新企业所得税法条件下的税收筹划

新企业所得税法按照统一适用税率、统一税前扣除标准、统一税收优惠政策、强化反避税措施等原则,对原企业所得税法进行了修改、补充和完善。新企业所得税法的诸多变化无疑将对企业的税收筹划产生重大影响。本文就新税法条件下的税收筹划进行了思考和阐述。     

新企业所得税的五大变化

国务院2007年12月6日颁布的企业所得税法实施条例将新企业所得税法的很多原则性规定进行了细化,增强了新税法的可操作性,并于2008年1月1日与企业所得税法同步施行。新企业所得税法及其实施条例在企业所得税的纳税主体、税率、税前扣除、税收优惠以及税收征管等方面都有较大程度的变化和创新,也给内资企业产生了积极和深远的影响。     

新企业所得税法的税收管辖取向

本文主要阐述了新企业所得税法的税收管辖取向,探究其与国际税收协定的冲突和协调,并就新企业所得税法对税收管辖权的运用进行了分析。     

新企业所得税法税收优惠制度介评

新企业所得税法的颁布与实施是我国税制改革的重大进展,该法不仅将有效改变企业间税负不平现象,还对税收优惠政策作出了重大调整,税收优惠制度成为新税法的一大亮点.新企业所得税法实行"产业优惠为主、区域优惠为辅"的新的税收优惠机制,统一了内资、外资企业的税收优惠政策,整合了现行税收优惠政策,明确了税收优惠的过渡期安排.     

对研发费用加计扣除税收优惠政策落实的简析

正实现国民经济长期持续、稳定、协调的发展,科技创新是根本保证。2008年新修订的《企业所得税法》对过去的税收优惠政策进行了调整,本着"产业优惠为主,区域优惠为辅"的原则,制定出台了一系列新的税收优惠政策,充分发挥了税收对科技创新工作的扶持作用。国家鼓励企业开展研究开发活动,对企业发生的符合规定要求的研究开发费用,在按照规定实行100%扣除的基础上,再按照研究开发费用的50%加计扣除。     

新企业所得税法的立法精神制度创新和实施问题

《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》(以下简称“新企业所得税法”)按照科学发展观和建立现代法人税制的要求,以统一法律、公平税负、完善税制、促进发展为立法精神和指导思想,在纳税主体制度、税率制度、税基制度、税收优惠制度、反避税制度、征收管理制度等方面进行了多项制度创新。其颁布实施必将为各类企业的发展提供统一、公平、规范的税收法治环境,促进我国市场经济体制走向成熟,推动中国经济又好又快发展。     

关于合理筹划纳税方案的探究

随着市场经济条件的变化,我国税收制度也不断进行调整完善,新企业所得税法的实施给企业纳税带来了新的环境。本文主要针对新的纳税制度进行解读,并结合具体案例提出了新企业所得税法的各项具体规定及在税收筹划中的运用,使这些具体措施能为企业纳税筹划提供一些借鉴。     

新企业所得税法专栏文章之九 新企业所得税法之税收优惠解读(下)

税收优惠是企业所得税制度的重要内容。本文继续对新企业所得税法及其实施条例中关于税收优惠的内容,从综合利用资源、加计扣除、加速折旧、投资抵免、民族自治地方的减免税优惠和专项税收优惠等方面进行分析和解读,并与原法进行了比较。     

导读

新企业所得税法的出台,掀开了企业所得税制度的新篇章,是我国税制改革取得的一个新进展。为了更好地使读者掌握新的企业所得税政策,深入了解企业所得税政策的新变化,感受新企业所得税法带来的影响,本刊编辑部推出了以“走进新企业所得税时代”为主题的“特别策划”栏目,将陆续刊登新企业所得税法出台的历史背景、条文解读、对社会各行业的影响、对税收工作的影响等系列文章,展现给广大读者。     

浅谈《企业所得税法》对应纳税所得额的影响

所得税法对企业税前扣除政策、公益性捐赠扣除政策、税收优惠政策等发生了变化,对企业应纳税所得额的计算产生了较大的影响,企业理财人员只有在熟知我国新所得税法的前提下,正确掌握和熟练运用新所得税法政策,才能减少企业税负,为企业创造出更大的经济效益。     

天津市企业所得税优惠政策执行情况的调查与思考

本文以天津市为例,对1999～2008年的企业所得税进行了实证分析,探讨了企业所得税优惠政策执行中存在的问题,从四个方面提出了进一步完善企业所得税优惠政策的建议。     

非居民企业承包境内工程如何缴纳企业所得税

非居民企业在中国境内承包建筑、安装、装配、勘探等工程作业或对有关工程项目提供劳务所取得的业务收入,如何依照税法规定征收企业所得税,本文从适用的税率、应纳税所得额的确定、税收管理等方面进行了分析。     

“十四五”时期的个人所得税改革展望

个人所得税在调节收入分配、实现社会公平方面具有重要作用。“十四五”时期的改革部署中明确提出了健全直接税体系,提高直接税比重的要求。因此,“十四五”时期个人所得税改革的重点在于提高个人所得税收入占税收总收入的比重,同时实现税收公平目标。对比近两年国外个人所得税发展趋势,发现我国个人所得税存在收入占比较低、劳动所得税负较重等问题。可以从多方面入手解决问题。一是将资本所得纳入综合所得计税范围,同时推进现代化税收征管,避免税收流失,以提高个人所得税收入占税收总收入的比重。二是通过完善专项附加扣除政策,进一步降低中低收入群体的税收负担,实现税收公平。三是优化高端人才税收优惠政策,提高人力资本积累对高质量发展的贡献。     

