发展水产品生产为保障食物安全做贡献

渔业是我国大农业的重要组成部分.利用辽阔的海洋和内陆水域发展水产品生产,对保障食物安全,增加渔(农)民收入,建设小康社会有重要意义.渔业生产具有节地、节水、节能、节粮和自然增殖等特点.目前我国渔业发展总体态势良好,综合生产能力增强,经济运行质量提升.但仍需创新思路,真正树立起科学的发展观,在资源与环境管理等方面继续加强,为保障食物安全做出新的贡献.     

迎接“蓝色浪潮”保障食物安全

一、全球面对的新课题随着人口的增长和居民消费水平的提高,当前全球的动物类食品生产正在迅猛增长。与此同时,由于在动物类食品的生产、加工和流通过程中,不恰当地使用了许多对人体有害的肥料、饲料和药物,以及环境污染等原因,引发了动物的病害,威胁着人类的食品安全,特别是近几年发生的“疯牛病”、“疯羊病”、“禽流感”、“口蹄疫”、“二恶英”等,以及因食用不洁毛蚶而大面积暴发的“甲肝”和粮食与果蔬类食品的农药残留,使消费者在日常的食品消费中无所适从。在这种情况下,食物生产与消费的安全,已引起了各国政府和消费者…     

提高我国食物安全水平的对策建议

针对当前我国食物安全的现状,结合我国的特点,要解决好食物生产与居民营养健康的关系、实现食物数量安全与食物质量安全的协调发展,解决居民健康存在的安全隐患,今后应着重从以下几个方面着手。一、不断提高食物综合生产能力,确保食物数量安全1.抓好良种工程建设。农业良种工程是提高农业科技含量,促进农业发展的基础性和公益性工程。要     

水利基建投资对我国区域经济增长贡献差异研究

基于2005—2009年水利基建投资与国民经济数据,采用弹性系数定量分析水利基建投资与我国国民经济发展之间的关系,探讨水利基建投资对我国区域经济增长贡献的差异。结果表明:水利基建投资对我国国民经济发展贡献显著,水利基建投资对区域经济增长贡献,西部大于中部,中部大于东部,水利基建投资对西部地区的经济增长起着显著的推动作用。     

我国食物安全的短期预测与预警研究

本文利用VAR模型和主成份分析法,对我国1980—2003年的食物安全进行了总体评价,在此基础上对未来我国食物安全状况进行了预测和预警。     

我国食物安全现状、问题与发展对策

我们通常用“民以食为天”来阐明食物安全对于一个国家的国计民生 ,经济发展和社会稳定的重要性。中国是世界上的人口大国 ,也是食物消费大国。解决我国的食物安全问题 ,对中国对整个世界都具有特别重要的意义。一、我国食物安全水平现状《九十年代中国食物结构改革与发展纲要》颁布以来 ,我国国民经济持续稳步发展 ,农业和农村经济发展进入了新阶段 ,实现了农产品供给由长期短缺到总量基本平衡、丰年有余的历史性转变 ,人民生活水平不断提高 ,推动了食物需求持续增长 ,全民营养状况得到全面改善。1、农产品数量稳步增长。新中国成立以来 ,…     

从国外禁运看我国的水产品质量管理

1.国外对我国动物源性产品的禁运始末因农药残留及水产加工、生产过程中的卫生问题,我国出口的动物源性食品屡遭禁运。去年9月份,欧盟因氯霉素残留问题将我国出口到欧盟的冻虾产品纳入其快速预警机制;今年1月31日,欧盟食物链与消费品管理委员会又正式通过决议,自2月1日起全面暂停从我国进口动物源性产品,从此     

我国贫困农村家庭食物安全状况及影响因素的实证研究

本文在深入分析食物安全、家庭食物安全内涵的基础上，利用12个国家挟贫重点县的农户调查资料，通过构建指标体系对我国贫困农村的家庭食物安全水平和程度进行衡量和评价，并对其影响因素进行了分析，结果表明：近20多年来，我国贫困农村地区的家庭食物安全水平不断提高，食物安全广度不断扩大，但是食物安全深度却出现下降；食物获得能力对家庭食物安全具有显著的正影响，提高贫困农村地区居民的收入水平和家庭粮食自给能力有助于降低家庭的食物不安全发生概率；食物可获得性对家庭食物安全具有非常显著的正影响，市场方便度越高，实现家庭食物安全的概率越高；家庭规模和家庭结构对家庭食物安全具有显著影响，随着家庭规模、家庭结构复杂程度和家庭温饱负担程度的提高，农户面临的食物不安全风险的概率也在增加。     

