体验经济时代下旅游产品的设计与创新--以古村落旅游产品体验化开发为例

在体验经济时代,旅游及其产品被赋予了更深的内涵和更高的期待,而在现实开发中却存在很大的不足。针对这种不平衡性,本文在旅游与体验的内在关系分析基础上。以古村落旅游产品开发为例,提出了旅游产品体验化创新的系统框架,并具体阐述了旅游产品体验化设计的一系列新方法、新途径。     

旅游体验研究:进展与思考

本文从旅游体验和体验经济两个方面的理论综述和进展追踪出发,提出了基于该两方面理论具体到体验塑造实践的应用.文章总结了旅游体验的分类、概念化发展、真实性、体验质量、体验管理等问题.基于对体验分类的理论分析,提出了通过主体体验化和支撑主题化的旅游体验塑造途径;基于考察体验的影响逻辑,提出了改善体验质量的方法.     

The Political Economy of Tourism in Cambodia

This paper provides an overview of the historical development of the Cambodian political economy and the role of tourism in shaping it since the early 1990s when Cambodia opened its door to the world. The paper provides a general overview of tourism products and the government's policies in tourism development in Cambodia and then examines the perceived impacts of tourism on socio-economic development. It is argued that tourism plays an important role in socio-economic development and national identity promotion, but that proper management of tourism is required to control the spread of HIV/AIDS and child sex tourism.     

论旅游是市场经济发展产物

" 旅游现象是市场经济发展产物"是一个具有规律性的命题,本文将就为什么会有这种认识、为什么以托马斯·库克的工作作为标志,以及这个命题的限定等问题作出解释.     

中国旅游产业结构变迁对旅游经济增长的影响

文章从产业结构合理化和高级化两个维度考察了中国旅游产业结构变迁的特征,通过构建计量模型分析了旅游产业结构变迁对中国旅游经济增长的影响,并验证了该影响的可靠性。结果表明:(1)整体看我国旅游产业结构的高级化程度在提升、合理化程度在波动中下降,但区域差异明显;(2)旅游产业结构变迁对我国旅游经济增长的影响具有区域普遍性和持久性,但影响力在下降;(3)旅游产业结构变迁对旅游经济增长影响力的大小具有时段性特征,但比较而言,旅游产业结构合理化是推动旅游经济增长的基础性动力。针对上述结论,文章进一步讨论了其成因并提出了相关建议。     

中国旅游经济增长动态路径的阶段性变迁识别——基于马尔科夫区制转移模型的实证分析

文章基于我国国内和国际旅游收入年度数据,在分别对其总量和增长率序列进行定量探讨后,运用双阶段马尔科夫区制转移模型,对我国旅游经济增长动态过程进行阶段性变迁识别和转移分析。结论表明：（1）随着时间的推移,国内和国际旅游收入均大体呈不断攀升的态势,国内旅游收入增长率呈U形变化,而国际旅游收入增长率呈周期性变化特征。（2）国内（国际）旅游收入维系快速（低速）增长的可能性要强于其保持低速（快速）增长的可能性,国内（国际）旅游收入维系快速（低速）增长的可能性要强于国际（国内）旅游收入。（3）无论是国内旅游收入还是国际旅游收入,当其增长率较高时,通常都会存在潜在的较大不确定性,当其增长率较低时,所面临风险冲击的可能性也较小,国际旅游收入快速（低速）增长时的波动性显著强于国内旅游收入快速（低速）增长时的波动性。（4）从近年来的发展趋势看,国内旅游收入增长率仍然具有持续攀升的强劲势头,同时也将会伴随较大的波动性,国际旅游收入增长率维持平缓低位推进的可能性较大,与此相对应的波动性较小。     

基于旅游体验视角的旅游产业价值链分析

由于产业链的概念不清与旅游定义不明确,旅游产业的边界也因此十分模糊。本文从旅游体验是旅游现象的硬核的视角出发,根据新兴产业的模块化特征,围绕旅游体验的生产与服务供给,分析旅游产业价值链的结构与特点,并据此分析旅游产业的边界及其划分意义。     

