粗糙集应用于功能评价系数的确定

价值工程的功能评价系数已有多种传统确定方法,并应用于实践。但这些方法都反映了决策者对功能属性的主观判断。把粗糙集理论引入价值工程中,根据粗糙集理论的属性重要度来确定功能属性的权重,克服了传统方法确定权重的主观性,所得结果与传统方法相比,更为合理和更为客观。     

企业金融化、内部控制与审计质量

企业金融化在资本市场与金融市场领域的研究比较深入,但学者对企业金融化在审计领域的研究关注较少。以2010—2018年我国A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验企业金融化对审计质量的影响以及内部控制对两者关系的调节作用。研究发现,企业金融化与审计质量显著负相关,内部控制能显著抑制企业金融化对审计质量的负向影响。进一步研究发现:审计业务复杂程度和审计风险在企业金融化对审计质量的影响中发挥显著的中介效应,即企业金融化通过增加业务复杂程度和审计风险,从而降低审计质量;来自四大的审计师具有更强的专业胜任能力和独立性,且连续审计中,其能更好地利用内部控制以应对企业金融化带来的风险;内部控制五要素中内部监督能显著抑制企业金融化对审计质量的负向影响,而内部环境、风险评价、信息沟通、控制活动均未能显著抑制企业金融化对审计质量的负向影响。研究结论丰富了企业金融化与审计质量领域的相关文献,拓展了企业金融化经济后果的理论边界,同时也为推行建立健全良好的内部控制制度提供了经验证据。     

论建立乡镇政府审计机关的必要性——基于审计需求和审计主体的理论框架

以资源为基础的委托代理关系、激励不相容、信息不对称、环境不确定性,这些是主要的审计需求因素,独立性和审计成本是影响委托人构建或选择审计主体的主要因素。根据上述理论框架分析,乡镇政府各行政部门、乡镇直属事业单位、村居集体经济组织、乡镇集体经济企业、村居委员会这些组织对乡镇政府审计机关作为优先审计主体有着稳定和相当规模的需求,从独立性和成本效益原则两个视角,为了满足乡镇审计需求,组建乡镇政府审计机关是完全必要的。     

风险导向审计视角下高校内部审计人力资源培养

随着风险控制日益受到组织重视,基于风险控制的风险导向审计成为审计基本方法发展的趋势。高等院校在开展内部审计工作时,面临各种风险的评估和认定。因此,在高等院校中开展和应用风险导向审计非常必要。本文从风险导向审计视角讨论了高校内部审计人员的素质要求和培养方式。只有培养和拥有合格的内部审计人员,才能真正实现风险导向审计在高等院校的应用和实践,提高审计工作质量和效果。     

再论重要性、审计风险与审计证据的关系

审计风险与重要性互为存在的条件,对两者的判断可以充分体现在审计测试中,最终通过审计证据反映审计工作结果,因此,理解审计风险与重要性之间的关系,并在此基础上加以正确评估,对于审计人员开展工作是至关重要的。本文从审计风险、重要性的概念入手,在探讨审计风险、重要性与审计证据属性及分类的基础上.着重阐述三者之间的关系,以期对审计工作起到一定的指导作用。     

论审计收费对独立性的影响

审计独立性是注册会计师执行鉴证业务的灵魂。笔者针对目前我国审计收费模式和收费价格方面所存在的问题,进行了分析,阐述对独立性的影响,并提出了改进的建议。     

CPA独立性缺陷与不足分析

审计独立性是审计的灵魂,既是审计人员的行为约束,也是审计人员的核心价值。审计独立性的缺失,会直接导致审计的风险加大,最终导致审计失败。本文从审计独立性的先天性缺陷和后天不足两个方面进行了分析,并进而提出建议供研究讨论。     

关于建立我国财务报表保险制度的构想

本文认为,在我国建立财务报表保险制度,可以从根本上解决目前存在的审计独立性问题,实现风险转移,有效保障投资者的利益,促使上市公司提高财务报表的质量;在此基础上对我国财务报表保险制度的基本框架进行了设计,提出了建立我国财务报表保险制度需进一步完善的配套措施。     

An Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Non‐audit Services on Auditor Independence in Appearance in the European Union: Evidence from Germany

The provision of non‐audit services by the statutory auditor may have a negative impact on auditor independence. Therefore, the European Union decided to prevent auditors from offering a significant extent of non‐audit services to audit clients. Prior research has revealed that different advisory services have different effects on perceived auditor independence. This could be caused by differences in number and intensity of independence threats (self‐interest, familiarity, self‐review, advocacy). Therefore, this experimental study investigates the effect of such threats on independence perceptions in the case of German individual investors. Multivariate analyses indicate that a high self‐interest and a high‐familiarity threat may impair auditor independence in appearance. On the other hand, our findings do not reveal a significant effect of an existing advocacy threat on investors’ trust in auditor independence. A negative effect of a self‐review threat is not directly confirmed. However, the provision of services with regard to internal controls, and thus the self‐review threat, interacts with the self‐interest threat. They potentially impact perceived auditor independence negatively when non‐audit fees are high. In contrast, no significant interactions with familiarity are found. Based on these findings, a general prohibition of non‐audit services does not seem to be necessary. On the other hand, a non‐audit fees cap might be reasonable.     

