基于高等医学院校教育成本的核算与管理的研究

高等医学院校在我国教育事业的发展中发挥着十分重要的作用,由于教育改革进一步推进,给高等医学院校教育成本的核算与管理带来了巨大的挑战,因此高等医学院校加强对教育成本的核算及管理就尤为重要。但是高等医学院校的教育成本核算、管理还存在诸多问题,影响了高等医学院校的快速发展。所以高等医学院校要加强对教育成本核算与管理的研究,以提高其整体管理水平。     

医学院校不同专业培养成本的核算研究

随着高等医学教育的快速发展和市场经济的不断深入与需求,规范探讨、核算研究医学专业培养成本差异的成因及对现有教育资源下医学院校优势专业院系的生存与发展,都具有现实指导意义。     

对高等医学院校大学英语教学改革的探索

随着我国社会经济的发展以及对外交流的不断增强,大学英语教学面临着新的挑战.作为专业性极强的高等医学院校更是将大学英语教学改革放在了重要位置上.如何才能让大学英语教学与医学专业的相关知识更紧密的结合起来,更好地为医学院校毕业的大学生们为今后的工作学习服务,是当前大学英语教学改革所要探索的.     

高等医学院校学生管理的实践与经验

学校的管理工作除了教书以外就是育人,而育人的根本并不是以知识量的多少来衡量的,它需要对学生的世界观、人生观、价值观等等方面进行教育,让他们树立崇高的理想,建立人生奋斗的目标,所以作为学校传道、授业、解惑的任务是十分艰巨的,再加上医学院校的特殊性,所以对学生管理的要求就更加的严格,必须要具备一定的思想境界和高尚的人格情操,才能在走出校门以后真正的做到救死扶伤.本文从加强高等医学院校学生管理的必要性入手,对其管理实践及策略进行了深入的探析.     

关于高等医学院校新任教师入职培训的思考

教师队伍建设是高校发展的永恒主题。高等医学院校新任教师入职培训是使刚从医学院校毕业的医学生顺利向教师转变的重要环节。然而,当前医学院校新任教师入职培训还普遍存在很多问题,这需要我们从提高对入职培训的认识、改革入职培训模式、加强对入职培训的支持等方面进行思考和探索。     

高等医学院校在线教学质量评价系统的优化

文章分析了当前在线教学质量评价系统的现状,根据高等医学院校教育质量监控与保障的实际需求,依据全面质量管理理论,对高等医学院校在线教学质量评价系统的研发及优化提出一些建议:应形成全员性、全面性、全程性和纵向性评价。     

新时代医学院校专业技术岗位动态管理机制研究

新时代党和国家各项事业呈现蓬勃发展新趋势,在这样的大背景下,历经数年探索和改进,高校在人事制度改革上也取得重大突破。医学院校长期以来拥有众多优秀专业技术人才,特别重视对专业技术岗位的管理,随着高校人事制度改革不断发展,为建设“双一流”高校及做好人才培养,专业技术岗位动态管理被广泛提出。文章以医学院校专业技术岗位管理作为着眼点,分析专业技术岗位实行动态管理的意义、面临的问题与挑战,并提出相应解决措施。     

高等中医药院校教育成本控制的探讨

高等中医药院校作为当代中国高等教育体系中重要的一员,其管理具有高等教育管理的共性,通过深入分析教育成本管理过程中存在的问题,对高等中医药院校教育成本管理及控制进行了探讨,并提出相应的对策,以期能够有助于提高中医药院校的管理水平,健全和完善教育成本的核算体系。     

创新:高等专业教育的本质属性

教育对国家或地区的发展起着全局性、基础性、根本性作用。加强现代化教育,培养新型的高素质专业人才,是我国科教兴国战略的重要内容。社会实践、社会发展的本质是创新,教育是社会进步的集中反映,也需要创新。本文从高等专业教育的社会属性、职业属性、本体属性三个方面,对创新在高等专业教育的地位和作用进行了哲学辨析。     

对高等医学教育成本管理与办学效益的探讨

高等医学教育的管理具有所有高等教育管理的共性。文章通过对教育成本管理的现状以及所存在的问题进行分析,对高等医学教育成本管理问题和效益进行了深入的探讨,并提出相应的改进措施,以期使教育成本管理能更加成熟和完善,从而有利于降低教育成本,提高高校管理水平和办学效益。     

