The food regime in late colonial Philippines: Pathways of appropriation and unpaid work

I argue that food regimes need to take into account the production relations of paid and unpaid work. As an angle of vision, I use the historical geography of late colonial Philippines (1901–1941) to show how paid and unpaid work in food production was not discrete and separated processes but rather conjoined moments of capital accumulation. The colonial regime—in this context, American colonial government, U.S. agribusinesses, and Filipino landed elites—utilized state power, customary land relations, and commodity‐specific characteristics to appropriate vast amounts of unpaid work from agrarian classes of Philippine labour and draft animals towards the exploitation of commodified labour power. These processes not only produced considerable quantities of coconut and sugar products that were exported to the American consumer market, sold at cheaper prices, and contributed to the profitability of U.S. agribusiness elites but also allowed the colonial regime to efficiently expand commodity production across the islands. The more the American capitalists and Philippine elites invested in Philippine agriculture, the more they appropriated unpaid work from the agrarian classes of labour.     

Continuity and Discontinuity in the Post-Roman Economy

In Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400–800 , Chris Wickham provides a compelling analysis of the impact of the fragmentation of the Roman Empire on state structures, social relations and economic systems. Those social classes and regional economies that were the most profoundly integrated into the trans-regional imperial framework suffered the greatest degree of dislocation. In most regions the period 400–800 was associated with a localization and weakening of aristocratic power and a relative increase in peasant autonomy. In the archaeological record this process is discernible through the evidence for a simplification of patterns of production and exchange, as more sophisticated exchange networks, Wickham argues, were typically catalysed and sustained by aristocratic demand. This article suggests, however, that Wickham has perhaps understated the importance of demographic factors in the shifting balance of power between peasants and aristocrats, and, in certain instances, overstates the degree of discontinuity between the late Roman period and the early medieval in terms of agrarian relations of production.     

我国陆海经济发展现状、问题及对策分析

文章通过数据调查与分析对我国陆海经济发展的现状及存在的问题作详细阐述。从我国整体与沿海11省市两个角度分析宏观经济总量与经济结构的变化与发展趋势;从经济总量、经济结构、主要海洋产业的发展三个角度对我国海洋经济的发展展开叙述,幵做出2001-2013年各产业产值变化图;从制度、科技、不平衡性等多个角度提出我国陆海经济发展存在的问题。最后就我国陆海经济协同发展问题给出相应的对策与建议。     

城镇国有土地制度、土地投资与城镇经济发展

研究目的：考察城镇国有土地制度如何影响微观城镇用地主体的土地投资行为,进而影响城镇经济发展。研究方法：基于一个发展的两时期投资决策模型进行理论探究。研究结果：（1）具有“稳定性制度预期”的城镇国有土地制度能吸引微观城镇用地主体的土地投资,进而促进城镇经济发展;（2）在不完全市场条件下,随着城镇后工业经济的发展,残缺的城镇国有土地制度将导致微观城镇用地主体对其土地投资的“后悔效应”, 进而对城镇经济发展带来不利影响。研究结论：以城镇国有土地市场化改革为指向,完善中国城镇国有土地制度对吸引城镇土地投资存在直接且积极的心理预期影响,也将有利于促进城镇经济的发展。     

抓住机遇深化改革促进地勘经济发展

文章以《各省市、区地勘 (矿 )局工作报告汇编 ( 2 0 0 4年 )》中收集的各地勘局属地化以来主要经济指标和 2 0 0 4年工作报告中的主要资料为基础 ,概括总结了属地化以来地勘经济改革与发展的经验 ,客观地分析了地勘单位在经济发展中依然存在的诸多困难和问题。最后对各省局 2 0 0 4年及今后在深化改革和产业发展上的主要措施进行了整合、归纳。     

Politics, Economics, and the Regulation of Direct Interstate Shipping in the Wine Industry

In 1986, California passed legislation restricting the direct importation of wine from another state by California residents unless the originating state allowed direct shipment from California wineries to residents in that state. The result has been a patchwork of direct shipment regulations across states. We examine how various economic and public interest factors affect the likelihood that a state adopts a change in its direct shipment regulation and the nature of that change. Our results suggest that private and public sector economic considerations lie at the root of direct shipment regulations in the wine industry.     