Earnings,institutional investors,tax avoidance,and firm value: Evidence from Taiwan

This study examines the valuation of earnings from China and Taiwan by foreign and domestic institutional investors across a sample of Taiwanese electronics firms. We further compare the valuation of firm earnings reported in tax havens and non-tax havens, and whether these firms have changed tax avoidance activities since 2004 when the Taiwanese government enacted stricter auditing of transfer pricing regulation.Our findings show that both operating income from the home country and investment income are positively associated with firm value. Operating income from China, however, is not significantly related to firm value when institutional ownership of the firm exceeds fifty percent. This result indicates that operating income is valued differently, depending on the location from which the income was generated. Non-operating income enhances firm value regardless of the revenue source. We also report that foreign institutional investors favor operating income from domestic and investment sources over earnings generated from non-domestic sources and other non-operating income. Furthermore, our results suggest that firms rearrange reported profits from subsidiaries located in tax havens to affiliates in other countries following the transfer pricing audit guide Taiwan implemented in 2004. Results also indicate firms may have been shifting profits to other low-tax-rate countries, or to countries which do not require firms to pay taxes, even if they are not doing business in that country.     

What Can America Learn from the British Tax System?

This paper examines elements of British tax policy and discusses their implications for the US, where several recent proposals would mirror aspects of the British system. These include reducing filing requirements under the individual income tax, indexing capital gains for inflation, cutting mortgage interest deductions, enacting a value added tax, and integrating the corporate and personal income taxes. The paper also discusses implications of the poll tax for tax reform. Britain and America have made different choices involving equity, efficiency, simplicity and other goals. These choices offer the chance to help identify the impact of tax policy. JEL classification: H20.     

浅谈"两法合并"后的涉外税收征管

"两法合并"以后,涉外税收将继续存在。本文针对当前涉外税收的两种片面认识以及目前涉外税收管理的突出问题,提出了"两法合并"后加强涉外税收征管的若干建议。     

Taxing Mobile Capital with Labor Market Imperfections

Taxing internationally mobile factors of production has been dismissed as an inefficient means of raising tax revenue. This paper addresses the question of whether it is efficient to tax capital at source when labor markets and the taxation of lumpsum income suffer from imperfections. Four reasons for taxing capital are identified: (i) institutional constraints rendering any taxation of profit income infeasible; (ii) market power in the demand for labor; (iii) market power in the supply of labor if it increases with the employment of capital; (iv) unemployment benefits that are not tied to net real wages. It is argued that the case for taxing capital is not particularly strong. By reinterpreting capital as energy the results are applicable to the discussion about ecological tax reforms.     

Tax treatment of dividends and capital gains and the dividend decision under dual income tax

The paper analyses efficiency aspects of a dual income tax system with a higher tax on capital gains than dividends. It argues that apart from the distortions to investments claimed in earlier literature, the system puts even more emphasis in creating incentives for entrepreneurs to participate in tax planning. The paper suggests that the owner of a closely held company can avoid all personal taxes on entrepreneurial income by two tax-planning strategies. The first is the avoidance of distributions, which would be taxed at the tax rate on labour income. These funds would instead be invested in the financial markets. The second strategy is a distribute and call-back policy, converting retained profits into new equity capital. Interestingly, the outcome is that investment in real capital is not distorted in the long-run equilibrium. Empirical evidence using microdata is also provided.      

世界性公司所得税改革趋势及对我国的启示

本文详细探讨了当前世界各国公司所得税改革的特点与趋势:各国一般公司所得税综合税率表现出了明显的下降趋势,这一下降趋势将会继续保持下去,下降的结果使得世界各国公司所得税税率在一个较低的水平上达到基本趋同;降低税率与拓宽税基往往是同步进行的,很多国家在拓宽税基的同时,又加强了对科技创新的税收优惠力度;为消除对股息的经济性双重征税,发达国家加快了公司所得税和个人所得税一体化的步伐。本文认为,世界性所得税改革的趋势是我国进行内外资企业所得税法合并改革必须参考的国际背景,在此背景下,综合考虑我国经济发展、财政能力和税收制度的现状,方能建立一个简单、公平和富有竞争力的企业所得税制。     

Changes to Income Trust Taxation in Canada: Investor Reaction and Dividend Clientele Theory

Abstract:  This paper explores the relationship between tax-induced dividend clientele theory and the recent changes to the taxation of income trusts in Canada. On October 31, 2006, the Canadian government announced the Tax Fairness Plan ( TFP ) calling for the elimination of the considerable tax advantage enjoyed by income trusts. Generally, distributions from income trusts are now taxed at rates comparable to those imposed on corporate dividends. We examine market reaction to the  TFP  to address three issues: first, whether the valuation effect of a dividend tax increase is consistent with the traditional or the new view of dividend taxation; secondly, whether the market reaction to tax increases has a differential impact on firm value that is related to the tax preferences of taxable, tax-exempt, and foreign investor tax clienteles; and thirdly, whether firms change their dividend policies in response to the preference of institutional investors (tax-based dividend policy effect) or whether institutional investors are sorting themselves across firms based on their dividend policies (investor sorting effect). Our results provide strong evidence as follows. First, the valuation effect in reaction to the  TFP  announcement is consistent with the traditional view of dividend taxation – i.e. that taxes on dividends reduce the net return to investors, increase the firm's cost of capital and lower the firm's ability to access capital markets, thereby discouraging investment and savings. Secondly, we saw that trusts with a larger percentage of their units held by tax-exempt, low-tax, and foreign investors had a higher decline in value when compared with trusts held mostly by ordinary taxable investors. These results support dividend tax clientele theory. Finally, we observed changes in institutional investor clienteles consistent with the investor sorting effect.