External Financing and Liquidity

We explain the observed negative relation between market value of firms and their fund raising activities. Ours is not a signalling model. The firm's objective is to maximize the present value of its income. Considerations of cash availability (liquidity) and unfolding of uncertainty drive our model. Income from operations is an important source of liquidity. Low earnings are associated with low liquidity. Whether earnings are low or not is known to some extent in advance of the realization itself. External financing is pursued in anticipation of the earnings' realization in order to maintain a desired level of liquidity. Therefore, anticipated low earnings are associated with a high level of external financing. Of course, an anticipation of low earnings is also accompanied by a decrease in the firm's value. The empiricist who looks at time series of a firm's value and of its dividend/external financing announcements would then record positive correlation between value and cash distributions and negative correlation between value and external financing.     

Liquidity Cycles and Make/Take Fees in Electronic Markets

We develop a model in which the speed of reaction to trading opportunities is endogenous. Traders face a trade‐off between the benefit of being first to seize a profit opportunity and the cost of attention required to be first to seize this opportunity. The model provides an explanation for maker/taker pricing, and has implications for the effects of algorithmic trading on liquidity, volume, and welfare. Liquidity suppliers’ and liquidity demanders’ trading intensities reinforce each other, highlighting a new form of liquidity externalities. Data on durations between trades and quotes could be used to identify these externalities.     

经济周期、融资约束与营运资本的动态协同选择

经济周期、融资约束与营运资本的相机协同选择是研究和化解债务危机的重要基础理论,也是现实政策选择中亟待解决的重要问题。虽然,国外对于该方面的理论研究已取得了一定的成果,但是,由于国内已有的研究主要是从企业内生性视角对其进行考察,忽视了经济周期特征对融资约束与营运资本管理的内在影响机理和作用,从而使融资约束对企业营运资本管理的效应未能达到预期目标。因此,本文运用经济周期理论和融资约束理论对经济周期、融资约束与营运资本的相机协同选择机理进行研究,力图构建不同经济周期下的融资约束与营运资本管理的协同选择模型,并检验营运资本需求是否在不同的经济周期和融资约束下向目标营运资本需求调整,调整速度如何,调整速度与融资约束是否相关。本研究的理论贡献在于构建新兴市场经济体制下的经济周期、融资约束与营运资本的相机协同选择理论框架和体系,而实践贡献在于为相关理论研究探寻经验证据和政策参考值。     

规范担保业发展服务中小企业融资——南平市融资担保业与苏州等地同业比较

近年来,担保机构因"进无门槛、行无章法、赔无保障",规模小实力弱、运作不够规范、抗风险能力差、服务中小企业融资功能有限等现象较为突出。本文通过选取江西省上饶市、江苏省苏州市、浙江省杭州市和温州市、福建省福安市(以下简称"四省五地")与福建省南平市担     

流动性、银行间市场摩擦与借贷便利类货币政策工具

通过内生引入流动性短缺银行(拆入行)对流动性盈余银行(拆出行)的流动性需求机制,本文构建了一个包含银行间市场的DSGE模型,对借贷便利类货币政策工具的传导机制和传导效果进行了理论和实证研究。研究表明:(1)负向冲击会同时增加拆入行和拆出行对流动性的预防性需求,在经济形势不确定的情形下,拆出行不会很快恢复对拆入行的流动性供给,引起银行间市场流动性缺口放大和市场失灵。(2)由于仅依赖银行间市场自发回归稳态的过程太过缓慢,需要央行进行流动性干预。借贷便利类工具可以通过引导贷款市场定价和流动性效应这两个渠道来影响银行融资可得性,进而降低银行间市场流动性风险对宏观经济的负面影响。(3)借贷便利类货币政策工具的影响效果边际递减,央行可根据借贷便利操作的收益和成本,制定最佳的反应程度参数。     

流动性、银行间市场摩擦与借贷便利类货币政策工具

通过内生引入流动性短缺银行(拆入行)对流动性盈余银行(拆出行)的流动性需求机制,本文构建了一个包含银行间市场的DSGE模型,对借贷便利类货币政策工具的传导机制和传导效果进行了理论和实证研究。研究表明:(1)负向冲击会同时增加拆入行和拆出行对流动性的预防性需求,在经济形势不确定的情形下,拆出行不会很快恢复对拆入行的流动性供给,引起银行间市场流动性缺口放大和市场失灵。(2)由于仅依赖银行间市场自发回归稳态的过程太过缓慢,需要央行进行流动性干预。借贷便利类工具可以通过引导贷款市场定价和流动性效应这两个渠道来影响银行融资可得性,进而降低银行间市场流动性风险对宏观经济的负面影响。(3)借贷便利类货币政策工具的影响效果边际递减,央行可根据借贷便利操作的收益和成本,制定最佳的反应程度参数。     

商业银行经营中的流动性、流动性风险及其管理

一、流动性、流动性风险与银行挤兑 商业银行的流动性是指银行能够随时满足存款者的提现需求和借款者的正当贷款需求的能力.流动性是银行的生命线,也是整个金融体系及至整个经济体系对流动性需求的保证.盈利性和流动性是银行风险管理首先要解决的一对矛盾.如果银行持有大量的高流动性资产,当然可以减少流动性风险,但是同时也降低了银行的收益.     

