安徽、江苏两省出口产品竞争力实证分析

改革开放以来,中国的外贸经济得以快速发展,但地方外贸存在着极大的不平衡。通过应用偏离份额分析法,从出口产品增长的预期值、结构分量、竞争力分量三个角度对比分析安徽和江苏两省的出口产品竞争力,可以发现两省出口产品在结构、侧重点以及在发展模式上存在差异容。这也能从另一个侧面体现中国外贸经济的发展轨迹。     

安徽省出口产品结构的实证分析

出口产品结构是一国（地区）要素禀赋、经济与科技发展水平的具体表征，安徽省如何在现行条件下实现出口产品结构的升级取决于对其结构的系统研究。文章系统分析了安徽省出口商品结构的总体现状和内部结构，并与全国水平相比较。得出结论：1999-2006年，安徽省出口产品结构与全国平均水平一样，都实现了出口商品结构的显著升级。但内部结构存在着相异性；且结构分析显示，安徽省初级产品与工业制成品的结构变化都高于全国平均水平，表明安徽省出口产品结构正经历一场出口结构转变的显著变革。     

中印纺织品和服装出口结构的相似度与分散度比较研究

中国和印度毗邻，在贸易结构上具有较大的相似性。在纺织品和服装行业，通过对产品相似度和分散度的计算，发现中国的出口产品分散程度低于印度。中国应当从自身的比较优势出发，优化自身的产品结构，在提升竞争力上作出政策选择。     

关于我国外贸出口结构的分析

改革开放20年以来，我国出口产品结构已经发生了很大的变化。但是目前中国产业结构不够合理而导致的出口产品结构不合理、竞争力不强已成为制约出口规模进一步扩大的“瓶颈”。为了使中国出口商品结构不断优化，进而有效地促进出口贸易增长，在对我国现行外贸出口结构分析的基础上，提出了一些具体的建议。     

优化出口结构 促进产业升级——中国信保助力装备制造业走出去

在金融危机中,作为全球最大的劳动密集型产品供给国,我国的出口受到强烈冲击,如何优化出口结构,提高出口产品附加值,成为稳定出口的重要课题。装备制造业是为国民经济各行业提供技术装备的战略性产业,产业关联度高、吸纳就业能力强、技术资金密集,是各行业产业升级、技术进步的重要保障和国家综合实力的集中体现。稳定和支持装备制造业出口是有效抵御金融危机,提高出口产品市场竞争力的有效途径。     

中国产品国际竞争力之分析

文章根据产业国际竞争力理论,通过大量的统计数据,采用比较优势定量分析方法,从中国出口产品“类”、“章”两个角度进行实证分析,认为:(1)从“类”层次上看,中国工业制成品的贸易竞争力指数总体处于强的状况,尤其是纺织品处于竞争力很强的状况,但从“章”层次上看,中国纺织品等产业并不都是处于强势竞争力状况;(2)尽管中国主要出口产品的整体显示性比较优势状况处于一般状态,但却是朝着较强比较优势方向上升。文章认为在分析中国产品国际竞争力时还应考虑在华外资因素。     

出口产品技术水平的影响因素——基于跨国数据的实证研究

利用1997—2007年全球范围内177个国家或地区的分产品贸易流量数据,运用贝叶斯模型平均方法,对不同样本国家或地区的出口产品技术水平的影响因素进行了回归分析。实证结果表明:一国的要素禀赋和贸易开放程度对其出口产品技术水平的提高具有正向作用;实际有效汇率贬值会带来本国出口产品技术水平的下降;金融深化、金融结构优化有助于提高一国出口产品的技术水平。最后,结合经验发现提出相关政策建议和总结启示。     

中日贸易主要问题、对策及分析

一、中日两国对外贸易的总体状况近年来,中国和美国均为日本重要的贸易伙伴,但随着中国经济的发展、出口产品竞争力的提高,日本自中国的进、出口增速和比重均明显高出美国(见图1)。中日贸易的扩大主要源自国际分工的深化。譬如,日本的汽车产业已开始将部分在     

中美两国出口产品质量的测度及比较分析

本文基于BACI贸易数据库并运用Khandelwal et al.[1](2012)的测算方法,从整体、行业以及产品三个层面对1995-2013年中美两国的出口产品质量展开综合测度及比较分析.纵向比较来看,中美两国的出口产品质量在本文考察期内基本处于上升态势.横向比较来看,无论是整体层面、行业层面还是产品层面,中国的出口产品质量均低于美国.根据上述研究结论,本文认为要进一步缩小我国与美国等发达国家间的出口产品质量的差距,那么由传统的价格竞争向以品质提升为核心的非价格竞争转变将是推动我国外贸发展方式转型升级的必由之路.     

价格竞争还是质量竞争--中国出口产品竞争力的实证研究

中国出口产品普遍被认为“价廉质次”,然而这并不能充分解释中国出口贸易长期增长的实质。对中国2001年加入WTO以来出口产品竞争力的实证研究表明：一方面,中国出口产品的相对单位价格呈现持续下降的趋势,这说明低价竞争是中国出口产品的一个主要特征;另一方面,中国出口产品质量在逐年上升,其中高技术出口产品的质量竞争力较为明显,这说明中国出口产品并未陷入低质量产品的陷阱。在新时期进一步深化对外贸易转型中,把握中国出口产品竞争力特征对我国对外贸易政策制定有重要意义。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.