贸易政策不确定性、生产率分布与企业间工资差距

文章以中国加入WTO之后贸易政策不确定性的下降作为准自然实验,采用双重差分模型考察贸易政策不确定性的下降对企业间工资差距的影响。贸易政策不确定性的下降显著缩小了中国出口企业间的工资差距。中介效应检验结果表明,贸易政策不确定性的下降显著减少了生产率分布的离散程度,进而缩小了企业间的工资差距。贸易政策不确定性的下降对外资企业和民营企业的工资差距有显著影响,对资本密集型和劳动密集型产业影响较大。     

论自由贸易与保护贸易政策的选择

论自由贸易与保护贸易政策的选择夏先良一、引言理论界对于我国对外经贸究竟采取何种贸易政策多年来一直争论不休，有的专家主张自由贸易政策，又有一些专家认为应采取保护贸易政策。显然，这个问题涉及我国对外经贸的基本战略的大政方针问题，必须从理论到实践给予明确的...     

发展中国家实施战略性贸易政策的可行性探讨

战略性贸易政策为西方发达国家政府在不完全竞争和规模经济条件下进行贸易干预提供了新的依据,要在发展中国家实施这一政策必须满足市场结构、规模经济和市场经济体制三方面的条件。从这三个条件出发,对战略性贸易政策在发展中国家的可行性问题进行探讨。可以得出,发展中国家目前还不具备实施战略性贸易政策的基础。     

战略性贸易政策的实证应用和对比分析

该文通过对西方发达国家：美国战略性贸易政策来说明战略性贸易政策在发达国家的实用性,同时以巴西为例展示战略性贸易政策在发展中国家的实施情况。通过对发达国家和发展中国家战略性贸易政策实施的结果来对比分析战略性贸易政策在该两类国家中的实用性。     

美国对外贸易政策的演进及对我国贸易政策制定的启示

本文分析了美国对外贸易的重要作用和对外贸易的发展情况，研究了美国对外贸易政策的演进过程，并从中得到如下启示：对外贸易政策必须根据国际和国内经济形势适时转变；顺应国际贸易制度发展需要，增强我国贸易政策的法律化；在致力于多边经济合作的同时，我国应加强区域和双边经济合作。     

国际贸易保护环境与我国的贸易政策分析

通过回顾国际贸易政策基本演进过程,总结出保护性是国际贸易政策的本质属性,同时分析了当前新形势下国际贸易保护的新趋向,指出世界各国间经济发展的不均衡、西方各国内部经济矛盾的转移、各国间政治斗争是产生保护性贸易政策的原因,在此基础上分析中国在出口鼓励、关税手段和非关税壁垒三个方面的保护性对外贸易政策。     

服务贸易自由化的政策选择

本文研究了国际服务贸易政策的制定和实施对国际服务贸易的影响,发现发达国家在贸易政策选择时与发展中国家不同,发达国家与发展中国家在服务贸易政策选择上有很大差异。     

欧共体对外贸易政策及我之对策

欧洲共同体是我国第三大贸易伙伴，从今年元月1日起，欧洲共同体正式成为一个内部无边界的统一大市场。本文介绍了欧洲共同体的主要贸易政策及其特点，对发展中国家的贸易政策动向，提出了广东省面对这统一大市场的6条对策和建议。     

中间选民理论与贸易政策的形成

中间选民理论是新政治经济学中的重要内容之一,它在贸易政策理论中的应用突破了传统贸易政策理论中关于政府社会福利最大化假设,同时也解决了传统贸易理论中不能解释的小国关税的存在性,而且还可用于解释自由贸易区的形成与扩张。     

Trade and Wages: Two Puzzles from Mexico

Mexico plays an important role in the developing‐country trade‐liberalisation literature because it liberalised early and extensively. Numerous papers analysed changes in Mexican wage levels and inequality after Mexico joined the GATT in 1986. This paper reviews recent papers that analyse changes in wage levels and inequality since the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994. Two main puzzles emerge. First, wage growth rates are similar before and after NAFTA. Second, Mexican wage inequality, which received much attention after its post‐GATT rise, falls steadily after NAFTA. This paper reviews several possible explanations for these two phenomena.     