对生态经济学若干问题的思考

探讨了生态经济学概念提出的背景和生态经济的内涵;评述了生态经济学与环境经济学、资源经济学和循环经济学等学科的关系,在此基础上指出,可持续发展经济学是构建和谐社会的经济学基础,而核算国民幸福指数是衡量和谐社会经济—社会—生态可持续发展的指标。     

湛江海洋经济发展的现状、问题及对策

湛江拥有广东最长的海岸线,海洋资源十分丰富,具有发展海洋经济的资源和区位优势,随着海洋经济强市战略的实施,海洋经济得到了快速发展,海洋经济已成为湛江经济发展新的增长点。尽管如此,湛江海洋经济发展仍然存在许多问题和不足,针对如何解决这些问题,并使湛江海洋经济得到更快更好的发展,本文提出：首先要加强政府的扶持力度,增强服务意识;其次,制定好发展规划,并实施好相关保护法规和优惠政策;再次,要依靠科技进步力量,实施“科技兴海”;最后优化海洋产业结构,重点发展海洋优势产业,尤其是一些潜力大、基础好、收益快的海洋产业。     

浅论生态文明建设的内涵、源流与核心

生态文明是人类文明的一种形态,它以尊重和维护自然为前提,以人与人、人与自然、人与社会和谐共生为宗旨,以建立可持续的生产方式和消费方式为内涵。生态文明是中华传统文明的精髓,较于传统文明是“绿色文明”,突出生态的重要性。生态文明致力于构造一个以资源环境承载力为基础、以自然规律为准则、以可持续社会经济文化政策为手段的环境友好型社会。生态文明建设的核心是建立按照生态系统规律运行发展的经济体系,建立遏制破坏生态环境的经济机制,切实增强生产过程和消费方式的生态化。     

河北省辛集市农村庭院经济调查与研究

通过对辛集农村庭院经济发展情况、生产经营模式的调查分析,指出了目前在庭院经济发展中存在的问题,并针对存在的问题,从政策、经营环境、管理等角度提出今后促进农村庭院经济发展的对策和建议。     

土地抵押、银行信贷与金融风险:理论、实证与政策分析

研究目的:探讨土地抵押融资风险的识别标准、产生原因和防范措施。研究方法:数理分析与统计和计量分析。研究结果:(1)微观层面上,银行对贷款抵押率的选择和对未来土地价格变化的预期决定土地抵押融资风险的大小;(2)宏观层面上,土地资产价值的变化决定融资风险的大小,过量的土地供应、过快增长的土地价格在扩大信贷规模的同时加大了信贷风险;(3)目前中国土地抵押融资风险产生的直接原因是法律法规的欠缺,主要原因是政府转型的滞后和银行风险管理体制的不健全,而市场环境不完善起了推动作用。研究结论:需要从完善法律法规、加快政府改革、强化银行风险管理和推进市场建设等方面防范土地抵押融资风险。     

循环经济--资源开发与环境保护协调发展的重要途径

本文阐释了循环经济的概念与一般特征,论述了循环经济是实现我国资源开发与环境保护协调发展的重要途径,并就如何发展循环经济以协调资源开发与环境保护提出了七条相应的对策建议。     

珍惜地球资源发展低碳经济促进生态文明

工业社会发展至今,节约资源、转变经济发展方式、促进生态文明成为经济发展的主题.粗放的经济发展方式给社会带来了巨大危害,资源的紧缺要求转变经济发展方式,低碳经济的发展模式是必要选择.如何保持经济发展和环境保护之间的平衡,是当前经济社会发展所面临的关键性问题.十八大确立的“优化国土空间开发格局、全面促进资源节约、加大自然生态系统和环境保护力度、加强生态文明制度建设”四项重点任务,为我们今后社会的发展指明了方向.     

