东西部失地农民生存状况的对比分析研究——基于11省、市、19治区农调队公布的调查报告

本文利用11个省、市、自治区农调队抽样调查后公布的1396户失地农民生存状况的数据，对东西部的失地农民占地前后的收入、消费和就业等方面进行对比分析，发现东西部失地农民生活水平和生活质量存在差异。并存在一些共同面临的问题和矛盾。建议各级政府坚持科学发展观，改革农村土地征用制度，合理有效增加征地补偿。赋予失地农民社会保障，大力快速发展第二三产业，建立灵活有效就业机制，以提高失地农民的生活水平并推进中国城市化的进程。     

城中村失地农民生存状况的调查与分析——以西安市碑林、雁塔、未央三区为例

通过对西安市碑林、雁塔、未央三区600户失地农民生存状况走访及调查,调查结果显示,失地农民存在生活、就业和社会保障等方面的突出问题。为此,文章提出了改善及解决对策,如进一步完善社会保障制度,提供有效的就业信息、引导农民自主创业等。     

从失地保障志向社会养老——对南京市郊区失地农民保障问题的思考

近年来,随着我国工业化和城市化的加速推进,城市郊区失地农民数量逐年递增,而城市郊区失地农民失去土地同时,也失去了基本的生产、生活和就业保障.因此亟待为失地农民建立安全有效的社会保障制度.通过对征地保障四个阶段的总结,发现正在进行的有关失地农民社会保障的实践仍存在诸多问题.为此,文章提出构建新型的失地农民保障体系、实现与现行保障良性对接的建议.     

中年失地农民的就业之路

我国城镇化进程推进中,大量农村集体土地被征用,形成农村新的群体——失地农民.其中中年失地农民由于根深蒂固的传统观念,以及对新鲜事物接受程度不高等因素,在目前就业大环境下不具备优势,加剧了就业的窘迫性,面临更大的生活压力.本文对城镇化进程中的中年失地农民的就业状况展开调查和分析,并有针对性地从经济发展、文化教育、政策扶持、劳动者自身四方面提出解决建议.     

保障城市化进程公平与正义的民主制度构建——基于失地农民权益保护的思考

失地农民在征地补偿、就业与再就业、社区生活等方面处于弱势地位。增强失地农民的政治参与,通过构建失地农民团体、村民委员会和乡镇政府三位一体的参与式民主模式,能有效保障失地农民利益的表达和落实,促进社会公平和正义。     

从失地保障走向社会养老——对南京市郊区失地农民保障问题的思考

近年来,随着我国工业化和城市化的加速推进,城市郊区失地农民数量逐年递增,而城市郊区失地农民失去土地同时,也失去了基本的生产、生活和就业保障。因此亟待为失地农民建立安全有效的社会保障制度。通过对征地保障四个阶段的总结,发现正在进行的有关失地农民社会保障的实践仍存在诸多问题。为此,文章提出构建新型的失地农民保障体系、实现与现行保障良性对接的建议。     

失地农民就业培训现状分析——以兰州市安宁区为例

随着新型城市化进程的不断推进,失地农民数量呈逐年增加趋势,为了从根本上解决失地农民的基本生活和生计问题,需要面对就业问题,而就业问题的解决,其瓶颈便是就业培训的落实.本文从失地农民就业培训的重要性切入,比较系统全面地分析了失地农民的就业培训现状.     

论我国失地农民经济利益诉求构成与回应途径——对国家农调总队调查结果和十七省地权调查报告的一个解读视角

当前,我国失地农民的经济利益诉求在各种利益诉求中仍然占据着重要地位。根据对2003年国家农调总队调查结果和2012年十七省地权调查报告的解读,我国失地农民的经济利益诉求主要涉及生活水平、就业、社会保障、征地补偿、安置费用标准的确定和发放、土地出售所获收益的合理分配及对低成本生活方式的选择。针对失地农民的经济利益诉求,应当寻求有效的途径予以回应。     

保障失地农民权益的政策建议

城市化进程中,失地农民权益保障还存在一些问题,如失地农民没有得到土地市场化的增值收益、就业难及社会保障体系不健全等.原因有土地管理和征收制度存在缺陷,城市化与工业化发展不协调,城乡二元经济结构等.要从根本上解决失地农民的权益保障问题,必须让失地农民参与分享土地市场化的增值性收益,建立有效的就业保障机制和完善的社会保障体系,让失地农民分享城乡之间均等的公共产品供给,实现城乡兼顾的包容性增长.     

城镇化扩张中失地农民市民化基本状况研究

世界城市化历史进程,世界各国无一例外地都经历了土地非农化过程,以及由此带来的农村劳动力向非农产业转移等一系列问题。在我国,随着社会主义现代化建设事业的不断推进,城镇化水平不断提升,众多的失地农民也由此诞生了。可以说,失地农民的产生是城市化的必然结果,失地农民市民化则是城市化的必然延伸。一、失地农民基本状况分析(一)经济生活方面1.受教育水平和职业技能限制,就业水平低下。从失地农民自身来说,过     

Modeling and predicting the development of the CES of Russia,Belarus, Kazakhstan,and Ukraine

The paper describes new approaches to the prediction of integration processes in the post-Soviet space and to the macroeconomic evaluation of the integration effect with the use of a cross-country model of structural interactions.     

