城市两性初婚年龄模式分析——基于中国综合社会调查2005年度数据

国人婚配年龄的变迁,一直缺乏长期性数据;婚配市场的实际情况,也缺乏实证性的长期数据。利用CGSS2005数据,对五代人(20世纪20年代—20世纪70年代)的平均初婚年龄的变化、趋势加以研究,对男性和女性初婚年龄、早婚、不婚、晚婚、集中成婚等进行了横向和纵向的比较,揭示了各自独立和彼此承接的关系和特点。     

新生代流动人口初婚年龄及其影响因素分析—基于全国流动人口动态监测调查数据

通过2013年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,运用统计分析和多元回归模型考察了新生代流动人口初婚年龄及其影响因素。近年来新生代流动人口初婚年龄不断增加,人口流动之后推迟了初婚年龄。实证结果显示,新生代流动人口初婚年龄特征表现为男高女低、农业户口低于非农业户口、少数民族高于汉族的特点,且随着自身和配偶教育程度提高而推迟;新生代流动人口跨省通婚的,其初婚年龄高于省内通婚的。在就业特征方面表现为经济能力较强者可能会比经济能力差者初婚年龄来得低。此外,乡城流动的新生代流动人口初婚年龄更多受通婚圈、配偶教育等社会融合因素的影响,而城城流动的新生代流动人口更多受自身教育水平、经济条件等因素的影响。     

浅析174例甲状腺功能减退症发病情况

目的分析研究甲状腺功能减退症的临床发病特点，探讨其发病与患者年龄、性别及人群的关系。方法在2010年1月～2011年1月来我院诊治甲状腺功能减退症的患者中，运用化学发光法测定血清的患者共174例，对其临床治疗资料进行回顾性分析。结果女性患者明显多余男性患者（P＞0.05），并且在各个年龄段中女性发病者均高于男性，发病最多的年龄段在20岁以上，本组资料中占94.8%。结论在临床诊断中，20岁以上的女性应重视其自身甲状腺功能的检查。     

中国未来婚姻挤压研究

中国的男孩偏好和对女孩的歧视导致了男性婚姻挤压。在潜在初婚比模型的基础上,使用标准化初婚频率和去进度效应方法设计了两种新的模型,并与现有模型结合,研究中国婚姻挤压状况。在潜在初婚比基础上开发的模型所得到的结论基本相同。2016年到2046年的30年时间里,婚姻市场上男性和女性的潜在初婚比都在1.15以上;2060年之后保持在1.05-1.08水平。从2000年开始,中国会面临严重的男性婚姻挤压,2016年至2046年平均每年过剩男性在120-150万之间,2060年之后每年在50万之下。如果出生性别比得不到有效控制,则未来男性婚姻挤压情况将严重得多。     

内生家庭谈判力与婚姻匹配

本文从内生家庭谈判力模型分析了中国当前婚姻匹配中梯度匹配与结构性失衡并存现象。本文认为,由于在养育孩子投入中自然的性别差异,择偶倾向上出现性别差异,女性存在向上匹配倾向,而男性则存在向下匹配倾向。当受教育程度性别差距缩小,尤其是高学历人群中男女性别比降低时,出现梯度匹配与高学历女性的匹配困难并存的现象。     

婚姻对男性死亡风险的影响——立足于对清代辽东旗人社会的考察

利用中国多世代人口数据库——辽宁部分(CMGPD-LN),运用离散时间事件史分析技术和logit模型,研究了1749-1909年清代辽东旗人社会中男性的婚姻与死亡水平、死亡风险的关系。婚姻对于男性具有保护作用,在婚男性的死亡风险要低于不在婚男性;logit模型结果表明,未婚和丧偶男性的死亡风险要显著高于初婚男性,中青年未婚男性的死亡风险高于初婚男性,而老年未婚男性的死亡风险比初婚男性低。     

为爱需要走多远?——依据北京近年数据对通婚距离变动情况的估算和分析

基于北京2004-2012年的婚姻登记数据并参照最新的铁路里程信息,对近年初婚夫妇的通婚距离(以两地之间的最短铁路里程计)及其变动情况进行测算和分析。2004年以来在北京登记的跨地域通婚夫妇的比重大致在50%上下波动,但平均通婚距离,不论是京外人口(包括迁移人口和流动人口)的个体迁移里程,还是跨地域通婚夫妇的原籍之间的距离,以及京外且原籍不同夫妇的三地间的"探亲"距离,都在时序上表现出了逐渐缩短的趋势,2010和2011年左右的变化尤为显著。     