中国旅游产业对国民经济的贡献研究

文章采用旅游增加值剥离测算法估算2000～2008年中国大陆31个省级单位的旅游产业增加值,并测量旅游产业增加值对国民经济的贡献率和拉动幅度,旨在分析旅游产业在国民经济中的地位。结论有三:第一,我国旅游产业以高于国内生产总值的增长速度快速成长,波动较大且存在地区差异;第二,旅游产业的发展与国民经济的整体发展水平密切相关,在以旅游产业作为先导产业的省份中,旅游产业对国民经济的拉动作用较为显著;第三,我国大部分地区的旅游产业对GDP贡献率主要集中在3%～8%,而拉动系数则保持在0.5至1.5个百分点之间。     

认同：旅游体验研究的新视角

作为旅游现象的内核,旅游体验具有丰富的内涵,可从不同的视角加以诠释。文章从认同角度对旅游体验中的认同（成分）加以诠释,指出在旅游体验中认同呈现出多种形态,从外在的目的地认同,到对旅游者角色认同,再到文化认同,最后到自我认同,呈现出一定的层次性。通过各种形态的认同,旅游体验才能彰显其独特价值。     

Of spectacular phantasmal desire: tourism and the Cuban state's complicity in the commodification of its citizens

Tourism is a multibillion dollar industry worldwide that has transformed apparently marginalised locations into hotspots of consumerism. Governments seeking low investment, high‐yield industries have turned to this service industry to facilitate the generation of income for state coffers. In doing so, states have become integral players in the selling of their own citizenry. This article uses the emergence of the Cuban tourism industry to explore how Cuba's socialist state, ideologically existing for the emancipation of its people, works to commodify and, through that commodification, control its populace. This article makes use of a decade's worth of ethnographic fieldwork to illustrate how Cubans engage and negotiate these processes with foreigners, adapting and adopting the state's attempts to commodify their bodies, for their own advantage rather than the state's. The production of these illusionary desires ultimately results in the creation of Cuban phantasms that undermine the state's own selling of the Revolution and ultimately, its control over its citizenry.     

The Role of Inbound Tourism in the Singaporean Economy: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Assessment

This study has employed recently published input–output (I–O) tables and tourism survey data and built a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, to assess the role of inbound tourism in the Singaporean economy and thus to reveal its implications for tourism marketing. Compared with the I–O analysis, the CGE modeling takes into account the feedback effect in the economy and thus produces more reliable results. The modeling results show that inbound tourism contributes significantly to the Singaporean economy, but it competes mildly with non-tourism sectors for resources. Although tourism shopping accounts for about half of total tourism expenditure, its economic contribution is much less than that of the tourism service in terms of GDP, employment, household income, and tax revenue. This suggests that, in developing and marketing Singapore as a tourist destination, more efforts are needed to encourage tourism services demand.     

Exploring the Role of Travel and Tourism in Sharing Economy Activities: A Case Study of South Korea

This study explores the role of travel and tourism in sharing economy activities by using a case study of Seoul, South Korea. The findings reveal 1) significant associations between respondents’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics and their participation level in diverse sharing economy activities; 2) significant differences in future intention to participate in diverse sharing economy activities among groups; and 3) interest in travel and tourism was most strongly related to future intention to participate in diverse sharing economy activities. Policy making implications of the sharing economy focused on the role of travel and tourism are discussed in the conclusion.     

论假日经济内涵、特征及其与假日旅游之联系

旅游学界对于将假日经济等同于假日旅游虽然提出了质疑 ,但却始终未能获取明晰的答案。由此 ,本文将运用数理经济方法 ,对假日经济的经济内涵、特征及其与假日旅游的联系作出定性说明 ,以期为发展假日旅游有所裨益。     

The effects of push and pull travel motivations,personal values,and destination familiarity on tourist loyalty: a study of Chinese cigar tourists to Cuba

This study examined Chinese cigar tourists’ motivations for visiting Cuba. Six push factors and five pull factors were identified using a push–pull factor framework. The effects of travel motivations, personal values, and destination familiarity on tourist loyalty were examined using a sample of 348 Chinese cigar tourists. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that unique experience seeking (a push factor) and destination-specific attractions and socialistic nostalgia (pull factors) predicted revisit intention; socialistic nostalgia also predicted willingness to recommend. Destination familiarity was found to influence revisit intention but not willingness to recommend. Personal values appeared unrelated to tourist loyalty.     

