产品目标用户群划分方法研究

随着产业信息化的不断深入,产品进入快速更迭阶段,这源于用户群对产品的需求处于实时变化的状态。"以用户为中心"设计理念成为左右产品亲和度的首要标准。传统的产品用户群划分方法已经随着时间不断得到修正和补充。本文通过以用户需求为主要划分维度,研究用户数据提取优先级,构建典型目标用户群模型的方式动态研究产品整个阶段目标用户群的划分。     

基于粗糙集的电子废弃物逆向物流的目标优先级排序

逆向物流的战略地位逐渐凸显,电子废弃物因其特殊的产品属性,加之目前我国尚未建立完善的回收体系,亟待规范的“灰色地带”需要实施有效的逆向物流规划,科学合理的目标优先级的确定是其得以实现的理论基点。本文针对电子废弃物的特性,考虑逆向物流不同的实施阶段,分析了影响目标优先级的主要因素,提出了一种基于粗糙集一熵权理论的目标优先级确定算法,改善了传统的主观权重赋值法,结果表明该算法是精确且有效的。     

新产品开发项目评价方法研究

为提高新产品开发的成功率 ,企业需要根据自身的资源条件 ,经济合理地选择开发能够满足市场需要、并适应企业外部环境和内部条件的新产品。运用层次分析法对新产品开发项目进行综合评价 ,根据评价值的高低来确定项目的优劣次序 ,可作为企业投资决策分析之用。     

An evaluation of overtime policies for a repair shop

This article presents the first attempt to develop and examine overtime policies for a repair shop environment. Overtime is used to augment repair capacity as needed to offset short-term demand fluctuations. If overtime provides sufficient additional repair capacity, it may be possible to reduce investment in spare parts inventory.The use of overtime in a repair shop requires managerial attention to several issues. In this article, the following five issues are examined: The relationship between overtime policies and spares stocking levels The timing of overtime—reactive or proactive The amount of overtime to use The level in the product structure at which overtime is most beneficial The priority scheduling and labor assignment policies usedSix overtime policies are developed that explore the above issues. These are examined using a simulation model of a hypothetical repair shop. Since the focus of the article is on overtime policies, a single labor assignment policy is used in conjunction with two priority scheduling rules.The results indicate that reactive overtime policies work well in this environment and overtime is most effective at the lowest level of the product structure, where repair times are relatively shorter. In addition, lowest level parts provide more usage flexibility to handle anticipated future failures.     

大飞机研制中的技术创新路径选择

大飞机研发制造已成为我国新世纪的国家战略。增强自主创新能力,构建大飞机产业技术创新体系已成当务之急。因而建立产品开发平台,积极开展国际合作,提高核心技术开发能力,掌握自主知识产权显得尤为重要。     

Integrating Suppliers into Green Product Innovation Development: an Empirical Case Study in the Semiconductor Industry

Green innovation has been recognized as one of the key factors to achieve environmental and economic success in markets. Understanding green product innovation development as a result of suppliers' involvement has become a strategic priority for academics and practitioners. This paper aims to explore and understand the role of suppliers in enhancing the manufacturer's ability to successfully carry out green innovation in product development. As a research methodology, a case study approach is employed. Primary data were collected through site visits and extensive interviews with corporate and plant management in Korea. Based on the Korean study, the paper presents following outcomes. First, there is a strong linkage between environmental compliance and green new product developments. Second, there is a strategically close relationship of environmental collaboration between suppliers and the buying company through technological integration. Finally, involving key suppliers in green new product development for environmentally demanding customers and markets can bring both environmental and commercial success. This research provides new insights on supplier involvement and green product innovation development in supply chain management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

基于客户差异化的价值分析方法

通过价值工程的方法来进行产品的价值评估,以客户需求为基准来对产品的各项功能进行评价,同时,主要考虑产品定位的目标消费人群,兼顾所有其他消费者的需求,以期在未来销售中能够迎合更多的消费者,又能够突出产品定位的特色。     

城市“公交优先”发展的模式分析与路径选择——以常州市为例

"公交优先"发展战略是当今世界许多国家实施可持续交通发展的治本之选,从公共管理的意义上更是体现了平民权利的优先.城市"公交优先"发展不仅是技术问题,更是制度问题,其中交织中政府与市场机制、政府与社会、社会各阶层的关系.本文从描述常州市城市公共交通发展的现状和问题出发.分析了城市公共交通产品的公益性和经济性目标,阐述了城市公共交通民营化运作的发展.指出只有通过公共交通的民营化改革.才能解决常州城市交通实施"公交优先"战略中的问题,建立起高效、可持续发展的城市综合交通体系.     

