国外有关问题银行关闭政策法规比较及其对我国的启示

一旦因问题银行引发系统性的金融危机可能会给整个经济造成致命打击,因而如何准确判断问题银行并适时予以关闭成为各国银行监管当局的重要任务之一.国外有关问题银行关闭的政策法规,在具体描述上可以根据标准的清晰程度分为明确的法则决定（自动式的规范）和权衡决定（一般概括性原则）.本文在对此两种决定进行比较评述的基础上,结合东西方文化的差异及其对各国问题银行关闭政策法规的影响,提出建立完善我国问题银行关闭政策法规的相关建议.     

我国商业银行破产制度存在的问题及对策

世界各国十分重视对经营失败的商业银行的处置，多运用包括法律手段在内的各种手段加以解决。在我国，随着银行的市场化改革，金融业的竞争会更加激烈，银行等金融机构倒闭破产的个案会越来越多，急需法律明确金融监管部门在对破产银行施救、重组、关闭、清算当中的诸多法律问题。     

我国金融机构必须完善风险管理机制

金融业是高风险产业,金融业的核心能力是风险管理能力。最近30多年来,在世界各国的银行等金融机构危机中,所有倒闭、被政府接管的金融机构,无一例外地都是在风险管理方面出现了严重漏洞。我国自1995年以来,被关闭、接管、重组和破产的金融机构也有几十家之多,其中有各种信托投资公司、租赁公司、证券公司、银行、保险公司和城市信用社等。中共中央《关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》中,对深化金融企业改革明确了方向,指出：“商业银行和证券公司、保险公司、     

银行系统性风险转嫁行为对问题银行关闭策略的影响

问题银行关闭是指银行监管当局从稳定银行体系安全,提高银行系统整体效率出发,运用行政手段取消不可救助、股东无力注资及救助失败的问题银行继续经营金融业务资格,从而迫使其退出市场的行为.     

金融

银行明年停止发行磁条卡 5月14日,中国人民银行下发《关于逐步关闭金融IC卡降级交易有关事项的通知》,决定在全国范围内统一部署逐步关闭金融IC卡降级交易工作,以全面提升银行卡安全交易水平。避免由于金融IC卡降级交易可能产生的伪卡欺诈风险,为2015年我国银行停止发行磁条卡奠定基础。     

欧洲仅有两种选择

“4月是最残忍的一个月.”艾略特在其著名长诗《荒原》的开头如是写道.但我敢肯定,如果艾略特是职业投资家并且目睹了欧洲金融市场在过去几年里的发展,他会把4月改成8月.2007年8月,巴黎银行决定关闭旗下两只与次贷相关的对冲基金,此举演变成了一场流动性危机,在那个夏天席卷了所有欧洲银行.而今年被曝光的,则是巴黎银行的主要竞...     

瑞士各银行将关闭美国客户账户以躲避查税

由于当前美国国家税务局正逐渐加大对海外避税行为的追查力度，瑞士各大银行纷纷决定关闭其美国客户的账户。     

央行逐步关闭金融IC卡降级交易

2014年5月14日,人民银行印发《关于逐步关闭金融IC卡降级交易有关事项的通知》（以下简称《通知》）,决定在全国范围内统一部署逐步关闭金融IC卡降级交易工作,以全面提升银行卡安全交易水平。《通知》强调,各银行机构与中国银联要正确认识开展逐步关闭金融I卡降级交易工作的现实意义。     

现行外汇管理政策缺失探讨

作者对广西北海市在开展对银行收汇、结汇业务专项检查中因外汇管理政策法规缺失导致监管出现真空的现象进行初步探讨,并对完善现行外汇管理政策法规提出相关建议.     

我国银行业的合规管理

世界各国的企业组织面临的合规风险是实实在在的，也是成本高昂的。对于金融机构，因不符合外部法律法规导致巨额罚款以至于关闭解散的违规事件也层出不穷、屡见不鲜。这不仅对个别组织或某些人是一场梦魇，而且也是公共经济秩序的噩梦。因此，世界各国的银行监管机构和银行高层都高度重视银行业的合规管     

试论建立和完善财政国库管理体制

本按照党的“十六大”深化金融改革的精神，科学地分析了在社会主义市场经济中国家金库管理体制面临的新情况及新问题；探索了在深化金融改革中，如何建立和完善国家金库管理体制。对于进一步促进金融体制和财税体制改革，实施我国货币政策和财政政策，发挥国库作用，有着重要的现实意义。     

The Effects of the Sharing Economy: How Does Internet Finance Influence Commercial Bank Risk Preferences?

In this article, we provide an evidence on the effects of the sharing economy by studying internet finance. It aims to explore how internet finance affects the relationship between commercial bank risk preferences and monetary policy, and discusses whether this impact varies across heterogeneous banks. The results suggest that having a loose monetary policy encourages a preference for risk. In addition, internet finance alters the sensitivity of bank risk behavior to monetary policy. Internet finance has a heterogeneous influence, depending on a bank’s ownership (i.e., state or private) and size. At privately owned banks, internet finance has only a moderate impact on the bank risk-taking transmission channel of monetary policy, unlike the subsample of large banks.     