以质量安全为本推进水产品出口贸易

我国现已成为世贸组织的正式成员.加入世贸组织,标志着我国对外开放进入了一个新的阶段,政府和企业将面临更为现实的考验.如何抓住机遇,积极应对,切实做好出口水产品加工质量管理工作,开创水产品出口创汇的新局面,应做好以下工作.     

10 大力发展无公害水产品生产保障消费安全

无公害农产品产地认定和产品认证是农业部为推动农产品质量安全而采取的一个重要举措。烟台经济技术开发区农业与海洋渔业局将此项工作列入年度工作重点，成立了以分管局长为组长的无公害水产品产地认定和产品认证工作领导小组，落实了责任科室具体负责无公害水产品产地认定和产品认证工作。同时，加强渔业生产环境的治理和保护，     

Trade,policy, and food security

Food insecurity is extensive throughout the world and hunger and malnutrition are expected to remain serious humanitarian and political concerns, both in the short term and for the foreseeable future, particularly in low income developing countries where many rural and urban households are both income and asset poor. In those countries, domestic agricultural production is expected to be especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change over the next 30 years. Thus international markets for staple agricultural commodities, which have become increasingly important as sources of nutrition for both developing and developed countries over the past 60 years, are likely to become even more important in the future. Free trade policies allow countries to exploit their comparative advantages in economic activity, increasing average per capita incomes, longer term growth rates and a country's capacity to fund social safety nets for the poor. However, many countries abandoned those policies in favor of domestic protections in their efforts to mitigate the effects of short run food crises. The policy challenge is therefore to resolve the tension between optimal long run policies and short run initiatives to address food security concerns.     

中国渔业发展与水产品国际贸易

改革开放以来,中国渔业的发展举世瞩目,水产品总量居世界首位。作者从政策、方针、措施等方面阐述了中国渔业持续、快速、健康发展的根本原因及中国水产品在国际贸易方面取得的成就,同时也提出中国的渔业进入世界渔业大格局后应努力的方向     

从农产品国际贸易谈我国粮食安全的现状及策略选择

我国是一个人口众多、耕地紧张的发展中国家,粮食安全问题突出。虽然多年来政府通过政策手段保障了粮食生产的连续性,但是相较于不断提升的粮食消费,我国仍面临着较大的粮食缺口。此外,虽然多年来我国粮食产量一直保持稳定的增长态势,然而随着农业生产对自然资源的占用越来越多,自然资源的荷载能力已经不足于在更长时间内提供充足的粮食增长空间。因此,通过国际贸易的相关手段,来保障粮食安全,是我国目前应对粮食增产乏力的重要途径,也是长期战略。保障粮食安全,国内生产是基础,应当在现有条件下进一步完善种粮补贴制度,保障主粮的自给自足;国际贸易是补充,通过加大进口,丰富进口渠道与品种,降低对单一粮食进口市场的依赖度,来保障我国整体的粮食安全;加大对国际粮食市场的影响是战略高地,中资企业或机构应该利用资金与不断提升的技术优势在海外建立粮食基地,并通过政府间及民间合作来扩大对国际粮食市场的影响,参与国际粮食贸易的规则制定。     

加强镇江市水产品质量安全管理的思考

水产品质量安全问题已成为全社会关注的热点和焦点。近年来,镇江市加快了水产品质量安全建设步伐,并取得了初步成效,也积累了一定的经验。本文从水产生产特点出发,分析了影响水产品质量安全的主要因素,并针对现状,从构建水产品质量安全管理体系、明确水产品质量安全管理重点和规范水产品质量安全管理行为等三方面,提出了加强镇江市水产品质量安全建设和管理的应对措施。     

An empirical assessment of food security on First Nations in Canada

Using data generated from surveys conducted on First Nations throughout Canada, we use regression analysis to examine factors influencing food insecurity. To our knowledge, this is the first time a regression-based analysis has been conducted to examine food insecurity on First Nations in Canada. As expected, income is inversely related to the likelihood that one reports their household as experiencing food insecurity. In addition, individuals in extremely remote areas are more likely to report their household as experiencing food insecurity. Although traditional food consumption is prevalent, we do not find evidence that it is associated with reductions in the prevalence of self-reported household food insecurity. We find that gender and mental health are associated with perceived household food insecurity. Although this study is novel, for reasons and limitations detailed in the paper, it should be viewed as an initial effort to establish potential relationships that underscore one of the most important issues facing Canada: the high prevalence of food insecurity in First Nations communities.     

