The Implications of Business-to-Business and Consumer Market Differences for B2B Branding Strategy

By integrating existing conceptual models and research findings, this effort examines the noteworthy differences between the B2B and the consumer market contexts and the implications of those differences on the formulation of B2B brand strategies. We introduce the B2B-Consumer Market Dimensions Continuum as a tool to identify key differences between the two markets. The continuum is used to suggest the branding approach that is most likely to be successful in a B2B organization's brand-building efforts.     

Consumer Segments Based on Attitudes Toward Luxury: Empirical Evidence from Twenty Countries

This article proposes an international segmentation of consumers based on their attitudes toward luxury. We perform a two-stage empirical study with a data set that combines samples from 20 countries. We provide a substantive interpretation of the results to show that three attitude segments dominate in a Western cultural context. We discuss several directions for future research based on the findings.     

Product,Environmental, and Service Attributes That Influence Consumer Attitudes and Purchases at Wineries

Abstract

Direct sales of wine and winery souvenirs to winery visitors is important in a number of regions throughout the United States and around the world. The attributes that influence winery visitors' beliefs can have a significant impact upon wine purchases, repeat visits, positive word-of-mouth comments, and upon future purchases at restaurants and other retail outlets. A study of winery visitors found four underlying factors from a list of 17 attributes. Regression results indicated that several wine, environment, and service attributes have a significant impact upon consumer attitudes and purchases. Product and purchase involvement were also found to impact purchase behavior.     

论顾客价值的理解与创造

在关系营销中对于顾客价值的研究始终是一个重点和热点问题,实际上企业与顾客之间的关系本质是一种追求各自利益与满足的价值交换关系,顾客看中的是企业提供的优异的价值,企业让渡给顾客的价值对保留顾客起着极为重要的影响,只有不断为顾客提供比竞争者更多的价值,才能成功地创造出让客户留下来的理由,才能从发展与客户的长期关系中获得更多的利润,因此创造并交付优异的顾客价值就成为企业成功的关键     

Determinants of Consumer Preferences for Honey in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Honey is one of the important non-timber forest products consumed in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and, as such, an important source of income for many households. However, poor knowledge of buyers’ preferences in the marketing of honey presents a major challenge to the profitability of the honey enterprises. The research presented in this article identifies key consumer characteristics that influence the preferences of honey consumers in the DRC. The primary data source used in this analysis is drawn from a survey of 214 consumers. Results show that consumers who are married and have reached at least the level of secondary education have a strong preference for local forest and savannah honey. Those between the ages of 30 and 50 do not prefer honey from beekeeping, but would rather have it imported. We conclude that segmentation of the honey market and increasing consumer awareness must go in tandem in order to develop a good marketing strategy.     

Global marketing strategy modeling of high tech products

This study considers the role of global marketing strategy and its relation to market orientation, international experience, and performance in the high tech products context. Knowledge of this important domain of global marketing strategy and performance remains limited. In this respect, the study raises a number of important questions concerning how market orientation, international experience and global marketing strategy impact performance. The study empirically tests predictions of relationships by using mail survey data from 172 business units of high tech firms. Findings from the research sample support the argument that market orientation, international experience, and global marketing strategy are the key antecedents of organizational performance. Market orientation and international experience influence global marketing. The article concludes with theoretical and managerial implications of the research findings.     

Well-being Marketing: An Ethical Business Philosophy for Consumer Goods Firms

In this article we build on the program of research in well-being marketing by further conceptualizing and refining the conceptual domain of the concept of consumer well-being (CWB). We then argue that well-being marketing is a business philosophy grounded in business ethics. We show how this philosophy is an ethical extension of relationship marketing (stakeholder theory in business ethics) and is superior to transactional marketing (a business philosophy grounded in the principles of consumer sovereignty). Additionally, we argue that well-being marketing is based on duty ethics concepts, specifically the duty of beneficence and non-maleficence. Subsequently, we show how the well-being concept guides marketing decisions for consumer goods firms.     