城市剩女形势令人担忧

一、剩男剩女情况概述近年来,身边大龄未婚男女越来越多,剩男剩女成为热议话题,人们把这些已经过了结婚年龄却仍然没有结婚、或者是难以找到适合结婚对象的男女,形象地称之为是"剩男剩女".《2010中国人婚恋状况调查报告》显示,"超九成的男性认为女性应该在27岁之前结婚","超过五成的女性认为男性最佳的结婚年龄是28-30岁".本文根据调查选项划分,采用男性30岁(含30岁)、女性27岁(含27岁)作为剩男剩女的年龄界限进行分析.     

企业家创新精神:来自企业家年龄效应的解释——基于2015年中国企业—员工匹配调查(CEES)的实证分析

本文利用2015年中国企业—员工匹配调查的数据,从企业家年龄的角度研究了企业家创新精神的变动,并分别采用OLS和3SLS回归,对企业家年龄与其创新精神之间的因果关系进行了稳健性检验。结果表明,企业家年龄和企业家创新精神之间存在显著的U型关系。通过进一步测算U型拐点发现,对于50.8~52.7岁的企业家群体而言,其创新精神显著低于其他年龄分组,存在"中年创新瓶颈"的问题。因此,应推动"制度企业家"向"创新企业家"的转型,增强企业家群体的换血功能,以助力中年企业家尽快冲破"中年创新瓶颈"。     

上幼儿园为啥这么难?

正2010、2011两年,金猪宝宝、奥运宝宝相继入园,幼儿园入园难的话题一度引爆舆论。为缓解"入园难",北京开展了一系列幼儿园扩招、扩建行动。尽管如此,北京市公立幼儿园"一位难求"仍然不是稀罕事。进公立幼儿园是痴人说梦家住北京市朝阳区双井的陈盼与杨小伟夫妇在孩子小宝上幼儿园的问题上一直争执不下,眼看还有4个月小宝就满3岁了,陈盼终于妥协——"豪掷千金",送孩子去小区附近月收费4000多元的私立园。     

Female first marriage in East and Southeast Asia: a Kiefer-Neumann model

Many studies have shown that schooling levels of husband and wife are important determinants of household behavior in developing countries. This article asks how the schooling levels of husband and wife come to be associated with each other through the marriage market. The Kiefer-Neumann model of labor market search is adapted to marital search, the aim being to explain both the positive sorting on educational levels for spouses, and the positive relationship between female schooling and age at 1st marriage. World Fertility Survey data for Indonesia, Korea, and Malaysia are employed in the analyses.     

Love,money, and parental goods: Does parental matchmaking matter?

While parental matchmaking has been widespread throughout history and across countries, we know little about the relationship between parental matchmaking and marriage outcomes. Does parental involvement in matchmaking help ensure their needs are better taken care of by married children? This paper finds supportive evidence using a survey of Chinese couples. In particular, parental involvement in matchmaking is associated with having a more submissive wife, a greater number of children, a higher likelihood of having any male children, and a stronger belief of the husband in providing old age support to his parents. These benefits, however, are achieved at the cost of less marital harmony within the couple and lower market income of the wife. The results render support to and extend the findings of (Becker et al., 2015) where parents meddle with children’s preferences to ensure their commitment to providing parental goods such as old age support.     

The value of youth: equalizing age differentials in marriages

"The objective of this paper is to present a model of constrained utility-maximizing behaviour which is able to explain several features of marriage. The model predicts that individuals meet in the marriage market and trade characteristics, in which they are relatively well endowed, to obtain characteristics in which they are less well endowed. The model implies a positive age differential in favour of the husband due to biological differences. This differential is shown to be attentuated by differences in earnings capacity and human capital investments. The model also has implications for dynamic aspects of marriage and provides an explanation for the secular increase in females' age of first marriage and difficulty experienced by females in the post thirty-year age group in finding suitable partners. An examination of unit record data on residents of metropolitan California from the 1980 United States Census reveals systematic patterns in the data are consistent with the theory."     

