农村社会养老保险替代率的初步探讨

本文在养老投资模型的基础上,探讨我国现存的基本养老金替代率水平,其中农村社会养老保险替代率的统计数据来自江苏省阜宁县沟墩镇农保所,然后进一步揭示出农村社会养老保险的养老金替代率极其低的问题,由此提出解决方案和相应的政策建议.     

中国企业职工养老保险替代率的实证研究——基于缴费确定型企业年金与基本养老金的对比分析

替代率是企业养老保险方案设计的关键参数,也是政府制定社会养老决策的关键因素之一.企业年金是多支柱养老保险体系的重要组成部分,关系到中国未来养老体系的健康发展.对养老保险替代率的研究发现,基本养老镏金与企业年金对参与人的经济影响并不确定,因此,制定养老金政策须考虑相关的限制条件,政策倾向应有所差异和侧重,以保证政策目标的实现.     

基本养老保险替代率指数化调整机制研究

退休职工的基本养老保险替代率随退休时间的延长而递减,降低了老年人的退休生活水平,为保证老年人得到相对公平和稳定的养老保障,养老金替代率必须进行适时调整。该文研究表明:养老金替代率的指数化调整是一种较好的适时调整手段,而且按物价指数调整替代率有利于保持养老保险基金的长期收支平衡;指数化调整所需要的成本,主要由社会统筹账户承担;为实现社会公平,可以针对不同的收入阶层实行歧视性的调整政策。     

农民对农村社会养老保险的心理预期及其影响因素——对武汉市J区农民的调查分析

以问卷调查所得的462份调查资料为基础,对农民社会养老保险的心理预期及其影响因素进行了实证分析。农民对农村社会养老保险的心理预期相对比较低,年龄等个人特征和家庭子女数、家庭年净收入等家庭特征对农民社会养老保险的心理预期影响显著。提出了增加政府对农村社会养老保险的投入、在完善农村社会养老保险制度的同时有步骤地构建多支柱的农村养老体系、将当前正在实施的"农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助养老制度"逐步过渡到"普惠型"的农村养老保障制度等对策。     

商业保险与社会保险协同发展探讨——基于养老保险制度可持续发展视角

随着老龄化进程的加快,未富先老、持续时间长的老龄化高峰是我们必将面对的困局.现有的"三支柱"养老保险体系,存在着基本养老保险"一支独大",补充养老保险与个人养老金制度发展滞后,商业保险的功能定位不明晰、机制运用不充分,多层次的养老体系不健全等问题,难以应对老龄化风险.养老保险制度的结构失衡、养老金替代率的下降、老年抚养...     

基于帕累托优化的基本养老金替代率测算

基本养老金合意替代率是指能使养老保险制度优化发展的养老金替代率,是从需求方面来衡量基本养老金替代率的数量指标。基本养老金潜在替代率是指在其它条件不变的情况下,基本养老保险体系所能提供的最大限度的养老金替代率,是从供给方面来衡量基本养老金替代率的数量指标。基本养老金实际替代率是在养老保险实际发展过程中形成的替代率。基本养老金替代率优化模型是三种养老金替代率对接。根据优化模型对三种养老金替代率做了测算,提出了基本养老金替代率优化发展的政策选择。     

“十一五”社会保障事业发展规划总体思路

1·建立适应城镇各类就业人员的基础养老金制度,完善社会养老保险体系。按照中共中央十六届三中全会《决定》要求,将基础养老金部分从城镇基本养老保险制度中分离出来,确立为基础养老金制度。基础养老金变费为税,实行全国统筹,其目标替代率调整为社会平均工资的30%左右,加快完善个人账户养老金制度和职业年金制度。稳步推进农村社会养老保险制度建设,促进老年社会福利事业的发展。2·加快推进基本医疗保险制度、医疗卫生服务体制和药品生产流通体制改革。继续完善基本医疗保险制度,拓宽覆盖人群范围,适当增加参保人员选择医疗服务和采用替代…     

以需求为导向的新型农村养老保险参保意愿与模式选择研究

选取陕西省西安市七个非城区县农民为典型调查对象,采用分层整群随机抽样方式,对农村居民养老保险实际需求、参保意愿、模式选择意向作了实态调查。西安市农村家庭收入较低,养老需求日益增长,农村居民开始认同并愿意参加新型农村养老保险,"新农保"制度能够发挥不可替代的养老保障作用。"新农保"模式的选择,在经济条件约束之下,表现为低水平的期望缴费标准和高水平的期望养老金发放水平。提出具有针对性的对策建议,以进一步修正、完善新型农村社会养老保险政策体系。     

借鉴国外经验完善新型农村社会养老保险体系

随着我国进入老龄社会及经济体制改革的进一步深化,解决农村养老问题迫在眉睫。近期,国家研究部署开展新型农村社会养老保险试点工作,提出2009年农村养老保险覆盖面力争达到10%的目标。该文从经济学、法学、历史学、社会学的角度剖析了完善我国农村社会养老保险体系的必要性与迫切性,并在借鉴国外经验的基础上,提出了完善我国农村社会养老保险体系的构想。     

基于经济视角的新型农村社会养老保险解析

我国新型农村社会养老保险试点工作己于2009年10月1日前启动,农村社会养老保险制度建设进入了崭新的阶段.本文从经济的角度对新型农村社会养老保险制下的普惠制养老、账户设置、养老金构成、财政补贴、参保回报及由此带来的农村养老观念的改变方面进行解读.以期引起地方政府对新型农村社会养老保险所需资金的重视,合理安排财政支出,同时引导处于劳动年龄的农民树立新的养老观念,积极参加新型农村社会养老保险,以获得普惠制的养老待遇.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.