Health,height, and the household at the turn of the twentieth century

This article examines the health and height of men born in England and Wales in the 1890s who enlisted in the army at the time of the First World War, using a sample of recruits from the army service records. These are linked to their childhood circumstances as observed in the 1901 census. Econometric results indicate that height on enlistment was positively related to socio‐economic class, and negatively to the number of children in the household in 1901 and the proportion of household members who were earners, as well as to the degree of crowding. Adding the characteristics of the locality has little effect on the household‐level effects. However local conditions were important; in particular the industrial character of the district, local housing conditions, and the female illiteracy rate. These are interpreted as representing the negative effect on height of the local disease environment. The results suggest that changing conditions at both household and locality levels contributed to the increase in height and health in the following decades.     

Coercion, compliance, and the collapse of the Soviet command economy

Are command systems that rest on coercion inherently unstable, and did the Soviet economy collapse for this reason? Until it collapsed, the Soviet economy did not appear unstable. Why, then, did it collapse? A game between a dictator and a producer shows that a high level of coercion may yield a stable high–output equilibrium, that stability may rest in part on the dictator's reputation, and that a collapse may be brought about by adverse trends in the dictator's costs and a loss of reputation. The facts of the Soviet case are consistent with a collapse that was triggered by the strike movement of 1989.     

Safeguards, China, and the Price of Steel

The economic health of the US steel industry has fluctuated enormously over the last ten years. The implementation of steel safeguard tariffs in 2002 brought intense scrutiny by academics and industry observers, but little empirical work has focused on the factors that led to the industry’s dramatic reversal of fortune in the period that followed. We use a panel data set of product-level monthly price observations between 1997 and March 2005 to test the importance of the safeguards compared to other possible determinants. We find little evidence that the safeguards affected steel prices in the United States. Instead, results indicate that declining production capacity, improved macroeconomic conditions, and a falling dollar helped return prices to healthier levels. Finally, China’s demand for imported steel, which has not been included in previous empirical studies on the US steel industry, also appears to impact prices, but only after a lag of more than six months. JEL no. F13     

Experience,Tenure, and the Perceptions of Employers

This paper examines how group-based assessments concerning employee ability impact employee compensation. The employer learns about worker ability through Bayesian updating, creating an additional channel for wage growth that is not available to those workers with only general labor market experience. Consistent with the model's predictions, results from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) indicate that black workers fare much better relative to white workers in returns to tenure than in returns to experience. Finally, parameter estimates in the structural model suggest that employers initially undervalue black males but that their wages rise with learning by employers over time.     

Regulation, competition, and the structure of prices

Many competition policy issues in regulated industries concernthe structure of prices charged by multi-product firms - forexample price discrimination, non-linear pricing, cross-subsidies,and network access pricing. This article first sets out the(Ramsey) principles of optimal pricing to recover fixed costs.The sometimes conflicting aims of promoting competition andpursuing social objectives are brought into the analysis. Questionsof whether to allow pricing structure discretion to the firm,and how much, are considered next. With asymmetric information,some discretion is often desirable, but its optimal form ishard to characterize. The article then turns to the controversialnetwork access pricing problem - on what terms should an integrateddominant firm be required to supply inputs required by its rivals?Finally, there is discussion of pricing structure regulationin the transition from more to less regulation, which, it isto be hoped, is in prospect in parts of the regulated industriesas effective competition develops.     

Estimating the determinants of supply of computing, problem-solving, communication, social, and teamworking skills

We investigate the sources of supply of several core skills,using an innovative approach to skills measurement that involvesadapting a job analysis methodology and applying it in a surveycontext. We then estimate the determinants of skills supplyusing a production function model. The main findings are: (i)prior education and work experience have generally positivebut diminishing marginal impacts on skills, consistent withthe earnings function literature; (ii) off-the-job trainingis productive of most types of skill, while on-the-job trainingis effective for the generation of problem-solving and team-workingskills. Both types of training are transferable from previousemployers; (iii) more education enhances the development ofcomputing skills at work, but with respect to other core skills,less educated workers make up for their lower education throughmore work-based learning; (iv) there is a strong associationbetween the presence of some new or flexible organisation characteristicsand both the level and growth of all types of skills. We argueoverall that the contribution of work-based learning to skillsdevelopment is more important than normally allowed for in theskills policy discourse.     

亲山亲水亲民

打造内陆最开放的城市,重庆拥有"两江四岸"等独特资源.2008年市政府工作报告提出,今后重庆的发展要打好山水牌,整体推进长江、嘉陵江"两江四岸"城市规划建设,实施渝中半岛城市形象设计方案,打造亲水近水、观山览水的独特风貌和宜居环境.