A policy perspective on incremental innovation in small and medium sized enterprises

The increased importance of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in industrial economies is explained and the very large variance in their degree of participation in the innovation process is established. Evidence from Canadian research clarifies the difficulties that smidl and medium sized firms, even in technology intensive industries, experience in developing new products and implementing new designs. Innovation theory is reviewed and the importance of inputs from specialist consultants is established for SMEs undertaking incremental innovation. Transaction costs concepts are then used to explain the difficulties SMEs encounter in arranging these linkages. A recommended form of policy to help to correct this type of market imperfection is derived and used to describe a gap in Canadian policies and to evaluate initiatives in Australia and UK.     

我国中小企业与国外中小企业内部会计控制制度的区别

近些年,随着我国经济的迅猛发展,中小企业占国民经济的比重也随之增大,而财务会计管理作为企业发展的重要内容之一,是保证企业资金运转正常的根本。但是目前中小企业普遍存在会计控制管理基础薄弱,内部会计控制缺失或失效等问题,这些问题阻碍了企业的发展。文章通过对比国内外中小企业内部会计控制制度,找出我国当前存在的问题,从而让中小企业从中得到借鉴。     

技术创新促进中小企业集约化

一、发达国家(地区)中小企业在不断创新中谋发展 这里所谈的"创新"仅指涵盖开发新产品、开发新工艺、开发新材料这三项内容的技术创新.     

中小企业基于社会资本的债务融资模式探析

文章介绍了我国中小企业社会资本型债务融资模式的主要形式,并在此基础上分析了该融资模式的产生原因及对中小企业现阶段融资的适用性与局限性。     

民营中小企业可持续发展与制度创新

作为我国民营企业的重要组成部分,民营中小企业的发展状况对我国国民经济全局产生重要影响。对于广大民营中小企业而言,制度对其健康有序发展意义重大。文章阐述了民营中小企业几大突出特征,全面阐述了民营中小企业可持续发展与制度创新策略。     

The impact of ISO 14000 environmental management standards on small and medium sized enterprises

Environmental performance is fast becoming a selection criterion both in the consumer and industrial markets. Some consumer market segments use environmental criteria when selecting one brand over another. In the industrial market, supplier selection by multinational firms may soon be conditioned on vendor environmental performance. This paper attempts to explore the impact of ISO 14000 on SMEs and offers suggestions for future research.     

Sustainability performance analysis of small and medium sized enterprises: Criteria,methods and framework

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in any economy as they contribute to GDP and employment. However, sustainability (right combination of economic, environmental and social) of SMEs is a major concern as they prioritize economic performance over environmental and social to remain competitive. Majority of prior researches on SMEs' sustainability either look at the impact of a few limited enablers (e.g. lean, green, innovation etc.) on sustainability performance or the effect of pressures and barriers on the sustainability performance. There is a clear gap of a holistic and robust framework for sustainability performance analysis in order to measure and improve sustainability performance. This research bridges this knowledge gap by addressing two research questions – what practice and performance criteria are being considered for sustainability performance analysis in a broad environmental, economic and social context, how are they related, and what methods are being used to derive the relationship between sustainability practices and performance. These research questions are addressed through a systematic literature review of 58 papers, published between 2005 and 2018 in leading journals. First, an objective content analysis is undertaken in order to identify sustainability practices and performance criteria along with their frequency of usage in prior research. Second, the correlation among the variables is studied. Third, the methods for analyzing the relationships of the criteria are identified. Finally, a framework for analysing correlation of SMEs’ sustainability practices and performance in order to measure and improve performance using statistical modeling approach is proposed.     

Innovating in the local systems of small medium sized enterprises: the experience of Tuscany

Innovation policies addressed to SMEs in Tuscany (and in Italy as well) have given, so far, a very limited contribution to improving the SMEs performance in terms of competitiveness and technological enhancement. The interpretation the paper attempts to demonstrate is that innovation policies have been designed for a ‘generic’ SME, in a frame of traditional sectors, within administrative areas, whereas successful SMEs are not merely operating in a given sector or area; they are agglomerated in peculiar Spatial Systems of Small Enterprises (SESS). The productive, spacial, social models of functioning of a typical SESS are described in order to:

(i) identify the local mechanism of interdependencies (between firms, labour force and local government), which generates relevant flows of external economies;

(ii) prove that innovation policies have neglected the vital characteristic of the SMEs (their agglomertion in SESSs).

Finally, a new innovation policy for SMEs designed by the Regional Government of Tuscany is presented.     

公共服务平台破解医药科技型中小企业融资困局

我国的金融体系相对落后,融资难、融资渠道单一成了困扰企业,尤其是医药科技型中小企业发展的主要瓶颈。文章以国内外先进经验为例,阐述了公共服务平台存在的现实意义,以及搭建平台解决融资困局的理论依据与实现方式。     

Sustainability and financial performance of small and medium sized enterprises: A bibliometric and systematic literature review

Based on a 20‐year dataset collected from the Web of Science database, this study aims to present a comprehensive knowledge map of the intellectual structure of the field of study of sustainability and financial performances in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). A bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review method were employed by analyzing articles published between 1999 and 2018, using the VOSViewer software. The study provides an overview of articles, authors, the most influential journals, and themes of research. The results reveal the existence of three themes in research: the role of innovation and entrepreneurship and their impact on sustainability in SMEs (cluster 1), corporate social responsibility in the context of SMEs (cluster 2), and green management and environmental issues for SMEs (cluster 3). In sum, this paper discusses prominent insights from the research analyses and recommends future research directions for the field.     

