中国的过渡会计学：研究框架与现实评价

阐述了过渡会计学的理论基石、概念与特征，分析了会计改革的原因和动力，展现了会计制度变迁的全景。对我国会计制度变迁的特征进行了简要评价，最后对会计制度的制订模式提供了意见和建议。     

中国不动产购买与开发的监管框架

一、中国不动产的概念与交易对象类型国际上对不动产的概念存在两种立法体例：一种是不动产是不能移动或移动必然毁损经济价值的物．具体指土地、土地之上的因着物（如建筑物等）、不能与土地分离的物．如土地的出产物．果实,树木．种子、肥料等;另一种是不动产是依性质不可移动、依用途不可移动、或权利客体不可移动、或法律规定不可移动的财产．指土地及建筑物、     

建立中国财务会计概念框架的总体设想

本文围绕在我国建立财务会计概念框架的基本问题,系统探讨了财务会计目标、财务报告信息的质量特征、财务报表的要素、要素的确认与计量、财务报告的列报等问题。本文在借鉴国外既有研究成果的基础上着重探讨了资产要素的定义,结合收入要素探讨了确认问题,在财务报告列报部分还具体探讨了财务报表确认、财务报表附注及其它财务报告的披露问题。     

规范会计研究与实证会计研究评析

传统会计研究(规范性研究)始于20世纪二、三十年代的美国,到20世纪六十年代达到黄金时期;实证会计研究产生于20世纪六、七十年代,并在八十年代成为主流。规范会计研究与实证会计研究的产生都有其必然性,都适应了其当时的客观环境,从方法论角度而言,各有其优缺点。无论规范会计研究还是实证会计研究都不可能一统天下,二者应该和谐共处。     

我国通货膨胀的形成机制——基于全球化逻辑框架的一个实证

本文立足全球化视角,构建了一个通胀形成机制的逻辑分析框架,在此框架下对产出缺口、流动性等通胀形成要素进行了分析,并在此基础上,扩展菲利普斯曲线,构建ADL模型进行实证研究。结果表明,产出仍是重要因素,不能因产能过剩而忽视潜在的通胀压力;货币并不必然造成通胀,但如果经济持续增长,货币充分进入实体领域则将化为现实通胀;资产价格对物价的影响显著并蕴含着巨大风险,货币政策应该关注资产价格;通货膨胀预期不断强化,并使得通胀具有自我形成机制,合理引导通胀预期非常必要。     

财务会计概念框架研究的比较与综评

本文在对目前主要的财务会计概念框架进行比较的基础上 ,着力阐述和综评了美国财务会计概念公告、国际会计准则委员会编报财务报表的框架、英国会计准则委员会的财务报告原则公告的各自优缺点。     

Financial Accounting Reform in Flemish Municipalities: An Empirical Investigation

This paper examines the cross-sectional differences in the level of adoption and implementation of the financial accounting reform in Flemish municipalities. For the first time ever in Belgian governments a cash-based budgetary accounting system is obligatorily being supplemented by an accrual accounting system. This study is based on an empirical analysis of municipal accounting practices and annual accounts 1995 in Flanders. The findings indicate that municipalities are coping with a lot of problems regarding transferability of business accounting and the study reveals significant factors explaining the level of compliance with the reformed accounting regulations.     

Managerial Ownership and Accounting Disclosures: An Empirical Study

This study examines empirically the effect of managerial ownership on firms' disclosures. Agency theory predicts that investors' information requirements increase with the agency costs of the firm. Managerial ownership mitigates agency costs and therefore should reduce investors' information needs. This study tests the hypothesis that firms with lower levels of managerial ownership provide more extensive disclosures by examining analysts' ratings of firms' disclosures. In contrast to the proxies used in prior studies that test this relationship, such as the earnings-return correlation and management earnings forecasts, these ratings provide a more direct measure of firms' overall disclosure practices.I find that the relationship between managerial holdings and disclosures depends on the type of disclosure. Consistent with the hypothesis of this study, firms with lower levels of managerial ownership are more likely to receive higher ratings for the disclosures provided in their annual and quarterly reports, even after controlling for size, performance, volatility of returns, the frequency of securities offerings and proprietary costs. The more informal and flexible aspects of disclosures, however, as measured by the investor relations rating, are not influenced by the level of managerial ownership. These results are consistent with prior research that predicts that firms lower their costs of capital by signaling a commitment to maintain a more open disclosure policy. Because annual and quarterly reports are less flexible, and therefore less likely to change, they may represent a more credible commitment to provide more informative disclosures.     