火力发电厂成本管理探析

节能减排是当今社会的研究热点,而火力发电企业是主要控制减排对象,研究火力发电企业成本管理．对实现火力发电企业科学、经济、高效运行,具有十分重要的意义。在系统分析火力发电企业成本构成基础上,分析了目前火力发电企业成本管理存在的问题,提出了几点具有针对性的对策。     

Estimated medical cost reductions associated with apixaban in real-world patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Abstract

Objective:

The Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial demonstrated that apixaban was effective in reducing the risk of stroke and major bleeding in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients. Medical cost avoidance studies for oral anticoagulants have used warfarin event rates from clinical trials, which may not reflect the real-world (RW) setting. This study aimed to estimate the difference in medical costs associated with apixaban instead of warfarin in RW NVAF patients.

Methods:

This study selected patients with NVAF diagnosis during 2007–2010 from a Medco population of US commercial and Medicare health plans. Stroke and major bleeding excluding intracranial hemorrhage (MBEIH) were identified using diagnosis codes. Pharmacy claims were used to define warfarin exposure periods. Rates of stroke and MBEIH were calculated during warfarin exposure. To estimate the absolute risk reduction (ARR) between warfarin and apixaban in RW, the relative risk reductions (RRR) from ARISTOTLE were multiplied by the event rates observed in RW during warfarin exposure. Medical cost reductions associated with apixaban were calculated by applying the ARR to the 1-year incremental cost for each event. Stroke and MBEIH costs were obtained from the literature and adjusted to 2011 levels.

Results:

During a patient year, the use of apixaban instead of warfarin resulted in medical cost reductions of $493 for stroke and $752 for MBEIH and $1245 for the combined outcome of both events. The medical costs avoided were greater as baseline stroke risk increased.

Conclusion:

If RRRs demonstrated in ARISTOTLE persist in RW, the use of apixaban will be associated with lower medical costs vs warfarin. Main limitations of this study were: identification of clinical events using administrative codes rather than confirmatory clinical data, inability to evaluate the level of international normalized ratio (INR) control, and not including INR monitoring and drug costs.     

浅析高校贫困学生资助管理模式存在的问题及对策

随着高校招生规模的不断扩大,家庭贫困的学生人数也在逐年攀升,这成为了国家、社会和高校共同关注的问题.2007年,国家颁布了《关于建立健全普通本科高校、高等职业学校和中等职业学校家庭经济困难学生资助政策体系的意见》.新资助政策体系的建立,虽然在实践中起到一定积极作用,但在具体实施过程中陆续暴露出界定及资助标准单一、经济困难学生自身认识不足等问题.     

Estimated medical cost reductions associated with use of novel oral anticoagulants vs warfarin in a real-world non-valvular atrial fibrillation patient population

Objective:

Results of randomized clinical trials (RCT) demonstrate that novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are effective therapies for reducing the risk of stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Prior medical cost avoidance studies have used warfarin event rates from RCTs, which may differ from patients receiving treatment in a real-world (RW) setting, where the quality of care may not be the same as in a RCT. The purpose of this study was to estimate the change in medical costs related to stroke and major bleeding for each NOAC (apixaban, dabigatran, and rivoraxaban) relative to warfarin in a RW NVAF population.

Methods:

Patients (n?=?23,525) with a diagnosis of NVAF during 2007–2010 were selected from a Medco population of US health plans. Stroke and major bleeding excluding intracranial hemorrhage (MBEIH) events were identified using diagnosis codes on medical claims. RW reference event rates were calculated during periods of warfarin exposure. RW event rates for NOACs were estimated by multiplying the corresponding relative risk (RR) from the RCTs by each reference rate. Absolute risk reductions (ARR) or number of events avoided per patient year were then estimated. Changes in medical costs associated with each NOAC were calculated by applying the ARR to the 1-year cost for each event. Costs for stroke and MBEIH were obtained from the literature. Drug and international normalized ratio monitoring costs were not considered in this analysis.

