Current-Account Reversals in Developing Countries: The Role of Fundamentals

This paper studies episodes of current-account reversal in developing countries (DCs) in the period 1965–1994. First, a number of persistent shifts (reversals) in the current-account balance dynamics are identified by structural break and segmented trend tests; then, the relationship between these reversals and a set of fundamentals suggested by the intertemporal approach to the current account is investigated in a panel-data set-up. We find that fundamentals play a different role in episodes of persistent deterioration or improvement of the current-account balance in DCs.     

Terms of Trade Shocks and the Current Account: Evidence from Five Industrial Countries

What is the effect of shocks to the terms of trade on a country's current account position? The Harberger-Laursen-Metzler effect predicts that an adverse shock to the terms of trade will worsen the current account balance; in contrast, the prediction of intertemporal models of the current account is dependent on the duration of the shock. This paper examines several features of the terms of trade series of five OECD countries, and the relationship between terms of trade shocks and the current account balance. Median shocks to the terms of trade are found to be highly persistent, yet with a large transitory component, and to account for only a small share of the variability of current account balances in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In contrast, terms of trade shocks are found to account for a relatively large proportion of the variability of current account balances in Australia and New Zealand.

     

Durable Goods,Time Preference and The Dynamics of the Current Account

A small open economy model with an endogenous time preference is used to study the current account dynamics when consumption exhibits durability. There is a unique level of instantaneous utility and stock of durables that must be maintained in the steady state. A terms of trade deterioration requires a net asset accumulation and a fall in consumption expenditures along the adjustment path. Nevertheless, the fall in consumption expenditures leads to a fall in the stock of durables, which has to be corrected somewhere along the adjustment path, and which may lead to a non-monotonic adjustment of the current account (J-curve).

全球经济失衡的可持续性与经济危机——基于经常账户平稳性的视角

根据跨期均衡分析方法,经常账户是否具有平稳性,为全球经济失衡是否具有可持续性提供了一种研究视角.论文选取了20个具有代表性的经济体的经常账户作为样本,在IPS检验和MW检验的基础上,采用递归式面板单位根检验,来验证经济账户的平稳性及这种平稳性的稳健性.结果发现,2007年经常账户的平稳性出现突变,这意味着全球经济失衡呈现出不可持续的状态,从而为次贷危机和金融危机的爆发寻求了一种合理的解释.     

The Determinants of Intrafirm Trade: In Search for Export-Import Magnification Effects

This paper studies the determinants of Austrian bilateral intrafirm trade in a panel of industry-level intrafirm goods trade flows. Economic size, unit labor costs and the magnification effects originating from multiple border crossing of sequentially finished products are found to be the most important determinants of trade within multinational firms. Especially, our evidence lends support to multiple border crossing of sequentially finished products, an argument that has recently been put forward in the outsourcing literature. JEL no. F14, C33     

金融危机背景下国家主权信用评级影响因素分析——基于27个OECD国家面板数据的研究

本文利用27个OECD国家1999~2012年378个面板数据,对主权信用评级结果可能产生影响的因素进行实证分析。研究发现,人均GDP、GDP增长率和经常账户余额的增加会令国际评级机构调高一个国家的主权信用评级;政府债务负担的累积、失业率增加和通货膨胀率的上升会令国际评级机构下调一个国家的主权信用评级;而政府出现的财政盈余或是赤字并不会显著地令评级机构上调或是下调评级结果。国际评级机构的评级行为能够体现一定的公允性和公信力,在对欧债危机爆发最严重的5个国家进行评级时并不存在恶意下调的举动。     

Trade Costs,Trade Balances and Current Accounts: An Application of Gravity to Multilateral Trade

In this paper we test the well-known hypothesis of Obstfeld and Rogoff (NBER Macroeconomics Annual 7777:339–390, 2000) that trade costs are the key to explaining the so-called Feldstein–Horioka puzzle. Our approach has a number of novel features. First, we focus on the interrelationship between trade costs, the trade account and the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle. Second, we use the gravity model to estimate the effect of trade costs on bilateral trade and, third, we show how bilateral trade can be used to draw inferences about desired trade balances and desired intertemporal trade. Our econometric results provide strong support for the Obstfeld and Rogoff hypothesis and we are also able to reconcile our results with the so-called home bias puzzle.

PPP in OECD Countries: An Analysis of Real Exchange Rate Stationarity, Cross-Sectional Dependency and Structural Breaks

The stationarity of OECD real exchange rates over the period 1972?C2008 is tested using a panel of 26 member countries. The methodology followed stems from the need to meet several key concerns: (i) the identification of which panel members are stationary; (ii) the presence of cross-sectional dependence among the countries in the panel; and (iii) the identification of potential structural breaks that might have occurred at different points in time. To address these concerns, we employ a recent test that examines the time series properties of the data within a panel framework, namely the Hadri and Rao (Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 70: 245?C269, 2008) panel stationarity test. The real exchange rates of the 26 OECD countries are found to be stationary when considered as a panel, but only after allowing for endogenously-determined structural breaks and cross section dependence. We also find that once these structural breaks are removed from the underlying series, the half-life of shocks to the real exchange rate is much shorter than has been calculated in earlier studies.     

