest that the variable R&D subsidy is endogenous, significant, and has a strong positive influence on R&D cooperation. This is a clear indication that the achievement of public aid is often conditioned by the obligation for companies to cooperate in R&D. We have also found that the differentiation strategy variable is significant and has a negative influence on R&D cooperation. Companies positioned in a differentiation strategy probably own and use some different knowledge from other companies. Consequently, they will not have much interest in taking advantage of the spillovers generated by other companies. It is therefore logical that they are reluctant to establish cooperation agreements on R&D. Therefore, companies positioned in the differentiation strategy need public policies to support R&D that are not conditioned to the establishment of cooperation agreements.     

Location factors of international R&D activities: an econometric approach

A model is developed of the relation between adoption of an innovation by firms and firm size. Decision making is represented as a group assessment of the perceived ratio between expected returns after succesful introduction, and the risk that implementation will fail or will last too long to makc adoption worth while. In view of differences in thc assessment of uncertainty and corresponding demands on the perceived return-to-risk ratio, among influencers of decisions in the firm, decision making is taken as stochastic, with a probability of adoption related to (objective) net benefits, and probability of non-adoption related to risk. The model gives a new way of looking at the fact that small firms lag behind in the adoption of new technology. In contrast with previous models proposed by David and Davies the explanation has nothing to do with there being some critical size below which adoption is not profitable. The present model explains the adoption lag for smaller firms as the result of expected returns being proportional to size while risk of failed implementation is independent of size. The model is tested and estimated empirically on data for the adoption of computers in small scale retailing, in the Netherlands.     

Corporate Tax Incentives for R&D Investment in OECD Countries

Differentiating internal equity from debt finance, this study examines the generosity of R&D-specific tax incentives in OECD countries based on an NPV model. The corporate tax system generally favours debt finance and some previous findings on the possible preponderance of internal equity for financing R&D investment cannot be explained in relation to R&D-specific tax concessions. The OECD comparison demonstrates that R&D tax allowances adopted in the Czech Republic, Belgium, the UK, Denmark, Hungary, Austria and Australia generated the most substantial tax savings in 2006. Combined with such incentives, the after-tax NPV increases with the corporate tax rate, suggesting stronger investment stimulation through a tax-rate-increase-cum-base-broadening policy.     

R&D cooperation with scientific institutions: a difference-in-difference approach

Economists and business managers have long been interested in the impact of research and development (R&D) cooperation with scientific institutions on the innovation performance of firms. Recent research identifies a positive correlation between these two variables. This paper aims to contribute to the identification of the relationship between R&D cooperation with scientific institutions and the product and process innovation performance of firms by using a difference-in-difference approach. In doing so, we distinguish between two different types of scientific institutions: universities and governmental research institutes. For the econometric analyses, we use data from the German Community Innovation Survey. In total, data from up to 560 German service and manufacturing firms are available for the difference-in-difference analyses. The results suggest that R&D cooperation with universities and governmental research institutes has a positive effect on both product innovation and process innovation performance of firms.     

家族企业的控制目标、盈利目标与研发投入

以2011—2016年中国沪深两市家族企业为样本,采用二手数据Tobit回归方法,研究了家族企业控制目标和盈利目标的实现与否对研发投入的影响。结果显示:供应商对家族企业的威胁越大,家族企业管理者为了实现控制目标越倾向于增加研发投入;家族企业管理者对盈利目标和控制目标的重视遵循注意力顺序理论,即当盈利目标未实现时,家族企业管理者更关注盈利状况,较少关注控制威胁,因此会减少研发投入;当盈利目标实现后,家族企业管理者才关注控制威胁、增加研发投入;家族企业的资源禀赋优势有助于控制目标的实现。     

我国新型研发机构治理与成果转化模式特点分析及建议

近年来随着我国科技体制改革的不断推进和丰富,将产学研有效结合的新型研发机构在多个省市快速发展。为进一步了解目前我国新型研发机构的发展现状,明确其组织属性和特点,梳理我国新型研发机构的主流治理结构,本文对我国目前的新型研发机构的组建模式、治理模式和成果转化模式进行重点研究。在协同创新模式上,结合宏观的政策环境以及具体的市场环境,把握当前新型研发机构的建设现状,对此展开较为深入系统的研究。     

R&D,export and investment decision: evidence from European firms

This article provides an empirical investigation of the mechanism through which R&D influences export and tangible investment decisions. The analysis is based on a large representative and cross-country comparative sample of manufacturing firms across seven European countries. The novelty of this work lies in the three aspects. First, we expand the results on the R&D–export and R&D–investment relationships to a wide sample of cross-European firms. This differentiates from previous works based on single-country samples. Second, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in years which assess empirically the relationship between R&D and tangible investment at the micro level. Third, we control for endogeneity of R&D and simultaneity in firms’ decision whether to export and carry out tangible investment. The results of the analysis suggest that R&D positively affects export propensity and tangible investment. The results also reveal that neglecting endogeneity and simultaneity issues leads to underestimate the effect of R&D to both export and investment propensities.