Results:

Compared to RW warfarin, use of apixaban and dabigatran resulted in total (stroke plus MBEIH) medical cost reductions of $1245 and $555, respectively, during a patient year. Rivaroxaban resulted in a medical cost increase of $144.

Conclusions:

If relative risk reductions demonstrated in RCTs persist in a RW setting, apixaban would confer the greatest medical cost savings vs warfarin, resulting from significantly lower rates of both stroke and MBEIH.     

The direct medical cost of rheumatoid arthritis in Hong Kong

Summary

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder of unknown aetiology. Both treatment and rehabilitation for RA are costly. Knowledge of the cost of management of RA is important for better planning for allocation of medical resources, and the present study aimed to evaluate and describe the direct medical cost of the management of RA from the perspective of a public health organisation in Hong Kong.

A retrospective study was performed of RA patients at the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong. The study cohort consisted of randomly selected RA patients from the 1st January 2002 to the 31st December 2002. Cost items studied included hospital stay, outpatient clinic visits, diagnostic tests, medications, auxiliary care, and cost for management and prophylaxis of side effects induced by the drugs for RA management.

A total of 147 patients were included in the study. The average age and duration of disease of the subjects was 54.7 years (standard deviation 10.9 years) and 12.6 years (standard deviation 7.0 years), respectively. The annual direct medical cost per RA patient was HK$18,657 (US$1 = HK$7.8). Inpatient care contributed the highest proportion of the total cost (43.8%). The annual direct medical cost for the management of RA in Hong Kong was HK$443 million, which comprised 1.4% of the total healthcare budget in the year 2002.

The cost of RA has an economic impact on the healthcare budget in Hong Kong. Early and more aggressive measures could reduce the need for hospitalisation and hence reduce costs.     

高校建设工程委托审计质量控制研究

随着我国高等教育事业的蓬勃发展,建设投资增大,工程审计作为规范建设管理的重要部分也随之跟进。由于学校内部审计人员数量有限,不能满足日益增多的审计任务,为此,委托社会审计就成为内审工作的重要部分。为了规范委托社会审计单位管理,严格控制审计质量,试通过建立社会审计单位备选库和PDCA循环控制方法对工程委托审计质量控制进行研究。     

我国高校财务管理问题与对策研究

进入21世纪以来,随着高等教育改革的不断深入,我国高校办学规模逐步扩大,办学条件得到明显改善,随之而来的是对教育经费需求的大量增加。而国家财政对教育拨款有限,高校只能以银行贷款来弥补教学经费的不足,这导致债务利息成为高校的沉重负担,高校财务风险管理的是否有效已经严重影响高校发展。     

高等学校财务预算问题研究

“凡事预则立，不预则废”，预算管理是高校财务管理的重要内容。加强高校财务预算管理是社会主义市场经济的要求，是提高教育经费使用效益的要求，是增强办学实力的要求。通过分析我国高等学校预算管理的现状和存在的问题，在此基础上提出加强高等学校财务预算管理的对策，以充分发挥预算管理在高校财务管理中的重要作用。     

对企业产品生产成本控制的探讨

随着科学技术的发展,市场竞争的加剧,企业生产经营环境正发生着深刻的变化,成本控制越来越成为企业发展的新的利润增长点,也是企业提高市场竞争力的重要手段。现今的市场更多的是买方市场,每一个细分市场都有众多企业在竞争,而生产的往往是同质产品,差异不大。这时,如果企业的成本比竞争对手具有优势,那么它就可以运用低价竞争手段,扩大市场占有率。通过对中美企业成本管理方式的比较,找出我国企业成本控制中存在的一系列问题,并提出加强我国企业成本控制的措施,对我国企业的成本控制进行深入探讨。     

中国通货膨胀的福利成本研究

Inflation is always an important indicator to measure whether economy is stable and healthy. This paper provides a substantive survey of the research on the welfare cost of inflation, and uses the methods of consumer’s surplus and neo-classical general equilibrium models respectively to estimate the welfare cost of inflation in China. The results show that high inflation will cause huge welfare cost in China, so keeping low inflation is beneficial to the entire economic welfare of China. __________ Translated from Jingji Yanjiu 经济研究 (Economic Research Journal), 2007, (4): 30–42, 159