基于模糊Borda法的多项目优先级组合评价研究

在构建多项目优先级评定指标体系的基础上,分别运用综合指数法、层次分析法及加权算数平均法三种单一评价模型对项目群中多项目优先级进行评定。通过Spearman等级相关系数对三种方法的一致性进行检验,并基于三种单一评价结果,建立了模糊Borda组合评价模型,对项目群多项目优先级进行了客观、科学地评价。最后引入实例,证明组合评价模型实际可行。     

胶南市山洪灾害非工程防御监测预警系统开发

建设山洪灾害监测预警系统是山洪灾害重点防治区的一项非常有效的非工程措施。胶南市作为山东省山洪灾害重点防治县市之一,在结合本地山洪灾害特点及防御现状基础上,开发建设了涵盖水雨情、信息传输和远程控制等在内监测预警平台,从非工程措施方面完善了山洪灾害监控预防体系,为胶南市经济发展提供了基础保障。     

FINANCIAL CUTBACK DECISIONS BY PRIORITY SCALING

This paper reports the application of the priority scaling method to financial cutback decisions in a social services organization, and provides an overview of the priority scaling method. The method is used to elicit a weighted scale of individual and group priorities between options from paired-comparison exercises, together with a measure of internal consistency of judgment. The weighted scale of option priorities may be adjusted to align with the relative values individuals and groups assign to the multiple criteria which guide their judgments, and a measure of internal coherence of judgment obtained. Decision-makers’ allocations of resources may be inferred from their priority weightings together with budgets for each option. Applying the method in reverse, decision-makers’ implied priorities may be directly inferred from proposed budget cuts. A set of reliability tests are incorporated in rigorous versions of the method.     

中国与金砖国家间农产品贸易成本弹性测度与分析

本文在Novy(2013)超越对数引力模型基础上把国内民主化程度作为政治因素从出口国和进口国两条路径引入该模型对其进行改进,并利用改进后的模型对中国与金砖国家部分农产品贸易成本弹性分别进行测度。结果显示中国与金砖国家农产品贸易成本弹性均为正,中国与金砖国家通过降低贸易成本均可提高贸易量。然而中国出口与进口贸易成本弹性差值均为负,中国总体不具有相对优势。从细分产品结构来看,中国可以优先考虑本国优势产品,重点在优势产品领域积极推进贸易自由化和便利化。中国与金砖国家存在产业内贸易潜力较大产品,中国可以与金砖国家在不同层次加深农业分工与合作,分散中国农产品贸易风险,实现对外贸易多元化和可持续发展。     

A multiple criteria methodology for priority based portfolio selection

This paper presents a new methodology combining multiple criteria sorting or ranking methods with a project portfolio selection procedure. The multicriteria method permits the comparison of projects in terms of their priority based on qualitative and quantitative criteria. Then, a feasible set of projects, i.e. a portfolio, is selected according to the priority defined by the multiple criteria method and satisfying a set of resources and logical constraints. The proposed portfolio selection methodology is called Priority Based Portfolio Selection (PBPS) and can be applied in different contexts. We present an application in the urban planning domain where our approach allows us to select a set of urban projects based on their priority, budgetary constraints, and urban policy requirements. Given the increasing interest of historical cities to reuse their cultural heritage, we applied and tested our methodology in this context. In particular, we show how the methodology can support the prioritization of the interventions on buildings with some historical value in the historic city center of Naples (Italy), taking into account several points of view.     

公交优先信号控制优化方法

根据信号交叉口理论,在以往信号延误研究的基础上,考虑到公交车辆平均载客数远大于社会车辆平均载客数,以减少交叉口人总延误最小为系统优化目标,分析并推导了公交优先信号控制优化模型,并用具体的实例说明了公式的用法。研究结果表明,交叉口人均延误减少量与公交车流率及优先时间的长短有关。运用该优化方法能够明显降低交叉口的人均延误,有效保证公交车的准时性,是减少公交车延误的一种可行、有效的方式。     

Static vs. dynamic priority rules for check processing in multiple dispatch-multiple branch banking

This paper presents a study comparing the use of four static and two dynamic priority rules for sequencing bundled checks in the check clearing operations in a bank's back office. The six priority rules are tested in a controlled computer simulation experiment, where bank factors of check bundle size, check bundle value, transit deadlines (dispatches), and destination proportions are systematically varied over prescribed levels. The results indicate that priority rule performance, measured by reduced float, is significantly affected by bank factors. The test results indicate that the two dynamic priority rules performed statistically better than three of the four static rules tested.The study reported here should prove useful to bank operation managers. The sequencing rules investigated here influence the level of float for a bank faced with multiple dispatches during the day. The test environments duplicated a variety of operating conditions that can be present in commercial banks. Therefore, the robustness of the tested static and dynamic rules were observed in reducing float under different conditions. Dynamic rules require recomputing priorities to reflect changes in time and create greater implementation effort to use effectively. Static rules require only one priority computation, resulting in easier implementation. This study indicates that one of the static priority rules tested provides comparable performance to the two dynamic rules.     