研究海洋经济 发展海洋产业

海洋经济是以海洋资源为基础、海洋产业为关键、沿海区域的社会经济的全面发展为目的一项系统工程。为确保海洋经济的全面、持续、协调、稳定地发展,必须对海洋资源、海洋产业、海洋经济及其关联性进行科学地再认识;并设计科学的、规范的指标体系,对海洋经济活动的行为及效果进行科学地评价     

济南都市圈循环经济发展SWOT分析与战略原则研究

本文分析了济南都市圈循环经济发展的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战,并提出了济南都市圈循环经济发展的7个战略原则即经济效益、生态效益、社会效益统筹兼顾原则、知识经济与循环经济融合原则、政府推动、市场驱动、社会公众参与相结合原则、渐进式发展与跨越式发展相结合原则、系统性原则、动态性原则和因地制宜原则。     

浅谈虚拟经济及其对实体经济的影响

虚拟经济是市场经济与科学技术高度发展的必然结果 ,是现代市场经济必不可少的重要组成部分之一。在经济全球化的今天 ,我们应认真研究虚拟经济的运动、发展规律 ,加强对虚拟经济的管理和监督 ,防范和消除其消极影响 ,充分发挥其对实体经济发展的积极作用 ,以确保我国社会主义市场经济健康、稳定、协调发展     

Economic development, institutional change, and the political economy of agricultural protection An econometric study of Belgium since the 19th century

This empirical study uses 100 years of annual data on 11 agricultural commodities from Belgium to measure the impact of structural changes coinciding with economic development and changes in political institutions on agricultural protection. The analysis shows that changes in agricultural protection are caused by a combination of factors. Governments have increased protection and support to farmers when world market prices for their commodities fell, and vice versa, offsetting market effects on producer incomes. Other economic determinants were the share of the commodities in total consumer expenditures (negative effect) and in total output of the economy (positive effect). With Belgium a small economy, there was no impact of the trade position. Changes in political institutions have affected agricultural protection. Democratic reforms which induced a significant shift in the political balance towards agricultural interests, such as the introduction of the one‐man‐one‐vote system, led to an increase in agricultural protection. The integration of Belgian agricultural policies in the Common Agricultural Policy in 1968 coincided with an increase in protection, ceteris paribus. Both institutional factors, related to changes in access to and information about the decision‐making at the EU level, and structural changes in the agricultural and food economy may explain this effect.     

农村集体经济壮大的障碍、成因与建议——以陕西省为例

壮大农村集体经济是实现乡村振兴的战略任务,是实现"农业、农村、农民"走向"强、美、富"的必由之路,是夯实党在农村执政地位和执政基础的重要基石,更是全面建成小康社会的重要保证.近年来,虽然发展农村集体经济已取得阶段性成就,但总体而言与中央要求相比仍存在差距.为此,本研究通过对陕西省农村集体经济组织发展现状进行调查,从主导...     

从大农业视角剖析中国水产业与循环经济

作者试图从我国粮食安全保障角度出发,在分析了我国水产业的现状与问题的基础上,为"紧缺资源替代"战略的一个重要组成部分的必要性与可行性.同时文中讨论了"循环经济"基本理念,并提出了我国水产业实施"循环经济"的"社会大循环"、"企业间循环"、"企业内循环"三个可供选择的基本模式,体现了"资源节约"精神与产业可持续发展的原则.     

对影响江苏林业企业规模若干问题的探讨

我国林业企业规模结构的优化向规模化和合理化的方向发展,但由于近年来林产品市场需求增加,很多地方政府为追求短期的经济效益,盲目鼓励和引导发展小项目,造成了林业企业规模结构失衡。这种数量偏多、规模偏小林业企业,已经不适应江苏林业可持续发展的客观要求,因此分析原因,优化企业规模结构是提高江苏省林业企业整体经济效益必然的选择。