The Effects of Variations in Laxity (or Strictness) of Closure Rules on the Valuation of Deposit Insurance

The passage of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (FDICIA), which removed some of the freedom or latitude the FDIC had in resolving and closing insolvent institutions, makes it clear that regulatory closure rules are not invariant with regard to time and events. Therefore, this paper analyzes the effects of variations in the laxity or strictness of bank closure rules on the valuation of deposit insurance. Hardly predictable state variables, such as political, economic and bureaucratic constraints, represent potential sources of uncertainty that drive changes in the stringency of closure policy. A variation of Ronn and Verma's [14] model is extended to consider situations where the insurance agency's closure rule is uncertain.     

A quantitative exploration of the opportunistic approach to disinflation

Under a conventional policy rule, a central bank adjusts its policy rate linearly according to the gap between inflation and its target, and the gap between output and its potential. Under “the opportunistic approach to disinflation” a central bank controls inflation aggressively when inflation is far from its target, but concentrates more on output stabilization when inflation is close to its target, allowing supply shocks and unforeseen fluctuations in aggregate demand to move inflation within a certain band. We use stochastic simulations of a small-scale rational expectations model to contrast the behavior of output and inflation under opportunistic and linear rules.     

Bank Contingent Capital: Valuation and the Role of Market Discipline

This paper develops a structural model to evaluate contingent capital notes (CCN) of Basel III under alternative regulatory closure rules. Our dynamic model has a fixed default barrier and at specific discrete time points an additional higher default barrier depending on the closure threshold. The closed-form expressions of CCN and subordinated debts (SD) in the simple Merton model are presented to understand the convex relationship between the price and capital ratio trigger of CCN and to examine the effects of closure rules on CCN and SD through their derivatives’ properties. Our numerical results in the more general model show that a lax closure rule increases the price of SD and distorts the risk information of issuing banks, but not so for CCN. The policy implications are that CCN are more effective than SD in terms of enhancing market discipline because the price/yield information of CCN is more sensitive to the issuing bank’s risk than SD and will not be distorted by regulatory closure rules.     

Optimized Taylor rules for disinflation when agents are learning

When private agents learn a new policy rule, an optimal simple Taylor rule for disinflation differs substantially from that under full information. The central bank can reduce target inflation without much difficulty, but adjusting reaction coefficients on lagged inflation and output is more costly. Temporarily explosive dynamics emerge when there is substantial disagreement between perceived and actual feedback parameters, making the transition highly volatile. The bank copes by choosing reaction coefficients close to the private sector׳s prior mode, thereby sacrificing long-term performance in exchange for achieving lower transitional volatility.     

货币政策传导过程中的金融体系研究

金融体系在货币政策传导过程中起“中介”作用,货币渠道过程是通过金融市场从货币政策冲击到市场零售利率的价格传导过程,信贷渠道是通过商业银行从中央银行到商业银行的数量传导过程。完善我国金融体系有利于提高货币政策传导效果,同时也是市场经济体制改革的要求,我国中央银行实施货币政策时应该考虑区域金融差异的客观事实。     

Does competition influence the bank lending channel in the euro area?

This paper examines how competition influences the bank lending channel in the euro area countries. Using a large panel of banks from 12 euro area countries for the period 2002–2010 we analyze the reaction of loan supply to monetary policy actions depending on the degree of bank competition. We find that the effect of monetary policy on bank lending is dependent on bank competition: the transmission of monetary policy via the bank lending channel is less pronounced for banks with extensive market power. Further investigation shows that banks with less market power were more sensitive to monetary policy only before the financial crisis. These results suggest that bank market power has a significant impact on the effectiveness of monetary policy. Therefore, wide variations in the level of bank market power may lead to asymmetric effects of the single monetary policy.     

试论我国货币政策工具选用问题

政策工具是货币政策体系的重要因素之一。西方发达国家的货币政策工具选用体现出显著的特点。研究这些特点对于解决当前我国货币政策工具选用问题是极其必要的 ,货币政策工具的选用不但受到经济体制、经济金融发展状况等因素的影响 ,而且与一国的经济传统是分不开的。当前经济金融运行的特点决定了我国货币政策工具选用的特殊性。     

货币政策能够兼顾稳增长与防风险吗？——基于动态随机一般均衡模型的分析

为构建金融有效支持实体经济的体制机制,需平衡好稳增长、调结构和防风险三者间的关系。在此背景下,本文在两部门新凯恩斯主义动态随机一般均衡模型中引入异质性抵押约束,探讨货币政策如何兼顾稳增长和防风险,进而促进金融更好地服务实体经济。本文模拟结果显示:(1)降低利率和强化国企抵押约束可促进稳增长与稳杠杆。推动国企贷款利率趋于市场水平并降低非国企贷款成本,积极发挥结构性货币政策工具的作用,将增进其政策效果;(2)2008-2016年宏观杠杆率上升主要与国企抵押约束过松有关,2017年后利率对宏观杠杆率的调控增强;(3)宏观审慎政策框架下,货币政策盯住宏观杠杆率,并根据政策目标和经济背景适时调整利率与杠杆率的内生关系,能够优化货币政策效果。对于降低利率和强化国企抵押约束的政策组合,根据宏观杠杆率的变化同向调整利率水平有利于经济稳步增长和宏观杠杆率趋稳。