搞好中小城市绿化建设的几点思考

作者根据自身的实践 ,认为中小城市绿化建设应树立四种意识 :一是树立“规划见绿”理念 ,对城市绿化也要编制总体规划和详细规划 ,并构思布局一批特色绿化工程 ;二要强化“空间绿化”意识 ,以城市道路轴线 ,构建绿化网络 ,扩展绿色绿量 ;三要树立“精品绿化”意识 ,提高绿化质量 ,打造草坪、花坛、公园、街道等名牌 ,四要树立“市场经营”意识 ,建立起多元联动、全社会参与的城市绿化投融资新机制。     

中小微企业创新发展的方法研究

创新力是企业的生命力,由于实力上的弱势,生命力脆弱的中小微企业十分需要创新力。从企业自身角度看,中小微企业应该自有一套创新力建设的理论和方法,即自主创新理论和方法。中小微企业应该善用创新理论,在创新思维上和技法上提升自己,在战略上创新,在经营职能上创新。     

中小企业的两种营销战略

长期以来,我国中小企业在推动国民经济发展,保持市场繁荣、增加财政收入,促进劳动就业和维护社会稳定等方面发挥着非常重要的作用,是国民经济必不可少的重要组成部分.由于中小企业经济效益差,技术力量不足,水平较低,难以和大企业进行正面的直接竞争和抗衡,否则无异于"以卵击石".     

Environmental management in Devon and Cornwall's small and medium sized enterprise sector

This paper suggests that environmental impacts can be reduced in the SME sector through more detailed, less generic model developments for each industrial sector based on best practices and not on strategic management systems. It also suggests simplification of environmental support organisations and advocates the development of the concept of Energy Performance Contracting to Environmental Performance Contracting. There are undoubtedly many ways in which SMEs can improve their environmental performance but it is questionable that within the present economic system environmental sustainability will ever be achieved. Increased environmental regulation would certainly level the playing field but would not change the fundamental attitudes towards the environment as a generator of maximum wealth for the sole purpose of short term consumption. Self regulation is certainly the ultimate goal, where individuals and businesses recognise and respect the environment on more of an holistic level and where other individual utilities are gained from work aside from financial gain. The argument is that this radical (used here in its true sense to mean from the root) change of economic priorities could be achieved through a fair trading system run on a bioregional level. However at the moment self regulation within the present economic system seems ineffective as the environment is simply not a priority for SMEs. Small scale environmental improvements may occur but results from this research suggest that commitment to the environment on a practical rather than theoretical level needs to exist for substantial change to take place. This commitment is unlikely to increase substantially within an economic system that does not attach higher value to the environment. The attainment of environmental sustainability would require a fresh analysis of the economic system and our own individual consciousness.     

通过金融创新推动科技型中小企业创新发展的思考

在我国推动"大众创业,万众创新"的环境中,通过对科技型中小企业的融资需求的调研,认真分析了科技型中小企业在经营过程中存在的主要问题,同时,强调了金融机构和投资机构针对科技型中小企业融资所面临的风险。文章提出从我国财政体制改革入手,建立通过金融创新推动科技型中小企业创新发展的体制,引导金融机构、投资机构加大对科技型中小企业的支持力度。     

论中小企业技术创新

我国中小企业技术创新活动具有多样性和广泛性,它们的技术创新在许多行业占据了主导地位,研究中小企业的技术创新问题对经济发展和社会进步具有重要意义。文章围绕中小企业的技术创新概念、企业与技术创新的关系、内外部环境分析进行讨论,提出新形势下中小企业技术创新的对策。     

特许经营与中小企业发展

特许经营（franchising）又称“加盟连锁”，是新经济时代最受欢迎的一种经营方式。它是一种持续的关系，在这种关系中特许总部向加盟者提供一种商业经营特许，并在加盟者的组织、训练、商品计划和管理上提供援助并从其获得报酬中得到回报。由这个定义可知，特许经营是一种根据合同进行的商业活动，其核心是一种根据合同进行的商业活动，其核心是特许权的转让。一方面，特许人与受许人之间存在着基于特许合同的管理、控制关系；另一方面，受许人作为自营商对其资产拥有所有权，在法律和财务上是独立的，特许人只是以特许使用费和指导费等方式提取收益。     

虚拟经营在中小企业发展中的作用

20世纪90年代以来,虚拟经营潮席卷全球.一些大的跨国公司如IBM、戴尔、GE、康柏、福特、耐克、飞利浦,我国的春兰、小天鹅、TCL、青啤、海尔等企业,纷纷利用虚拟经营低成本获取外部资源.     

关于中小城市经营城市的思考

中小城市经营必须规划先行 ,基础设施先行 ,机制先行。还要有效利用无形资源 ,激活城市增量资本 ,拓宽城市建设投资渠道 ,深入发掘城市有形资源 ,盘活城市存量资产。     

中小企业财务战略选择初探

中小企业在我国社会经济生活中具有不容忽视的地位和作用,中小企业要想做大做强就必须重视理财活动.本文从可持续性发展的角度将中小企业的发展划分为四个阶段,并据此制定与之相匹配的财务战略.