上市公司审计委托关系的重构——加强审计独立性的路径

本文首先分析了我国上市公司现行审计委托模式的缺陷,指出由上市公司直接委托会计师事务所审计的现行审计委托模式容易造成审计独立性缺失。然后结合我国实际,提出实行在中国证监会下设立审计委员会统一管理上市公司财务报表审计的新的审计委托模式。通过重构上市公司审计委托关系,增强注册会计师审计独立性。     

绩效预算模式下公共项目绩效审计研究

从公共项目绩效预算模式及其运作机制入手,探讨绩效预算模式下公共项目绩效审计的属性和内容,研究认为,绩效审计作为绩效预算的外部约束而存在,既是必要的,也是可行的.绩效审计和绩效管理有着不同的功能和属性.绩效预算模式下公共项目绩效审计的主要内容包括绩效预算评价体系审计、绩效目标要素审计、项目决策机制审计、项目目标实现程度审计.绩效审计应重点关注预算金额与绩效目标、绩效评价之间的匹配性.     

基于粗糙集和支持向量机的商业银行信用风险评估模型

结合粗糙集理论的属性约简和支持向量机(SVM)的分类机理,提出一种数据分类的混合算法;建立了基于此算法的商业银行信用风险评估模型。模型以粗糙集属性约简作为预处理器,删除冗余属性和冲突对象,但不损失有效信息;然后基于SVM进行分类建模和预测。实证表明,创建的模型分类性能良好,降低SVM分类过程的复杂度,一定程度上避免了训练模型的过拟合现象。通过与SVM和神经网络模型的比较,证实该方法用于信用风险评估的有效性。     

论我国独立审计的发展战略

随着我国会计审计国际化趋同的实现,我国独立审计服务业将面临严峻的竞争压力。在新形势下如何发展我国独立审计服务业,提高我国独立审计的国际竞争力显得尤为重要。本文分析了我国目前独立审计行业面临的各种具体问题,旨在通过建立适合我国国情的独立审计监管模式,改善独立审计市场激励机制,加强风险管理,提高审计质量,建立一套有中国特色的独立审计发展战略。     

论我国审计独立性的保障系统

审计独立性是个复杂的系统,本文从内外两方面分析了影响审计独立性系统的主要要素,并提出了保障系统正常运行的对策。     

烟草工业企业内部审计模式浅探

文章介绍了目前国家烟草工业企业内部审计的现状,通过对其利弊的分析,从法人治理结构的角度,提出符合烟草工业企业发展的内部审计模式的优化方案——建立监事会领导下的内部审计组织管理机制。     

审计指标评价识别的Rough-ANN模型

由于审计指标体系的开放性,当需要甄别的指标结构相对简单的时候,比较容易处理,但是当面对更加复杂的的财务报表以及其他相关数据时,需要完善和建立的审计指标系统也会更加复杂。本文首先介绍了Rough集(粗糙集)和ANN(人工神经网络)理论的出现为审计指标识别带来的机会,分析了这种识别模型的确立的可能性,将Rough集和ANN相结合,构造了审计对象识别的Rough-ANN模型,并结合一个实例来验证此模型的可行性和有效性。     

浅谈审计项目风险的应对措施

现代风险导向审计模式下,审计项目风险是一定存在的。审计项目风险既是制定审计实施计划的基础,又是检验审计工作的核心指标。文章从接受审计项目委托阶段、审计项目计划阶段、审计项目实施阶段、审计项目收尾阶段四个方面来具体探讨审计项目风险的应对措施。     

Non-audit Services and Audit Quality: Evidence from Private Firms

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between audit quality in private firms and the provision of non-audit services (NAS) – an issue that has rarely been considered in prior research. The threats to auditor independence are different in private firms compared to public firms. The same is true of the opportunities to use the same knowledge for audit and for NAS. Therefore, the effect of the provision of NAS on audit quality is also likely to be different. In this study, audit quality is measured by discretionary accruals, as well as by managers' perceptions of the extent to which the audit improves accounting quality. The regression analysis is based on 420 surveyed private firms in Sweden and suggests that audit quality is positively associated with NAS in general and accounting services in particular. The findings indicate that the joint provision of audit and NAS do not necessarily result in impaired auditor independence, but rather support the existence of knowledge spillover between the services.     

浅析非审计服务对审计独立性的影响

审计独立性是审计服务的核心和灵魂,随着非审计服务在会计师事务所业务中所占的比例越来越大,对审计独立性的影响也随着增大。文章阐述了非审计服务对审计独立性的影响,并提出了应对措施。     

Impact of renewable long-term audit mandates on audit quality

Anglo-American countries like the US and the UK allow companies to switch auditors every year. In contrast, some continental European countries restrict auditor switching by allowing only renewable long-term audit mandates. This paper aims to analyse the impact of renewable long-term audit mandates on audit quality. Audit quality is considered from the viewpoint of the external users of the financial statements. It is questioned whether renewable long-term audit mandates have an impact on the auditor's reporting behaviour and on auditor independence. This research is motivated by the lack of consensus in the literature on the impact of the length of the auditor client relationship on audit quality. Moreover, few empirical studies use publicly available secondary data in order to determine whether perceived threats to auditor independence actually compromise auditor independence. Therefore, our research methodology consists in the development of a logistic regression model in which the explanatory variables are measured using publicly available data. The results of the study suggest that long-term auditor client relationships significantly increase the likelihood of an unqualified opinion or significantly reduce the auditor's willingness to qualify audit reports. A significant difference was also found between the auditor's reporting behaviour in the first two years versus the last year of the audit mandate. Auditors are more willing to issue an unqualified audit report in the first two years of their official mandate than in the last year of their mandate. This could be an indication that the decision to renew the auditor's mandate is already taken and known to the auditor before he has issued his last audit report within his current mandate. The policy implications of these findings could be in favour of mandatory auditor rotation to maintain the value of an audit for the external users. However, given recent theoretic evidence on the adverse effects of mandatory auditor rotation, there is a need to develop alternative measures to safeguard auditors' independence.