旅游管理专业体验式教学人才培养模式初探

旅游管理专业教学中存在理论与实践脱节、学生知识迁移能力低下、职业道德缺乏、“供需错位”等问题。以体验式教学为理念进行旅游管理专业人才培养模式的创新,不仅可以解决上述问题,而且开拓出一条培养复合型、应用型、开放型人才的基本模式。基于情知教学论和建构主义学习论,结合旅游管理专业特点,文章初步构建了旅游管理专业体验式教学的人才培养模式,并从实施原则、教学环境建设、教学内容、教学方法、教学组织等方面进行了较系统的探讨。     

Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century: Valued Traditions and New Perspectives

The present article uses the example of the Alta Museum to discuss how museums have become dependent on tourism as a necessary source of income. This dependency has often been regarded as a challenge to the scholarly quality of the exhibits. The article argues that the involvement in tourism has less impact on what is represented by the museum and more on how the museum needs to represent the exhibition and its context. The article discusses the possible conflicts and contradictions between the traditional ideology of museums and modern tourism. The Alta Museum is then analysed in order to demonstrate how the museum is involved in a tourism system in which location is vital. The last part of the article analyses the Alta Museum in relation to the concepts of McDonaldisation and Disneyization. This analysis reveals the importance for museums to adapt to modes of productions that are familiar to international tourists. Museums thus become spaces for having a ‘good time’.     

Tourism destination decisions: the impact of risk aversion and prior experience

This study broadly explores the impact of risk aversion on tourists' destination decisions and, in particular, explores for differences in individuals' leisure and medical tourism destination decisions. The results of this study indicate that risk aversion significantly distinguishes tourists' destination decisions in both leisure and medical tourism in Indonesia, but not in Singapore. All risk-averse groups are less likely to visit Indonesia than Singapore for leisure and medical purposes. By contrast, all risk-averse groups are likely to visit Singapore for leisure purposes, although they remain unlikely to travel to Singapore for medical tourism. In addition, the study found that the impact of prior experience on the likelihood that the two risk-averse groups will travel to Indonesia and Singapore for leisure was significant. Conversely, the effects of prior experience on medical tourism generally do not significantly differ between the two countries.     

基于经济社会环境和谐发展的旅游学科核心体系的思考

旅游学科发展至今,国际和国内旅游学基础理论方面的研究都已取得一定的成果,但公认的学科核心体系尚未建立起来。目前的研究存在着明显的经济导向色彩,忽视了环境和社会方面的研究,其片面性已经在实践中得到了证实。旅游学科体系框架的构建需要将环境、社会问题纳入框架的核心。本文试图通过对现有理论的审视,基于经济社会环境的和谐发展,从发生学、系统观视角来讨论旅游学的核心,尝试建立旅游学科的框架体系。从发生学角度看,旅游的核心是旅游活动,其中,既包括旅游者活动,也包括旅游供给方的各项活动,可将其归纳为旅游经济系统、旅游环境系统和旅游社会系统。与此对应,以旅游活动为核心的旅游学科体系也应该以旅游经济学、旅游环境学和旅游社会学三者并重的方式进行探讨和研究,不仅应考虑旅游产生的各种经济现象、社会关系和环境影响,也应考虑把其作为社会大系统中的一个子系统研究对其他子系统的影响。     

规模经济、产品差异化与中国入境旅游空间结构的变动

本文研究了1986年至2005年中国入境旅游空间结构的变动情况,并对两类入境旅游集中的典型地区的旅游发展路径进行了剖析.研究认为,中国入境旅游在总体趋于分散的背景下,也存在着两个明显的集聚现象.第一,长期以来入境旅游在传统旅游热点地区高度集聚;第二,云南成长为新的集聚中心.对于前者的解释是,良好的旅游基础设施和接待设施、较高的知名度使传统旅游热点地区在改革开放之初就进入了一个动态的、自我发展的良性循环.对于后者的解释是,极具地方特色的差异化旅游产品的开发与营销以及政府主导下的大规模的旅游基础设施建设使云南旅游成功地实现了从"低水平陷阱"向"自我发展的良性循环"的"惊人一跃".     

中国收入分配结构演变对国内旅游消费的影响

国内旅游是成熟旅游业的主体，其发展与经济水平高度相关。本文从居民收入及其分配结构演变角度，对20年来中国国内旅游消费及其特征进行理论性分析。