中国城镇居民的职业流动性研究—来自微观数据的经验分析

采用了微观的城镇居民调查数据,对我国当前职业流动的特征进行了考查,研究了性别、年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况及收入水平等劳动者的个体特征与职业流动性之间的关系。不同性别之间的职业流动并无显著差异,教育程度越高的流动性越强,未婚者的流动性低于已婚者,劳动者的流动性与收入水平成反比,而职业流动性随着年龄的增大而减小。     

代际间的职业流动与收入流动——来自中国城乡家庭的经验研究

本文通过对中国城乡家庭代际间的职业流动与收入流动进行实证研究,得出以下结论:(1)城镇家庭子女的职业随其职业生涯的发展有向父辈职业"回归"的趋势,而农村家庭中父代从事非农职业有助于子女实现职业的向上流动。(2)子女受教育程度的提高有利于代际间职业的向上流动,但其父辈的社会经济特征也对代际间的职业传承和流动有显著的影响。(3)代际之间职业的传承在一定程度上阻碍了代际间的收入流动,代际职业传承对高收入家庭的代际收入弹性影响更强。     

跨省流动就业人口主观幸福感影响因素实证研究——以重庆户籍人口为例

采用重庆市人口计生委于2012年进行的流动人口动态监测调查获得的大样本微观数据,运用排序模型研究了重庆户籍跨省流动就业人口主观幸福感的影响因素。实证研究表明,他们的主观幸福感大部分为"一般"和"幸福";性别、年龄、婚姻状况、收入、房租、子女是否在身边、流入地(是东部、中部还是西部)、对流入城市的偏好、他们认为流入地城市居民对外来人口的态度、在流入城市工作年限以及是否计划长期在流入城市工作均对其主观幸福感具有显著影响;但受教育程度、户口类型以及他们是否能够享受城镇居民医疗保险的影响却并不明显。     

教育对农村居民收入流动性的影响

本文基于CHNS数据建立一个多项Logit模型，分析教育等因素对农村居民收入流动性的影响。总体上，教育对于农村居民的收入流动性具有重要的影响，教育程度越高，收入向上流动的可能性越大；不过在更具体的层面上，虽然较高的教育程度可以有效阻止农村居民收入的下滑，但高中及以上教育程度对收入向上流动的影响却没有对向下流动的影响显著。     

教育对中国居民收入的影响分析——基于分位数回归和收入分布的考察

教育作为人力资本形成的最主要因素,影响着收入分配,但教育对不同收入水平人群的效应并不相同。本文采用分位数回归方法估计教育回报率,以分析教育对收入水平的影响,并通过考察教育扩张引起的收入分布位置和形态的变化来分析教育对收入不平等的影响。研究结果表明,性别、城乡、单位所有制类型以及职业类型对各分位点上的教育回报率影响显著;受教育程度提高使收入分布位置右移、离散程度增加,教育扩张加剧收入不平等;而右偏程度减小又减弱收入不平等程度;总体上说教育对收入不平等的影响作用被削弱了。     

新农村建设与城镇化背景下农村流动人口的就业--基于流动人口数据库的实证研究

文章基于新型城镇化与新农村建设的背景,选择农村流动人口作为研究对象,通过中国收入分配研究院所提供的中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)数据库,将城镇化水平指标和个体劳动者的户籍类型纳入分析框架,构造个体就业的计量模型,针对安徽、广东、河南等9个省份的调查数据,详细考察了农村流动人口个体层面的特征变量（主要包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、工作经验、子女数量等）以及劳动力市场条件（如城市经济发展水平、城镇化水平、市场分割率、生活成本等）对农村流动劳动力的就业影响,报告了伴随着大规模的人口迁移与流动,流动人口就业对社会保障、公共服务方面形成的压力与挑战,特别是农村流动就业人口的“非正规化”矛盾愈加突出,文章对改善农村流动人口就业环境也提出了一些对策建议,希望对我国今后新农村建设和城镇化建设工作不断完善能产生积极影响。     

我国中老年人健康需求实证研究——基于性别和城乡的分析

对健康需求的研究,国际通行的方法是基于人力资本理论的Grossman健康需求模型.本文采用中国健康与养老追踪调查( CHARLS 2008)的数据,运用Probit排序选择模型对影响我国中老年人健康需求的因素进行了实证分析.研究发现,整体上看,收入和年龄对健康水平的影响符合Grossman模型的预测,且影响显著,相比之下,教育的影响不明确而且不显著,稳定的婚姻状况和青少年时期健康的体魄对中老年的健康有显著的正向作用.在性别差异方面,教育对女性健康的影响更大,而年龄和收入对男性健康的影响更大.在城乡差异方面,年龄对城镇居民的健康影响更显著,收入对农村居民的健康影响更大.这些经验发现可以作为配置医疗卫生资源的依据.     

人工智能技术会促进代际收入流动吗?——基于CFPS数据库的经验证据

前沿文献关注技术进步对劳动收入分配的影响,却普遍忽视人工智能技术对代际层面收入不平等的影响。基于此,利用2010—2016年间中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,构建父辈和子代收入百分位阶层测度代际收入流动性及流动方向,考察人工智能技术对代际收入不平等问题的作用。结果显示：人工智能技术促进代际收入流动性增强,并进一步促进代际收入向上流动,且对家庭教育程度中等、男性和非农户个体,以及市场化水平较高、知识产权保护程度中高、财政教育支出水平中高地区个体的代际收入向上流动具有更显著促进作用。此外,人工智能技术通过促进代际职业向上流动和劳动力迁移的途径作用于代际收入向上流动。因此,应加大对人工智能技术及相关产业发展的支持力度,通过推进市场化改革和教育公平、完善知识产权保护体系、加大财政教育支出水平等,充分释放人工智能技术促进代际收入向上流动的红利。     

职业流动与行业收入决定分析

本文从行业不同类型的职业流动①出发,考虑行业垄断和所有制因素,分析了垄断行业和竞争行业的收入决定差异问题。研究发现在工资方程中加入不区分流动类型的单纯职业流动变量无法甄别其对两个行业不同的收入影响效应。当区分同行业和跨行业职业流动类型后发现职业流动表现出行业分割和所有制分割的特征,且在国有垄断行业最为显著;区分自愿流动和被动流动的实证分析进一步验证了这一结论:一直留在国有垄断行业的劳动者获得了较高的收入溢价,但行业属性对非国有垄断行业影响有限;竞争行业中则只有被动流动的劳动者受到了显著的收入损失。结果表明,垄断因素本身对行业收入决定的关键性作用需要借助所有制因素及其与经济政策相互渗透而产生的体制性流动障碍才得以发挥,经济体制改革没有使国有垄断行业走向市场化,而其他行业则趋向市场竞争性。     

新生代农民工的教育培训、就业收入相关性分析——基于西北地区新生代农民工市民化问卷调查

文章通过对西北地区新生代农民工的教育培训及就业收入情况进行统计分析,说明教育培训与就业收入之间存在较强的相关性。分析结果证实,教育培训总体上对新生代农民工的稳定就业、收入提升及向上职业流动有正面影响;但是高中文化程度的农民工在获取收入方面,与初中文化程度的农民工相比并不具有显著优势。因此,政府在制定相关人力政策时,应考虑到这一实际情况。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...