Marketing Novel Fruit Products: Evidence for Diverging Marketing Effects Across Different Products and Different Countries

The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of four different marketing claims and price information on consumers’ product choices for novel fruits and novel fruit products, using a choice experiment. In total, 1,652 people in Greece (n = 400), the Netherlands (n = 419), Poland (n = 423), and Spain (n = 410) participated in the study. The marketing claims entailed (1) information about scientific findings concerning health benefits, (2) social norm information, (3) information about the products’ naturalness, and (4) information about the products’ time-until-expiration. The results showed that all four marketing claims and price information influenced consumer choice, but the effect of naturalness depended on the specific novel fruit product being advertised, and the effect of time-until-expiration depended on both country and fruit product. These results suggest that marketing communications should be tailored to different national markets and to specific fruit products.     

天津市旅游产品国际化及其营销对策

目前,国家把加快推进天津滨海新区开发纳入总体发展战略,并为其发展提供了难得的历史性机遇。天津应实施旅游产品国际化战略,在激烈的竞争中走出一条独特的国际化道路,培育契合世界趋势的旅游产品品牌,满足境外游客多样化的需求,营造国际化氛围,建设适合国际旅游者习惯的消费娱乐场所。完善国际化的综合配套服务设施与基础设施建设,提高符合国际化要求的服务水准。以吸引更多国际旅游者。     

An empirical assessment of the Consumer Agency Model: Evidence from India and China

Abstract

This research empirically validates the Consumer Agency Model which illustrates consumer reactions to the introduction of new Western products to emerging markets. This study represents the first quantitative effort to test the framework in a comparative field study of consumer attitudes towards a franchised business in the two largest emerging markets globally, China and India. It builds on the original model with McDonald’s as the prototypical representative of the Western franchise industry. The analysis confirms existence of the Consumer Agency Model with remarkable similarity in both countries. Implications for franchise companies as they target the two investigated markets are provided.     

Ethnocentric tendencies of Indian consumers: impact on preference for domestic versus foreign products

India is witnessing a plethora of foreign and domestic products competing against each other in its retail market. In order to understand how ethnocentrism among Indian consumers leads to attitudes toward foreign/domestic products, this study aims to understand the antecedents (socio-psychological and demographic) of consumer ethnocentric tendencies (CET) among Indian consumers, the impact of ethnocentrism on attitude toward domestic versus foreign product and service, and the impact of a moderator (perceived economic threat) on the relationship between ethnocentrism and attitudes. Using a sample of 800 Indian consumers, the relationships among variables were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) using one product (soap) and one service (mobile phone service) category. The findings suggest that Indian consumers who are ethnocentric prefer domestic product/service to foreign product/service. Ethnocentrism of Indian consumers is influenced by education, income, cultural openness, and collectivism. The relationship between ethnocentrism and attitudes was moderated by perceived economic threat. Implications are provided for both Indian and foreign marketers to successfully promote their products to Indian consumers.     

Market segmentation strategies for complex automotive products

ABSTRACT

With the advent of ‘big data’, the purpose of this empirical study was to take the opportunity to rethink conventional market segmentation strategies. This is particularly relevant for the automotive industry which is going through a period of rapid change with advanced technologies such as electric powered and autonomous vehicles, creating increased concerns as to how this complexity is communicated effectively.

A mixed methods approach was utilised to collect data from multiple sources, incorporating in-depth discussion groups, semi-structured interviews, an online survey, and data collection of communication processes through the attendance of new car product launches.

The results suggest that marketing departments should rethink their data capture methods to collect more relevant consumer information, not the contemporary trend of needs, attitude, and motivation variables that are difficult to identify and collect, but basic information on their level of familiarity with products through previous experience and exposure. The basic dimensions identified are characterised by a consumer’s expertise, involvement, and familiarity with a product. The findings are synthesised into a theoretical framework to define differing levels of product complexity, which would enable manufacturers to provide more closely defined market segmentation strategies when communicating new product information.     

