商业信托会计监管问题的再思考

面对经济环境的深刻变化,我国商业信托会计监管表现出一定程度的滞后性,建立健全有效的会计监督制度已成为商业信托健康发展的当务之急。以新制度经济学理论为基础,从商业信托会计监管的角度,分析我国商业信托会计监管的现状与问题,是重构我国商业信托会计监管制度的有效途径。     

Application and Assessment of an Ethics Presentation for Accounting and Business Classes

This paper describes a presentation on ethics for accounting and business students. In 2001 and 2002, major corporate failures such as Enron and Worldcom, combined with questionable accounting practices, made ethics a paramount concern to persons working in business and accounting. While financial statement analysis and regulatory requirements are important technical topics, the issue of ethics provides faculty a unique and very appropriate setting to discuss deeper truths about doing business and living life well. This paper briefly describes the development and assessment of one approach to presenting ethics built around a computerized slide show (PowerPoint). The goal of the presentation is to increase students’ understanding of the essential role of ethics to accounting and business. Following the presentation, students indicated a heightened recognition of the importance of ethics. Educators should do all that they can to encourage students to do the “right” thing, even in difficult circumstances. This encouragement may serve them well in school and later in their careers.     

政府会计制度下高校涉税业务管理及核算研究

随着社会经济的发展和税收法律制度的完善,高校作为纳税义务主体,参与市场经济活动越来越多,提供现代服务和生活服务等应税业务的范围越来越广,业务量也越来越大,涉税业务已经成为高校日常业务管理的重要组成部分.如何做好纳税筹划,并在政府会计制度下开展会计核算,是涉税业务管理的重点和难点,本文从这些方面出发,针对高校这一经济主体...     

Ethical Theory and Business Practices: The Case of Discourse Ethics

By focusing on the reasoned debate in the discourse-ethical approach to business ethics, this paper discusses the possibilities and limitations of moral reasoning as well as applied economic and business ethics. Business ethics, it is contended, can be looked at from the standpoint of two criteria: justification and application. These criteria are used to compare three approaches: the Integrative Business Ethics, developed by Swiss philosopher Peter Ulrich, the Cultural Business Ethics of the Nuremberg School in German business ethics, and the concept of “Good Conservation” by Frederick Bird. It is argued that discourse-ethical approaches can be called upon for justifying moral principles. Improving the chances of their application, however, necessitates a good understanding of lifeworlds and culturally developed institutional settings. Bearing this in mind, further research perspectives stressing a linkage between discourse-ethical and critical approaches in social sciences are suggested.Dr. Thomas Beschorner is head of the research group “Social Learning and Sustainability” at University of Oldenburg, Germany and currently Visiting-Professor at McGill University, Montreal, Canada     

Creative Accounting: Some Ethical Issues of Macro- and Micro-Manipulation

Preparers of financial statements are in a position to manipulate the view of economic reality presented in those statements to interested parties. This paper examines two principal categories of manipulative behaviour. The term macro-manipulation is used to describe the lobbying of regulators to persuade them to produce regulation that is more favourable to the interests of preparers. Micro-manipulation describes the management of accounting figures to produce a biased view at the entity level. Both categories of manipulation can be viewed as attempts at creativity by financial statement preparers. The paper analyses two cases of manipulation. First, it describes a recent case of significant and successful lobbying against the accounting regulator in the USA. The second case examines some recent Spanish earnings manipulation to demonstrate the effects of biased reporting at the entity level. Both types of creativity are considered in an ethical context. The paper concludes that the manipulations described in it can be regarded as morally reprehensible. They are not fair to users, they involve an unjust exercise of power, and they tend to weaken the authority of accounting regulators.     

