跨域生态环境协同治理困境成因及路径选择

目前,跨域生态环境协同治理面临着环境保护内聚力不足、责任分担难以界定、合作共识难以达成等治理困境。建构以内生动力为驱动的多元协同治理模式,形成国家、市场和社会一体化的协作性治理网络是解决跨域生态环境治理中面临的困境的有效途径。多元协同治理模式的实现,必须健全决策与预防、参与执行、沟通协调、信息共享和互信、政绩考核与监管,以及生态补偿机制等协同治理机制,以保障跨域生态环境治理切实取得实效。     

跨区域生态环境合作治理中利益整合机制研究

合作治理乃是当前我国处理生态环境问题的新视野、新思路、新途径,它能够通过推进各区域缔结合作伙伴关系,达成合作治理共识,厘清治理责任,从而有效应对蔓延性、外部性、跨域性的生态环境问题。然而,利益整合问题仍是跨区域生态环境合作治理的掣肘和短板。因此,通过搭建区域信任与利益协商桥梁、健全利益诉求与利益表达体系、统一利益目标与增强利益分配规范化、优化利益共享与利益补偿格局等途径来构建利益整合机制乃是协调跨区域生态环境合作治理利益关系的必由之路。     

地方政府融资平台的风险责任

在风险社会的语境下,地方政府融资平台风险及其治理陷入"有组织地不负责任"的困境,存在风险责任缺失问题。由于风险的不确定性和风险识别和评估的特定规则、制度和能力的模糊不清,各责任主体在风险形成和治理中都存在失责行为。风险治理的前提和关键在于明确利益相关者"共同而有区别的责任"担当,推动各责任主体的有效合作,以构建"有组织地负责任"的风险责任机制。     

乡村治理结构及其困境研究——以某省某县某村为例

乡村治理就是多元治理主体对乡村的公共事务进行协同共治的过程,治理主体的多元性、治理方式的协同性、治理内容的公共性以及治理目标的综合性是其主要特征。为了探究现阶段传统乡村的治理情况,文章选取某省某县的一个传统自然村落为分析对象,试图呈现在行政村一级的两委班子职能弱化的情况下,以村民小组为基本治理单元的村治结构,以及由于权力结构失衡、家族势力、干部素质低下、政治信任缺失等导致的治理困境。     

基于ISM-MICMAC模型的京津冀跨域生态环境协同治理隐性障碍研究

跨域生态环境协同治理目前存在环境治理低效、协同效应欠佳现象,尚未形成稳定的治理格局。论文基于专家访谈和问卷调查数据,采用解释结构模型（ISM）、MICMAC等方法,从系统视角剖析了京津冀跨域生态环境协同治理隐性障碍之间的递阶层级结构关系和内在作用机理。研究表明：（1）京津冀三地政府在理念认知和利益结构上的差异是根源性隐性障碍,生态环境的公共物品性以及跨区域协同治理组织领导力与权威性问题对协同治理有显著负面影响;（2）政绩评估体系片面化、各行政区内部部门权责重叠以及信息和资源共享不充分等问题是主要障碍;（3）生态环境补偿不到位、预期收益不足以及市场调节不到位导致跨区域生态环境协同治理市场驱动力不足。三地政府应在理念认知和利益结构相互包容下,打破信任壁垒,创建互惠互利且足够稳定的协同网络,建立高效灵活对话机制、降低政府间沟通协调成本,方能化解目前的协同治理低效的困境,为推动京津冀高质量协同发展奠定良好基础。     

“双碳”目标下乡村生态合作治理的机制与逻辑

发展生态低碳农业是实现“双碳”目标的内在要求，而推进秸秆生态化处理是发展低碳农业的重要途径。但长期以来，农民生态责任意识淡薄，甚至成为农业“排碳者”。多元主体合作是“双碳”治理的最优选择。以往研究多关注乡村生态合作治理的制度设计和对策优化，基于“双碳”视角可以发现“秸秆悖论”的治理密码。碳责任是一套结构复杂的责任体系，是生产者和治理者的共同责任。碳责任归因、多元主体协商、责任份额调适、多维责任交互是达成合作的内在机制。在责任范围交互、责任量度匹配、激励性三个维度作用下，以责任内容为驱动力，可以生成层级“共责立方体”的模型。基于责任视角下的合作治理逻辑为基层政府组织农民有效参与低碳发展提供了新的模式借鉴。     

社会源危险废弃物治理中的政府责任:依据、问题与合理界定

由社会源危险废弃物引发的环境污染与资源浪费问题已日趋凸显,给危险废物监管提出了严峻挑战。文章系统阐述了政府承担社会源危险废弃物治理责任的理论基础与现实依据,进而提炼和归纳出该政府责任的应然内涵。以此为基础,深入剖析当前政府承担社会源危险治理责任所面临的突出困境:责任主体边界模糊、责任配置上权责失当、责任方式上重行政管制轻自主引导、责任履行中"越位"与"缺位"并存。建议在遵循政府主导、多元共治、权责一致原则的基础上,采取分类、分项、分层、分步的方法来构建社会源危险废弃物治理中的政府责任框架。     

农转非社区多元主体利益博弈下的协同治理研究——对成都市龙华二期社区治理的考察

现阶段,中国的社区治理正处于权力和资源的重组过程中,命令与控制的被动管理格局逐步被平等、弹性的网络组织结构所取代;传统的单一主体的治理模式向多元治理过渡.在社区各类主体都是"经济人",有自己的偏好和利益诉求,都追求自身利益的最大化,不可能做到完全的理性行为,必然会产生利益非合作博弈.文章是以成都市在"撤村建居"和"城中村"改造中产生的新型"农转非"社区为例,探索各治理主体如何摒弃利益执着,达成互动合作的正和博弈关系的社区治理模式.     

对生态文明中治理主体合作理念的哲学思考暨生态文明贵阳国际论坛的深思

贵阳市自2009年连续举办了四次生态文明贵阳会议后,2013年经国家批准举办了我国第一个生态文明国际论坛——生态文明贵阳国际论坛2013年年会。以2013年国际论坛为主结合历年年会,用文本分析方法对会议成果进行归纳研究而知,生态文明是追求经济效益和生态资源协调统一的新型文明形态,而以经济发展为一元化目标所构建的政府单一治理主体模式已经不适合对新文明形态的社会进行治理。生态文明实现需要超越工业化社会竞争的思维,构设一种治理主体间平等合作的哲学理念,充分调动非政府组织、企业、教研传媒其他社会组织作为社会治理主体的主人翁意识,深入认识到自我的长期利益和生态环境利益的统一性,形成多元主体合作治理体系才能突破生态文明建设的现实困境。     

从“碎片化”困境看跨域性突发环境事件治理的目标取向

受全球风险社会的影响,当代突发环境事件呈现出明显的跨区域边界、跨部门边界和跨时间边界的特征。2018年政府机构改革虽然新组建了生态环境部和应急管理部,提高了中国生态环境治理和应对突发事件的能力,但在处理跨域性突发环境事件时仍存在不少困境。研究表明,跨域性突发环境事件治理的困境主要包括治理流程"碎片化"、治理责任"碎片化"以及治理知识和信息"碎片化"三种类型。面对跨域性突发环境事件治理的"碎片化"困境,应进一步从整体性治理的角度积极实施"全过程"的危机治理、尽快完善危机治理责任清单制度和加强培养具有系统性知识的危机治理人才,从而构建与跨域性突发环境事件特征相适应的整体性治理体系。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.