对当前新疆经济运行形势的分析与判断

百年不遇的全球金融危机、区内经济长期积累的深层次矛盾和乌鲁木齐“7·5”事件给新疆经济带来了显著影响。当前,新疆经济运行正处在企稳回升的关键时期,对当前新疆经济形势进行分析和判断具有重要的现实意义。本文在分析判断2009年前三季度新疆经济运行情况和存在的主要问题的基础上,结合2010年新疆经济运行环境和面临的有利、不利条件,研究提出了做好2010年新疆经济工作的对策建议。     

日本对东盟直接投资新发展及其影响要素的实证研究

21世纪以来日本对东盟的直接投资在投资规模、国别分布和行业结构等方面呈现出显著变化。文章对影响日本向东盟直接投资的内、外部要素进行了六大假设和预期,运用2000～2010年的相关数据对各种影响因素的作用方向和作用程度进行了多元统计分析和实证分析并得出结论。预计短期内日本仍将重视在东盟传统产业的投资,长期看东盟也将是日本未来新兴产业投资转移在亚洲的主要承接区,并将成为中国引入优质日资的有力竞争对手。     

The role of China in global external imbalances: Some further evidence

The large imbalances in the current account positions of the US and the Asian economies are seen by most scholars as the main threat to an orderly development of the global economy. While the opinions on the most likely evolution of these imbalances and on their sustainability do differ across observers, ranging from catastrophic to rather optimistic views, almost all agree that some adjustment will have to take place in the near future, and that this adjustment will involve, among other things, a rebalancing of saving and demand across the globe. As an outcome of this process, China shall increasingly supplement the US in the role of engine of global economic growth.Using a global macroeconometric model, we examine the impact on this adjustment process of a number of shocks originating in the Chinese economy, including an expansionary fiscal shock, a revaluation of the renmimbi, and an expansion of internal demand following an acceleration in the process of rural–urban migration. The analysis focuses on two related points: how will these shocks affect the medium-run evolution of transpacific imbalances, and what will their impact be on global economic growth. The simulations allow us to track the impact of these shocks on the different poles of the world economy, and to assess their relative contribution to the task of reducing global imbalances without interrupting global economic growth.     

International oil price changes: impact of oil prices on growth and inflation in the EU/OECD

This paper uses an open economy DSGE model to analyse the short and long run quantitative impact of a permanent oil price increase for output and inflation in the euro area and compares the results to the predictions of other models currently in use. Special emphasis is devoted to the issue of stagflation. It is found that with standard monetary feedback rules as currently estimated for the euro area, there is no severe inflation risk. The paper also addresses the issue to what extent there is a short run trade off between inflation and output with an adverse supply shock.The views expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author and should not be attributed to the European Commission.     

现状与展望:2020年度政治学学科研究的可视化分析

政治学学科综述早已有之,本文是对年度性研究综述缺乏持续性问题的一种回应和补充。借助CiteSpace知识图谱分析工具,聚焦和分析了2020年度政治学学科研究热点主题、年度发文量、高产作者、高产发文机构、高频被引论文,在把握年度研究现状的基础之上,结合当前我国政治学研究的实际情况,对我国政治学学科研究从本土化转向、发展学术共同体、主要研究议题等方面内容做出展望。     

Irish Manufacturing Export Dynamics: Evidence of Exporter Heterogeneity in Boom and Slump Periods

This paper explores export dynamics, using an unbalanced plant-level panel data set of Irish manufacturing plants between 1985 and 2003. The analysis focuses closely on two periods: one of exceptional export growth and one of significant export decline. We find strong evidence of exporter heterogeneity, as measured by individual exporter behaviour running contrary to aggregate trend, in both boom and slump years. The degree of heterogeneity differs markedly by sub-sector and firm size. Despite high levels of entry/exit into and out of export markets in the boom/slump, the export dynamics are dominated by the export activities of continuing exporters. JEL no. E32, F14     

Earnings,Book Values,and Dividends in Equity Valuation: An Empirical Perspective*

This paper revisits Ohlson 1995 to make a number of points not generally appreciated in the literature. First, the residual income valuation (RIV) model does not serve as a crucial centerpiece in the analysis. Instead, RIV plays the role of condensing and streamlining the analysis, but without any effect on the substantive empirical conclusions. Second, the concept of “other information” in the model can be given concrete empirical content if one presumes that next‐period expected earnings are observable.     

Economics of Crime: Panel Data Analysis of Bank Robbery in the United States

This paper examines the determinants of bank robbery in the United States using a rational choice model. Panel data estimation techniques were used to analyze the data for all 50 states and the District of Columbia from 1990 through 2000. A random-effects model emerged as the most appropriate estimating model for costs and benefits of bank robbery. Among the significant determinants of the rate of bank robbery were the unemployment rate and amount of loot. The findings suggest that the rational choice model is a suitable framework for examining bank robbery. However, if we are to draw useful policy conclusions, better data are needed to accurately measure the opportunity costs of bank robbery. (JEL C23, K42)     

Risk Related Non Linearities in Exchange Rates: Evidence from a Panel of Central and Eastern European Countries

This paper investigates the recent evolution of five Eastern European exchange rates. Our aim is twofold: to provide an up-to-date view of the predictability and main relations of spot rates with economic fundamentals and to derive some considerations about exchange rate regimes, capital flows, and risk appetite. We propose a non-linear specification where the non-linearity refers to the effect of the interest rate differential. The paper supports the view that given the relevance of capital flows and their sensitivity to risk adjusted yield differentials, the choice of exchange rate regime should be a matter of careful strategy.