Rent Division, Restructuring, and Managerial Risk Taking: A Strategic Bargaining Model

This paper demonstrates that, when the manager of a poorly performing firm generates firm-specific rents, strategic considerations associated with anticipated future restructuring may lead to the adoption of risky operating policies. Furthermore, this bias toward risky policies may be exacerbated by increases in managerial entrenchment. This is the case even when the manager does not have an ownership stake in the firm. On the other hand, a manager of a firm that is performing well will prefer safer policies. These results are driven by endogenously determined management-borne costs of financial distress, and obtain under both restructuring regimes that enforce the priority of creditor claims as well as restructuring regimes that induce deviations from absolute priority.     

Social preference function and policy prioritisation for Bangladesh: An experiment with analytical hierarchy process

The difficulty in assigning priority weights in the multiple objective optimisation exercise of the planning process often leads to arbitrariness in the determination of priority weights. However, Frish (1957) has demonstrated that despite Arrow's famous impossibility theorem, a social preference function can be numerically established by systematically interviewing the decision makers or responsible politicians. In the light of the above, this paper attempts to achieve two goals: (a) that it is, indeed, possible to find intuitively plausible numerical priority weights and (b) the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) can be used to translate the interview responses into cardinal ordering. The close correspondence between the investment allocations of the Planning Commission and those derived from the priority weights of our exercise with AHP implies that AHP can be used to by-pass detailed planning exercises and thereby make planning more flexible.     

A priority assignment model for standards and conditions in a long term care survey

Presently a survey document is used in New York State to enforce Federal and State regulatory standards for long term care facilities (skilled nursing facilities and health related facilities). This document is used to establish Medicare and Medicaid certification for these facilities.

This study describes the creation of a new survey process—a first stage consisting of a screening survey followed, if necessary, by an intensive survey. A priority assignment model which utilizes the judgements of experts from the New York State Office of Health Systems Management (OHSM) has been developed. This model is employed to develop ranks, priority weights and classifications for the various standards and the Federal conditions which the standards comprise (as well as equivalent State regulations).

Saaty's Analytical Hierarchy Process is used to obtain the ranks and priority weights. The consistency of the experts' judgements is measured using Kendall's coefficient of agreement. An optimal split algorithm is used to subdivide the standards and conditions according to impact (high, moderate or low) on patient care, health and safety.

The results are to be used as a management tool in developing decision rules for defining the scope of the intensive survey on the basis of screening survey results.     

On the Priority of Labor Over Capital

In his encyclical Laborem Exercens, John Paul II asserts the principle of the priority of labor over capital. The purpose of this article is to examine this principle. The conflict between labor and capital is often noted as an essential part of capitalism. There is a long tradition of assigning more significance to labor than to capital. In fact, the classical economists argued that labor determined the “value” of a good. To understand this conflict, we must first review what is capital and its role in capitalism. We will then look at John Paul II’s assertion of the principle of labor over capital, followed by a review of how economists have understood the relationship between labor and capital. Neoclassical economists dismiss labor and capital as classes, so they believe there is no conflict. We examine one neoclassical economist’s claim of a gap in the principle of the priority of labor over capital by not including finance capital in the analysis. We demonstrate that the Church’s teachings on usury answer the objections raised. We conclude with a review of the implications of the priority of labor over capital.     

Weighted majoritarian rules for the location of multiple public facilities

We consider collective decision problems given by a profile of single-peaked preferences defined over the real line and a set of pure public facilities to be located on the line. In this context, Bochet and Gordon (2012) provide a large class of priority rules based on efficiency, object-population monotonicity and sovereignty. Each such rule is described by a fixed priority ordering among interest groups. We show that any priority rule which treats agents symmetrically — anonymity — respects some form of coherence across collective decision problems — reinforcement — and only depends on peak information — peak-only — is a weighted majoritarian rule. Each such rule defines priorities based on the relative size of the interest groups and specific weights attached to locations. We give an explicit account of the richness of this class of rules.