外资银行在华营销策略和发展趋向研究

跨国银行是目前世界上最有活力的组织。越来越多的跨国银行把进入和全面参与我国银行业务作为其全球战略的一部分,并企图成为其主要目标市场和利润发生地,成为新兴市场的根植银行。跨国银行在华业务主要有外汇业务、人民币业务、银行卡业务、网上银行业务、QFII托管业务等五大类,其营销策略的根本优势,一是基于制度和竞争形成的经营理念和客户战略;二是外汇和理财业务;三是以并购为代表的金融资本经营。在品牌经营方面,除采取降价、网络等手法外,跨国银行还通过入股中资银行增强品牌竞争力,通过跨文化营销与热心公益树立社会形象,但品牌管理的目的在于增强企业核心能力进而创造企业价值,其营销规划越来越表现为整合管理和高层运作,显示出与战略管理趋同的趋势。     

Unintended investor sentiment on bank financial products: Evidence from China

Investor sentiment on bank financial products (BFPs) is commonly overlooked. However, given the implementation of regulatory policies and the development of Internet financial market, investor sentiment on BFPs has become increasingly important in China since 2013. This paper constructs investor sentiment on BFPs, based on six proxies that reflect market liquidity, transaction status, market activity, and industry development. We contribute to the literature by finding the comovement of the investor sentiment on BFPs and the returns, and by demonstrating the spillover effects from bank financial markets to related markets from the perspective of the investor sentiment on BFPs.     

Countermeasures and Suggestions of the Development of Native Products Network Marketing Platform in China

近年来我国网络营销发展迅猛,土特产品的网络营销作为一个新的领域,表现出了强劲的发展势头,但其网络营销平台建设尚不完善。由于网络基础设施薄弱,信息化程度低、物流渠道落后、电子商务安全体系建设滞后以及土特产品的标准化体系、品牌效应尚未形成等不利因素的限制,严重阻碍了我国土特产品网络营销的发展。通过分析我国土特产品网络营销发展中的优势和劣势,提出了土特产品网络营销的发展对策建议。     

基于消费者运动的社会营销学研究及其启示

本文认为,20世纪美国消费者运动风起云涌,推动了政府的立法活动和营销学研究,其研究主要集中于消费者运动的经验研究,营销实践的购买者观点,营销观念的实践,营销道德研究,营销和广告对消费者的影响等方面,并逐渐出现了两个重要趋势,即研究更加现实和开始思考在组织结构中采用道德训练、管理事例和鼓励措施,以激励道德行为。文章提出,我国基于消费者运动的社会营销学研究重点,一是弱势群体方面的研究;二是审视营销观念的实践;三是中国特色营销道德的研究;四是消费者保护的经验研究;五是消费者满意、不满意方面的研究;六是营销和广告的社会影响研究。     

我国铁路建设企业实施绿色营销策略的途径——以中铁一局集团公司为例

开展绿色营销是实施可持续发展战略的必然要求和具体体现。企业只有实施绿色营销战略,才能突出自己的特色,不断地提高市场占有率。以中铁一局集团公司为例,通过分析认为,我国铁路建设企业在绿色营销上存在着缺乏绿色技术创新能力和绿色营销的竞争力,经营范围狭窄,没有形成完善的绿色管理系统等问题,要想解决这些问题,必须实施绿色促销策略、绿色价格策略和绿色技术创新策略等绿色营销策略。     

Nostalgia beats the wow-effect: Inspiration,awe and meaningful associations in augmented reality marketing

Augmented Reality (AR) is an innovative concept that enriches consumers’ perception of the real world with virtual content. Prior research has shown that AR has the potential to inspire consumers and improve marketing outcomes, yet very little is known about the mechanisms through which AR inspires users. This research decomposes the AR-inspiration relationship and shows how psychological inspiration (i.e. inspired-by) translates to behavioral inspiration (i.e. inspired-to). The Lego Playground AR app is used to empirically test the hypotheses that the “wow-effect” (awe) and nostalgia serve as important mediators to the AR initiated inspiration process. While nostalgia is found to fully mediate the link between psychological and behavioral inspiration, the “wow-effect” does not significantly mediate this relationship. This research is the first to show inspiration unfold as a granular process. The meaningful associations generated through nostalgia translate psychological inspiration into consumer action, and this understanding may allow legacy brands to leverage latent nostalgia in new AR applications to influence consumer behavior.