Some Evidence on the Ethical Disposition of Accounting Students: Context and Gender Implications

Research into the ethical disposition of students hasbeen popular in recent years. However, research intothe ethical disposition of accounting students inparticular has been sparse. Because of the uniquecharacteristics of those who choose to enter the fieldof accounting, generalizing findings of businessstudents to accounting students may not be valid. Consequently, additional studies of accountingstudents are useful.This study investigates context (academic vs.business)-based and gender-based differences inaccounting students ethical intent. We find mixedsupport for gender-based mean differences; theseresults are consistent across context. With regard tocontext we find a greater variability in respondentsbehavioral intent in an academic context relative toa business context. We also find gender-baseddifferences in how ethical issues are grouped (thatis, the perceived cognitive structure of ethicalissues). Implications of these findings are discussedwith particular interest relative to education.     

In Search of Instruments. Business and Ethics Halfway

Business ethics has gradually acquired a stable status, both as an academic discipline and as a practice. Stakeholdership is recognised as a guiding concept, business has widely accepted that it has a license to operate to win from society at large, and operational instruments such as codes of ethics and forms of ethical auditing and accounting take shape more and more. Yet lacunae remain. Three are mentioned explicitly. Business ethics has to improve its relations with business law, the concept of competition deserves much more ethical attention than it has received up to now, and the shifting relations between the market, governmental agencies and civil society require the elaboration of an institutional business ethics.     

会计信息质量与公司治理：基于中国资本市场的进一步经验证据

本文通过Jones模型计算出可操纵盈余,并以之作为会计信息质量的代理变量,验证了会计信息质量与公司治理各要素之间的关系,结果发现股东大会和董事会会议次数与盈余管理程度正相关,内外部审计机制并没有发挥保护股东的作用,管理层持股比例、两职分离与否、债务治理机制、独立董事比例以及法律环境对盈余管理程度并无显著影响。在划分为正负盈余管理的基础上,发现了第一大股东存在显著的掠夺动机。     

民众信任视角下的政府行为与体制转轨——对中国市场化进程的一种解读

是什么引导中国这样的大国在保持社会稳定、经济快速增长的同时完成经济体制的转轨和社会的转型?在众多答案中,制度以及社会成员的民主参与无疑是重要的,但本文认为最根本的是社会民众信任的孕育。此观点与博.罗斯坦的观点不谋而合,但博.罗斯坦并没有解决民众信任从何而来的难题。文章把民众信任作为一个描述市场化进程的因子,分阶段说明正是中国决策层的政策保证,不断地给民众的预期集合里加入市场化的元素,并阶段性地诱使民众预期发生无法复归的突变,从而孕育了民众的信任。因此从某种程度上讲,民众信任的形成过程也就是中国市场化的进程,这个复杂的过程暗含着许多特征,本文兼作给出它的经济学流派的特征。     

Individualism-Collectivism Cultural Differences Affecting Perceptions of Unethical Practices: Some Evidence from Australian and Indonesian Accounting Students

This paper examines the impact of the individualism-collectivism dimension of culture on ethical perceptions in a sample of Australian and Indonesian Final Year accounting students. The study uses the Triandis instrument to establish that Australian students tended to be more individualistically- and Indonesian students more collectivistically-oriented. The study then proceeds to test the hypothesis of no difference in perceptions between these two country samples in their evaluations of questionable actions portrayed in five vignette situations. The findings reject the no difference cultural hypothesis, indicating that there are perceptual differences between the collectivistic Indonesian students and the individualistic Australian students. In general Indonesian students tend to perceive a lesser degree of risk for the questionable acts depicted by these cases where such acts would have beneficial impacts on close or moderately close in-groups. Consistent with this observation, they also tend to perceive a greater amount of gain if this gain impacts more on close or moderately close in-groups.These results suggest that ethics teaching, either as separate or integrated into other courses, is a delicate subject that is even more critical in a multicultural environment such as Australia where universities have growing numbers of culturally-distinct Asian students. Australian-based teachers of accounting students, in particular, should exercise extreme sensitivity when addressing issues of ethical conduct in the classroom to avoid offending those from different cultural backgrounds. More research into experiences of teaching business ethics to a group of culturally diverse students, as well as publications of suitable teaching materials that highlight and address these problems would be a significant step forward.