资产泡沫、银行业流动性危机与政府债务风险

目前,政府债务风险问题已引起各方的关注。2010年,金融危机对全球经济及金融市场的影响尚未真正消失,从阿联酋到希腊,从希腊扩至欧元区,从英国到美国,欧美核心发达经济体出现巨额财政赤字,对经济复苏产生巨大冲击。而爱尔兰债务危机     

金融休系过度依赖批发融资的风险和反思

在过去三十年中,美欧商业银行的主要资金源泉从传统的储蓄存款转变为以货币市场和资本市场金融创新为支撑的短期批发融资.这种变化在提高了盈利水平的同时,也使金融体系的流动性表现出极大的脆弱性.这是本次次贷危机中导致大批金融机构破产倒闭的重要原因之一.本文通过对本次流动性危机爆发过程的回顾,结合中国银行业的"存款立行"战略,对美欧金融体系过度依赖批发融资的模式进行了反思.     

Liquidity and the Future Stock Returns of the REIT Industry

This paper examines how deviations from expected optimal cash holdings affect future stock returns in the real estate investment trust (REIT) industry. Our findings indicate that REIT managers elect to hold less cash to reduce the agency problems of cash flow, supporting the pecking order theory that growth opportunities lead managers to retain more cash on hand. The results show that any deviation from the estimated optimal cash holdings is significantly detrimental to future market performance, suggesting that excess or insufficient cash is harmful to stock returns. The adverse influence of deviations above the optimal value is insignificantly stronger than that of deviations below the optimal value. We also find that the return performances of deviations that do not differ from the expected optimal value surpass those of deviations that differ significantly from the expected level. This implies that REIT managers determine their cash policies based on future growth opportunities and the external costs of capital. Finally, for REIT firms, holding excess or insufficient cash increases the possibility of agency conflict or underinvestment, which will consequently worsen the firm??s future performance.     

中国股市融资规模与流动性对高技术产业技术进步的影响

利用中国股票市场和高技术产业1997～2009年的面板数据,分别建立股票市场的融资规模和流动性对高技术产业的R&D内部资金支出、新产品产值以及经DEA分析得到全要素生产率影响的回归模型,考察股票市场融资规模和流动性对高技术产业技术进步的影响,结果显示股票市场融资规模的扩大将有助于高技术产业技术进步;而股票市场流动性对处于不同产业发展阶段的高技术产业影响效应不同,当高技术产业处于创业阶段,股票市场流动性对其技术进步作用不显著,而高技术产业处于二次创业产业化阶段,股票市场流动性对其技术进步具有明显的推动作用。     

Investment, Uncertainty, and Liquidity

We analyze the dynamic investment decision of a firm subject to an endogenous financing constraint. The threat of future funding shortfalls lowers the value of the firm's timing options and encourages acceleration of investment beyond the first‐best optimal level. As well as highlighting another way by which capital market frictions can distort investment behavior, this result implies that (1) the sensitivity of investment to cash flow can be greatest for high‐liquidity firms and (2) greater uncertainty has an ambiguous effect on investment.     

融资成本、融资替代与中国典当业的盈利波动——经验证据及理论解释

本文从企业融资成本的角度对金融危机后期以来中国典当业整体盈利状况的变化提供了可能的解释。利用实地调研数据和跨国文献资料,我们发现中国典当业具有迥异于其他经济体的特点,即中国的典当需求更多地来自于中小企业的投资需求,而非普通消费者的消费需求。基于此发现,我们借助一个企业融资行为模型,提出了对典当业盈利变化的一个解释:金融危机后的经济刺激政策从各方面降低了企业通过银行借贷的成本,而与此同时典当成本却具有刚性;作为合理的反应,企业自然偏向银行借贷而非典当融资;典当业因此大量失去企业的融资需求。而经济紧缩政策的作用恰好相反。宏观政策导向的变化和典当行业的盈利波动之间的关系印证了上述假说。     

Liquidity,innovation and growth

Many countries simultaneously suffer from high inflation, low growth and poorly developed financial sectors. In this paper, we integrate a microfounded model of money and finance into a model of endogenous growth to examine the effects of inflation on welfare, growth and the size of the financial sector. A novel feature is that the innovation sector is decentralized. Financial intermediaries arise endogenously to provide liquidity to this sector. Consistent with the data but in contrast to previous work, reducing inflation generates large growth gains. These large gains cannot be easily reproduced by imposing a cash-in-advance constraint in the innovation sector.     

中国证券业流动性风险防范问题探讨

从长远来看，中国证券业经营风险的防范体系应该是全方位的、稳健的；但就目前情况而言，中国主要针对头寸风险和流动性风险的防范，建立针对证券公司的风险防范制度，并在此基础上逐步推进。     

生物医药产业不同融资方式的融资效率研究

根据申银万国行业分类标准,采用2013-2017年在沪、深两市上市的生物医药公司为样本,基于数据包络分析法构建股权融资、债权融资和内源融资三种融资方式的生物医药产业融资效率的评价体系,测算中国生物医药企业融资效率水平。结果表明:处于不同融资方式的中国生物医药产业整体融资效率水平较低,综合技术融资效率水平达到最优状态的企业数量比例在4.2%～13%之间;三种融资方式的综合融资效率水平从高至低排列顺序为:内源融资、债权融资、股权融资;基于Malmquist指数来看,三种融资方式的DEA-Malmquist指数均值均小于1,表明三种融资方式的融资效率水平都呈下降趋势;从DEA-Malmquist指数的各分解指数来看,三种融资方式的融资效率水平较低,都受纯技术效率水平下降的影响较大。     

流动性过剩与流动性悖论

造成当前流动性过剩的一个重要原因是由于我国存在着一种"流动性悖论".而造成流动性悖论的原因又可以上溯到国内金融结构的体制性缺陷,具体包括银行体系、资本市场、人民币汇率制度和资本账户管制等四个方面的结构性问题.要根本上解决国际收支"双顺差"以及流动性悖论,长期看需要从经济与金融结构层面进行调整,近期则主要是汇率的调整,取消强制结汇制以及加强周边国家(地区)的政策协调.