国内外物联网发展动态及亟待解决的关键问题

物联网是继计算机、互联网与移动通信网之后的又一次信息产业浪潮。物联网对促进互联网发展、带动人类的进步发挥着重要的作用,并将成为未来经济发展的新增点。目前,国外对物联网的研发、应用主要集中在美、欧、日、韩等少数国家和地区。在中国,物联网日益受到重视,物联网产业被正式列为国家重点发展的五大战略性新兴产业之一。未来,物联网亟待解决的关键问题主要有：国家完全问题、标准体系问题、信息安全问题以及商业模式完善问题等。     

Higher Education: Some Key Issues

In this introduction to the Policy Forum, some key issues in relation to proposed reform of the funding of higher education are outlined.     

Compatibility Standards And Industry Competition: Two Case Studies

Case histories of two data communication interfaces provide evidence of complex strategic behavior in the setting of voluntary compatibility standards. These cases show how subtle differences in the design of standards development organizations affect incentives to cooperate, giving rise to systematic venue preferences. Dominant firms prefer more bureaucratic procedures offering greater protection for the status quo. The two interfaces, FDDI (under development in X3) and DQDB (under development in the IEEE) shed light on competition between the computer and telecommunications industries and the evolution of our communications infrastructure. They demonstrate the importance of standards for intra- and inter-industry competition.     

竞争优势与核心竞争力

核心竞争力是在传统战略理论和竞争战略理论基础上企业战略理论的新发展。核心竞争力是一种持续竞争优势。培养核心竞争力是一个长期的国际化的过程，对于大多数企业来说要培养核心竞争力，首先需要提高比较竞争优势，在获得比较竞争优势的基础上进行扩展、深化，才能逐步培养起本企业的核心竞争力。     

垄断、竞争与管制、中国铁路改革

西方产烽组织理论中的SCP基本框架对中国铁路行业的市场结构，企业行为经济进行证分析有很有效。中国铁路行业相当高的行业集中度、规模经济性以及进入退出障碍表明中国铁路行业是一个高度垄断的产业；其政企合一、运输质量低下，运价不合理等为弊端亟待解决，从主要技术指标和经济效益指标来看，中国铁路改革空间很大，兼顾竞争与管制，从政企分离，非自然垄断与自垄断业务相分离的原则出发，网络分离是中国铁路运输管理体制改革的必然选择。     

Competition Policy: Some Neglected Issues in the Hilmer Report

The Hilmer Report focuses primarily on the very important issues of legislative and regulatory measures to directly reduce monopolistic structures and conduct. This article argues that competition policy also should embrace measures to reduce transaction costs. Lower transaction costs increase the substitutability of different options and help to extend the competitive market, and particularly to reduce entry barriers for new entrants and for innovations. Contrary to Hilmer, the article argues that economic theory, and particularly the marginal cost concept, can and should have a central role in the assessment of monopolistic behaviour and in the determination of access prices to ‘essential services’ provided by natural monopolies.     

政策论坛：澳大利亚食品杂货业中的竞争问题

在澳大利亚，行业中的竞争问题通常按照1974年颁布的《交易惯例条例（TPA）》来执行。为达此目的，TPA明文禁止：     

经验研究中的关键细节

本文主要采用作者从事乡村经济发展研究的经验教训 ,说明运用经验研究方法必须注意的问题。为此 ,从选择主题、搜寻文献、通过田野调查收集第一手资料、数据处理、统计分析和研究报告写作的角度 ,论述整个研究过程中一些关键环节的操作方法。     

Competition,Innovation And Increasing Returns ∗

When firms enjoy increasing returns in presence of a high rate of innovation, competition may obtain due to the continuous changes in demand and cost conditions even when there is no differentiation and the products of competing firms are essentially homogeneous. In this paper we intend to provide theoretical structure to this conjecture, and to confirm it by carrying out a simulation analysis in the case of two firms competing on the market.     

电力零售竞争中的普遍服务问题

20世纪80年代之前,世界上多数国家的电力事业由于自然垄断而被管制。在自然垄断的模式下,垂直一体化的电力企业承担普遍服务义务。随着放松管制政策的实行,竞争提高了电力行业的效率,促进了电价的降低。但与此同时管制者和经济学家也发现,竞争将对电力供应服务的数量和质量产生影响,并导致新进入企业的“撇油”(creamskim)行为,普遍服务义务在改革后无法实现。电力市场放松管制后,零售领域的竞争能否同普遍服务义务并存?电力零售竞争会对普遍服务产生什么样的影响?如何对待二者之间的潜在矛盾?这些问题对于设计合理的零售改革方案,保持改革前后的电力供应稳定是非常重要的。     

厂商竞争的政府规制

本文运用西方产业组织经济学的理论分析了我国产业界的竞争与垄断现象，提出应根据我国的具体国情，建立和完善政府的规制。     

Competition and Regulation in Franchise Bidding

In this work we show that the separation property identified in the franchise bidding literature depends strictly on the hypothesis of coincidence of the regulator's beliefs with those of the competing firms. Nevertheless, in many contexts it is more truthful to hypothesize that the regulator's information is vaguer than that of the producers, so we introduce the possibility that the regulator is dealing with a double informational asymmetry as compared to the firms. In this case, the separation property is no longer valid, and the optimal tariff becomes a decreasing function of the degree of competition exercised during the auction.