审计失败中的审计责任认定与监管倾向:经验分析

监管者对审计责任的认定倾向是审计执业环境的重要构成。本文选取1999—2006年间中国证券市场发生的72例财务报表审计失败进行观测,发现:(1)在监管实践较早期间(1999—2002年间)的审计失败样本观测中,88.2%的审计师遭到处罚;而2003—2006年间的审计失败观测中仅有23.6%的审计师遭到处罚;(2)在控制了审计失败观测的公司受处罚严厉度、舞弊期跨度、舞弊期间审计意见类型以及审计师规模后,仍能检测到近年来审计责任认定的显著缓和趋势;(3)即使对于审计师受到处罚的审计失败观测,在1999—2002年间平均82.7%的虚假陈述事项需要由审计师承担审计责任,而在2003—2006年间仅有平均41.2%的虚假陈述事项须由审计师承担责任。综上,监管机构在近年来对会计师事务所或签字注册会计师的审计责任认定显著趋于缓和与稳健;审计执业环境的这种变化趋势亦可为未来监管和司法实践中的审计责任界定提供有益的借鉴。     

Applicability Of The Conservatism Accounting Convention in China: Empirical Evidence

“Conservatism” is a widely accepted accounting convention in the industrialized world, but it has long been slated and prohibited in China under the orthodox ideological influences. To date, the conservatism convention has not been fully adopted or implemented in Chinese accounting although the Chinese government has made substantial efforts to reform its accounting system to bridge the gaps between the accounting practices in China and other industrialized countries in recent years. This study has, through a wide range questionnaire survey, empirically investigated the applicability of the conservatism accounting convention in China. We found that the survey respondents (consisted of business accountants, management, government officials, bank loan officers, investment analysts and auditors), in general, held no negative attitudes against the conservatism convention under the changing business environment in the country. There is clear evidence that various interested parties of business accounting would support an expanded adoption of “conservatism” in Chinese accounting. The study findings will facilitate a proper assessment of the future development of accounting standards and practices in China.     

我国股权众筹的法律风险与规制路径——基于498份裁判文书的实证分析

司法实践中,股权众筹在刑事领域易涉嫌非法吸收公众存款罪、诈骗类犯罪和组织、领导传销活动罪;在民商事领域存在欺诈风险、信息不对称风险、股份代持风险、平台风险和投资者退出风险。我国股权众筹规范效力位阶低,内容多指引,实质规定较少,整治方案并非长效机制,新修订的《中华人民共和国证券法》(简称新《证券法》)仍在原有规制逻辑和体系之内。分业监管造成股权众筹监管空白,监管主体亦不明确。司法规制方面,能动司法不足,既有民事责任追究机制在防控风险方面存在局限,金融纠纷的特别程序法制度缺位,股权众筹私人治理的功能优势无法发挥。因此,应确立公募股权众筹豁免制度,修正私募规制体系,建立私募股权众筹制度,并建构股权众筹投资者、融资者、平台的规制制度。     

我国股权众筹的法律风险与规制路径——基于498份裁判文书的实证分析

司法实践中,股权众筹在刑事领域易涉嫌非法吸收公众存款罪、诈骗类犯罪和组织、领导传销活动罪;在民商事领域存在欺诈风险、信息不对称风险、股份代持风险、平台风险和投资者退出风险。我国股权众筹规范效力位阶低,内容多指引,实质规定较少,整治方案并非长效机制,新修订的《中华人民共和国证券法》(简称新《证券法》)仍在原有规制逻辑和体系之内。分业监管造成股权众筹监管空白,监管主体亦不明确。司法规制方面,能动司法不足,既有民事责任追究机制在防控风险方面存在局限,金融纠纷的特别程序法制度缺位,股权众筹私人治理的功能优势无法发挥。因此,应确立公募股权众筹豁免制度,修正私募规制体系,建立私募股权众筹制度,并建构股权众筹投资者、融资者、平台的规制制度。     