战略性贸易政策理论研究的新思路

战略性贸易政策理论兴起于20世纪80年代,经过20多年的发展,其两个基本理论内涵被众多学者从诸多领域进行了扩展。本文将这一理论的扩展归纳为以下五个方面:基本模型的扩展、引入不完全信息和信息不对称、政策工具选择的新视角、贸易产品的新视角、各国和世界整体福利的新视角。     

Brexit and Trade: Between Facts and Irrelevance

This paper examines four claims made by Brexit supporters regarding the United Kingdom’s post-exit arrangement on trade with the EU. It reviews the nature and importance of UK-EU trade links and the possible impact on the UK of leaving the EU customs union. It argues that all four of the claims are based on incongruous arguments which are either logically inconsistent or ignore the extent of the commitment required by trade agreements that tackle regulatory barriers, not just tariffs and border restrictions. We demonstrate that the attractiveness of the UK market will progressively decline as the UK enters into additional bilateral agreements. We conclude by analysing the implications for the UK of “taking back control” of its trade policy.     

Trade,Technology and Human Capital: Stylised Facts and Quantitative Evidence

Stylised evidence on trade, total factor productivity (TFP) and skill intensity of the labour force is presented. Features emerging as salient are: growing trade in technology‐intensive products from the industrialised nations to the relatively laggard nations leads to embodied technology diffusion; the technology‐intensive sectors have larger shares of skilled workers; countries experiencing TFP growth usually have higher levels of educational attainment; also, the skilled labour payment share for a sector is positively associated with that sector’s regional trade share. These facts together help explain why endowment of more skilled labour facilitates absorption of technology ferried via trade.     

国际贸易理论的演进逻辑:贸易动因、贸易结构和贸易结果

国际贸易理论历经古典贸易理论、新古典贸易理论、新贸易理论、新兴古典贸易理论和新新贸易理论五个阶段,主要回答三个基本问题:贸易动因、贸易结构和贸易结果。依据不同的假设,贸易理论对影响贸易的边界条件的解释各不相同,对贸易动因解释也不相同;贸易结构从行业间贸易、行业内贸易发展为企业间贸易,国际贸易正在向全球化下的企业分工演变;贸易结果是国际贸易得以持续展开的效果,生产力提升是最终的结果。基于三个基本问题,比较各种国际贸易理论,揭示各种国际贸易理论的局限性,并做出评价。     

生物技术、国际贸易与人力资源——一个理论框架分析及其政策含义

随着生物技术的广泛应用,人类的生活必将发生翻天覆地的变化,对于未来的农产品国际贸易格局来说,也将是一场彻底的革新。我国应适时抓住重组赶超的历史机遇,选择最佳的发展模式,去抢占“新文明”经济时代下生存和发展的国际空间。本文从静态的李嘉图方程组出发,采用均衡和非均衡动态分析的方法,研究生物经济背景下农产品国际贸易的最优格局及发展趋势。要提高我国农产品的国际竞争力,作为农业经营的主体———农村劳动力素质的提高、农村人力资本的积累和发展是最为迫切,也是最为重要的。     

Malaysian Trade Policy and the 2001 WTO Trade Policy Review

The purpose of this paper is two–fold; to examine developments in trade and investment policy regimes in Malaysia following the on–set of the financial crisis, using the Trade Policy Review Malaysia: 2001 of the WTO as a reference point; and to evaluate the Review in terms of the objectives of the WTO Trade Policy Review Mechanism as set out in the Marrakesh Agreement. It is found that, by and large Malaysia has managed to come out of the crisis without compromising on its long–standing commitment to maintaining a relatively open trade and investment policy regime by the regional standards. However, there are some disturbing post–crisis developments, which deserve scrutiny in a future Review. These include increase in the degree of dispersion of tariff rates because of high tariff peaks relating to a few product lines, increased reliance on non–automatic import licensing to regulate imports of a significant number of products which directly compete with domestic production by public sector enterprises, and unexplained delays in meeting commitments under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)     

Turkey: Trade Policy Review, 2007

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the main issues highlighted in the Trade Policy Review: Turkey 2007. The paper studies first the main developments in Turkey’s trade regime and trade performance. Next it discusses Turkish trade policy under the headings of measures affecting imports, exports and foreign direct investment. The paper notes that the formation of the 1995 EU–Turkey customs union has contributed to a significant increase in the contestability of domestic markets through infusing predictability, transparency and stability to trade policy as well as by liberalising market access. But free trade in industrial goods between Turkey and the EU could still not be established mainly because of non‐tariff barriers and in particular because of the various problems faced in the elimination of technical barriers to trade (TBT). The final section of the paper discusses first the role of standards and conformity assessment in general terms and thereafter evaluates critically the Turkish approach to elimination of TBTs.