Endogenous gender power,household labor supply and the demographic transition

We present a microeconomic model of the household in which there exists no difference in spousal preferences but childrearing is more time costly for women. Bargaining between the wife and the husband forms the basis of household decisions. Marital bargaining power is determined according to the incomes of the spouses, which in turn help to determine their reservation utility levels outside the marriage. The endogeneity of bargaining power introduces a non-cooperative element to the couples' decision-making problem because both the husbands and the wives take into account how their pre-marital education decisions affect their marital power and the share they extract from household resources in the future. The model predicts that wives invest more than is Pareto efficient in their education in order to increase their bargaining power in marriage. As a consequence, couples have fewer children and consume more when exogenous structural changes lead women to invest more in education. A corollary of the model is that empowering women directly through social reforms such as a lower gender wage gap leads to lower fertility and higher spousal consumption and leisure.     

北京城市女性独生子女生育意愿和生育行为研究

利用北京市人口研究所两次独生子女问卷调查所获第一手资料,对北京城市女性独生子女婚育群体进行考察。在生育意愿方面,女性调查对象的意愿生育水平呈现偏低发展走向,但二孩生育意愿出现明显上升,不过对于生育"政策二孩"的选择呈现明显的矛盾心理和不确定性;在实际婚育状况方面,初婚初育时间在后移,婚后离开父母单独居住开始增多,孩子以双方父母照料为主。政府应积极鼓励双独夫妻生育两个孩子,发挥"政策二孩"生育对于缓解人口结构快速老化的功能。     

对我国现时夫妻财产制度的探讨

夫妻财产制度，是有关夫妻财产的使用、归属、管理、收益，以及夫妻债务的清偿，夫妻家庭生活等费用的负担，婚姻终止时夫妻财产的清算和分割等的法律制度。夫妻财产制度是夫妻婚姻家庭生活得以正常运转的物质保证，因而它的完善关系到夫妻财产关系平等与否，关系到与夫妻发生交易的第三人的利益安全问题，关系到社会经济的发展问题。     

The effect of a wife’s retirement on her husband’s mental health

This article examines the effect of wives’ retirement on their husband’s mental health in Australia. By exploiting the exogenous variations in women’s retirement induced by the age pension qualifying ages, we find that spousal retirement status has a positive impact on the mental health of older men. This beneficial impact is found to strengthen with wives’ time spent in retirement. We show that wife’s retirement affects the constituents of her husband’s mental well-being in different ways. We also have identified four channels for the positive linkage between older women’s retirement and the mental health of their spouse.     

An Investigation into the Positive Effect of an Educated Wife on Her Husband’s Earnings: The Case of Japan in the Period between 2000 and 2003

We analyze the effect of a wife??s human capital on her husband??s earnings, using individual-level data for Japan in the period 2000?C2003. We find a positive association between a wife??s education and her husband??s earnings, which can be attributed to the assortative mating effect as well as the positive effect of an educated wife on her husband??s productivity. We divide the sample into those couples with non-working wives and those with working wives, and also employ an estimation strategy proposed by Jepsen (Review of Economics of the Household 3:197?C214, 2005), attempting to control for the assortative mating effect. Our regression analysis provides suggestive evidence that educated wives increase their husbands?? productivity and earnings only when they are non-workers and have sufficient time to support their husbands.     

Marriage Settlements

French couples may choose between two types of marriage settlements governing asset ownership after a divorce or inheritance: common property or separate property. A cooperative model considers the marriage contract as a means of providing for widowhood of the less endowed spouse. A second model addresses the probability of divorce and the production of a marriage good. The common property contract then becomes a means of inducing the wife to invest in the marriage good. Choice of contract, labor supply and fertility are simultaneous. Empirically we find that characteristics of the spouses such as relative age or differences in endowments influence the choice. So do the expected number of children and the wife's labor supply decision. This last decision is also shown to be influenced by the chosen settlement, while fertility is not.
JEL classification : J 12; J 4; K 12     

贵州农村不同类型家庭外出务工对家庭收入和生活的影响

分析贵州不同类型家庭外出务工对家庭的影响,发现夫妻共同外出务工家庭多以进工厂的方式外出打工,他们收入要高于户主单独外出务工家庭收入,而夫妻共同外出打工对留守老人与儿童的负面影响要大于户主单独外出务工的家庭。