新发展格局下虚拟水流动对区域粮食安全的影响

选取2012—2020年中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,基于彭曼公式估算稻谷、小麦、玉米、大豆四大粮食作物的虚拟水含量和贸易流量,通过固定效应回归模型分析虚拟水流动对区域粮食安全的影响。结果表明：粮食作物的虚拟水含量在品种、空间上存在明显的差别,虚拟水从北方流向南且流动量逐年增加;虚拟水净调出量与区域粮食安全呈显著的倒“U”形关系,说明虚拟水在区域间的转移应存在一定限度;播种面积、人均水资源量、农业机械化水平和城镇化水平等因素对区域粮食安全均具有显著的影响。为此,提出了筑牢水利保障、优化种植结构、发展节水农业、提升粮食综合生产能力等保障区域粮食安全的对策建议。     

基于粮食安全视角的海洋农业发展价值分析

论文从粮食安全的视角分析了我国陆上粮食生产面临的挑战,阐释了现代食物观,认为维护我国粮食安全需要节流开源发展海洋农业,构建现代食物观,通过多种途径维护食物安全;论文阐述了海洋农业的基础地位,指出了其在完善农业产业链条、维护粮食安全体系完整等方面的基础性价值,并提出了发展我国海洋农业的政策建议。     

我国水产品海／淡比重对城镇居民额外消费支出的影响

我国水产品存在“质量”引致城镇居民额外消费支出现象,论文以Deaton理论为依据,利用VECM模型研究了海／淡产品结构对额外“质量”支出的影响。研究结果表明,海／淡比重调整是我国城镇居民“质量”消费支出增长的诱因,二者呈负相关关系,其中海水贝类与淡水甲壳类是导致该现象的重要因素。因此,一方面对水产品未来需要更全面和细分的价格监控,另一方面扩大海水产品比重（特别是贝类）有利于缓解城镇居民购买水产品时的额外支出增长。     

Floods,food security,and coping strategies: Evidence from Afghanistan

In this paper, we assess the long‐term effect of floods on food security (as measured by calorie and micronutrient consumption) by applying an instrumental variable approach to data from the Afghanistan National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment survey. To identify the determinants of this effect, we also estimate how floods affect per capita yearly household income and poverty status. We find that exposure to flooding during a 12‐month period decreased daily calorie consumption by approximately 60 kcal while increasing the probability of iron, vitamin A, and vitamin C deficiency by 11, 12, and 27 percentage points, respectively. Controlling for price shocks and income only marginally reduces this flood effect on food security, suggesting that impaired livelihoods (rather than price hikes) are its primary driver. We further determine that exposure to this natural disaster decreases income by about 3% and makes flood‐affected households about 3 percentage points more likely to be poor. Lastly, we show that experience of floods is strongly and significantly associated with lower diet quality and quantity, and with engaging in consumption smoothing coping strategies, such as buying food on credit and taking loans. These findings underscore the serious direct impact of floods on both diet and effective behavioral responses to such shocks while emphasizing the need for targeted micronutrient supplementation in disaster relief and food aid measures even after the period of natural disaster emergency.     

The impact of integrated livestock disease management for food security in Togo

In sub-Saharan Africa, livestock is one of the key channels through which most households meet their food security needs. However, diseases such as the African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) constrain productivity. Using data from 445 randomly sampled small-scale cattle farmers, this paper investigates the role of integrated livestock disease control on household food security. Using a novel approach to link different food security measures to cattle productivity, the paper identifies the channels of impact at the household level. Methodologically, the paper estimated the propensity score matching algorithm to net out the effect of adoption. The results show that households who adopt RDU have record livestock productivity and higher consumption per capita expenditures. They tend to be more food secure, experience lower seasonal food supply fluctuations and experience a lower probability of falling below the food poverty line.