基于全球价值链视角的欠发达地区产业升级研究——以韶关汽车零部件产业为例

全球价值链网络是经济全球化的重要组织方式。嵌入全球价值链是欠发达地区产业升级的必要条件而非充分条件。在分析韶关汽车零部件产业链特征和嵌入全球价值链地位的基础上,认为韶关汽车零部件产业可借助政府、品牌整车及其骨干零部件企业、科研院所和中介组织四种力量,构建零部件产业集群和区域创新体系,快速嵌入珠三角价值链,并推进价值链的国际化延伸,以全球价值链嵌入跟随式和自主创新式并举的模式实现产业升级。     

全球价值链治理下地方产业集群升级研究

嵌入全球价值链是地方产业集群升级的有效路径。价值链治理的本质是追求最大化价值链剩余,由此决定价值链治理的模式、地方产业集群升级的一般路径及可能存在的障碍。得出结论:地方产业集群应从积极融入GVC治理机制,主动承接价值链主导者的技术转移;努力创造有利条件,主动实现攀升;优化公共政策环境,助力集群升级等方面,力促地方产业集群的升级。     

区域贸易协定深化与全球价值链嵌入：区分一般贸易与加工贸易的经验研究

20世纪90年代以来,国际生产分工深化促使传统国际贸易格局向全球价值链贸易转变。区域经济一体化进程加快,区域贸易协定（RTA）逐步成为国际经贸合作与各国融入全球价值链的重要途径。本文从“覆盖度”和“执行度”两个层面构建RTA深度指数,并区分一般贸易和加工贸易模式,探讨中国已签署RTA的深度如何影响其在全球价值链中的前后向嵌入。研究发现,RTA深化显著提升了中国在一般贸易模式下的前向价值链嵌入,以及两种贸易模式下的后向嵌入。不同类型条款的深度、价值链嵌入方式、缔约伙伴发展水平及具体行业都会对RTA深度的价值链嵌入效应产生异质性影响。机制分析指出,RTA深化促进了成员国之间的贸易自由化、贸易便利化发展,降低了贸易政策不确定性,塑造了开放、高效、稳定的国际贸易与投资环境,进而推动了中国在全球价值链中的嵌入度提升。本文结论对中国推进高质量自贸区建设与实现价值链深度参与和地位攀升具有重要的政策启示。     

产业集群嵌入全球价值链的若干问题研究——以湖州典型地方产业集群为例

产业集群是区域经济发展的重要载体和推动力量。文章以湖州典型地方产业集群为例,首先概述了新的理论分析工具——全球价值链理论,然后以此为分析工具,考察了湖州地方产业集群嵌入全球价值链的基本状况,最后探讨了湖州地方产业集群嵌入全球价值链实现升级的模式选择和总体思路。     

全球价值链对发展中国家贸易条件的传导机制研究——基于数理模型的讨论

文章构建一个垂直型生产模式的产业组织基础模型,通过进出口渠道推导嵌入全球价值链对贸易条件的影响。同时,加入上游垄断下游寡头的博弈模型用于分析发展中国家在价值链下游分工中遭受的价格歧视。研究发现：嵌入全球价值链过程中,影响下游企业贸易条件的因素主要包括中间品与最终品的供需关系以及上下游企业之间的渗透与博弈;当发达国家的上游企业掌握垄断势力,而发展中国家的下游企业嵌入低端环节造成市场竞争时,随着全球价值链嵌入程度的加深,下游企业为生产最终品所需要的进口中间品比例增加,通过进口中间品价格的提升,恶化了发展中国家的贸易条件;在全球价值链的稳定结构中,上游垄断企业实行价格歧视总是有利可图。     

全球化进程中的收益分配不均与中国产业升级

在经济全球化过程中,价值链环节的进入壁垒差异以及全球价值链治理中的权利不对称决定了全球价值分配。发达国家企业在产品分工中占据了高进入壁垒环节,在价值链治理中处于主导地位。发展中国家企业处于竞争激烈的低进入壁垒环节,由此导致了全球价值链的收益分配不均,而iPod价值链的收益分解支持了这一结果。中国企业只有在嵌入全球商品价值链过程中实现产业升级,才能够在经济全球化过程中获得合意的收益分配。     

关于全球价值链理论的研究综述

本文综述了全球价值链概念的形成过程,全球价值链的二元驱动机制,全球价值链中经济租的产生和分配,全球价值链的治理模式以及全球价值链下的产业升级。     

地方产业集群“一体两翼”升级模式探索——以河北省钢铁产业集群为例

中国地方产业集群大多面临着区位低端锁定的风险,因而结合地方特色探索产业集群优化升级模式意义深远。以河北省钢铁产业集群为研究对象,针对其发展中的问题提出：充分利用河北省区位优势、资源优势和产业优势,通过构建以内部价值链治理为主体、积极嵌入全球价值链＋政府支持为助力的＂一体两翼＂模式,不断提升地方产业集群创新能力,实现价值链层级从低端向高端飞跃。     

中国制造业嵌入国家价值链和全球价值链的产业-区域特征

从区域经济前向关联视角,构建了国家价值链(NVC)与全球价值链(GVC)相统一的、产业-区域双视角的增加值完全分解模型,考察了中国低技术制造业、中技术制造业和高技术制造业嵌入国家价值链和全球价值链的特征。研究发现:2002—2012年期间,中国高技术制造业嵌入全球价值链的程度较高,中技术制造业嵌入国家价值链的程度较高,而低技术制造业的区域"内向性"特征较明显;分区域考察,中国东部地区嵌入全球价值链的程度较高,而中部、西部和东北地区嵌入国家价值链的程度较高,具有显著的区域异质性特征。     

创新网络治理、动态嵌入与GVC升级——以先进制造业为例

自从美国于20世f690年代首先提出先进制造业发展的战略规划以后,德国、日本等发达国家也先后提出了自己先进技术发展计划和先进制造发展战略。当前,提升产业自主创新能力,用先进技术改造和提升传统制造业,加快发展先进制造业,将是实现我国产业结构升级的必要条件。先进制造业不仅要具备先进的制造技术、先进的管理技术和先进的制造模式,还要有完善的创新网络和极强的创新能力。在全球FDI快速流动和制造业价值链不断跨越国境的条件下,创新网络的形成和创新能力的提升需要创新网络在GVC中的有效嵌入。这种嵌入又取决于创新网络治理模式和GVC治理模式的相互作用,以及治理模式所决定的知识转移方式。治理模式与知识转移模式之间的协同促进了价值链从模块间无序耦联、有序化程度提高到模块间整合的动态演进,从而实现了作为动态嵌入式系统的GVC升级。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.