中型会计师事务所发展战略分析

战略的本质是抉择、权衡和各适其位。对企业来讲,就是确定自己在市场中的位置,把重要的资源集中到相应的地方。所以,分析会计师事务所发展战略的一个重要方面就是确定具体的会计师事务所在整个审计市场中的定位。不同群体的会计师事务所由于其规模、地域、渊源等属性特征各有不同,其在审计市场中的定位也各有不同,战略决策亦当有所不同。本文以A会计师事务所为例,针对与其类似的中型会计师事务所的竞争态势,试提出一项适合其实际情况的“战略”,以期对与其在行业中所处位置相似的本土中型会计师事务所的战略决策过程起到一定参考作用。一、…     

美国注册会计师行业管理体制的演变

2002年7月25日,美国国会正式通过了《2002年公众公司会计改革和保护投资者法案》(以下简称新法案),布什总统于7月30日正式签署.     

宏观审慎管理框架下农村合作金融机构发展问题研究

近年来,经过新一轮深化改革,农村合作金融机构已经发展成为县域网点最多、涉农信贷投放最多、联系广大农民群众最紧密、农村普惠制金融服务和均等化建设贡献的农村金融纽带,但其在资本实力、风险、内控制度建设、公司治理等方面存在明显不足。为此,在目前加强宏观审慎管理的宏观政策背景下,我们在对农村合作金融机构改革和发展作出稳健性评估的基础上,针对当前农村合作金融机构发展中面临的问题与挑战,提出了促进稳健发展和尽快适应宏观审慎管理要求的政策建议。     

An Empirical Evaluation of the Usefulness of Non-GAAP Accounting Measures in the Real Estate Investment Trust Industry

We conduct three sets of analyses to compare the usefulness of net income, based on generally accepted accounting principals (GAAP), and the industry-advanced funds from operations (FFO) in the context of the real estate investment trust (REIT) industry. In our first set of tests, we find that FFO is more strongly associated with one-year ahead FFO and one-year ahead operating cash flows than is net income. Conversely, we find that net income explains more variation in one-year ahead net income and current stock price than does FFO. Second, in support of the claim that some REITs manipulate FFO, we document that young REITs and REITs that are likely to access capital markets are more likely to manage FFO. Third, we find that, for a sample of firms that disclose current value information, both net income and FFO fail to reflect holding gains or losses on unsold properties in a timely manner. Overall, our analyses suggest that the REIT industry's claim that FFO is more useful than net income is premature because the superiority of one measure over the other is highly contextual.     

Financial Accounting Reform in Flemish Universities: An Empirical Study of the Implementation

This paper presents an overview of the current accounting reform towards accrual accounting in Flemish universities. The focus is on the concept of the reformed accounting legislation and on the empirical outcomes of implementation based on an examination of annual accounts. An important issue is the unsuccessful mixing up of the traditional budgetary accounting system with the new financial accounting system. The empirical examination reveals a lot of accounting problems in the area of the reformed regulations as well as in the accounting practices and that the comparability of the annual reporting is not guaranteed even after years of experience.     

“监管沙盒”的国际模式和中国内地的发展路径

金融科技(Fintech)发展有望成为未来影响金融业务模式的重要因素。2016年以来,多个国家和地区相继出台"监管沙盒",以鼓励金融科技发展和金融创新。本文对英国、澳大利亚、新加坡、中国香港和中国台湾"监管沙盒"在作用定位、测试要求、测试授权和规则调整,以及配套措施等运作方式进行了比较分析。结合我国内地金融科技发展和监管现状,本文认为,内地具有建立"监管沙盒"的必要性和可行性:"监管沙盒"是促进金融科技发展的理想工具,且其基本原理与内地区域金融改革的逻辑一致。为了在有效防控风险的前提下鼓励金融科技创新,本文建议,在内地建立"监管沙盒"时,制度设计上可由简至繁,推进过程可对银行业先试先行,突出金融消费者的权益保护。在此基础上,可进一步探索构建跨地区"监管沙盒"合作机制。     

The Accounting Burdens Facing Small Firms: An Empirical Research Note

In recent years there has been much discussion regarding the burdens imposed on small firms by administrative requirements, and in particular those imposed by accounting requirements. The purpose of this note is to examine whether the relative burden of accounting requirements is general to small firms or specific to certain types of small firm. The main empirical finding of the note, using ordered probit analysis on a sample of 100 small firms, is that the relative burden of accounts as perceived by small firms is not contingent on the factors investigated.