Effects of food and agricultural imports on domestic factors in the U.S. agricultural sector: a translog cost function framework

The translog cost function of the U.S. agricultural sector unveils dynamic relationships between foreign and domestic inputs. On average, capital and labour are weak substitutes, but they are strong substitutes to food and agricultural imports. Therefore, enhancing trade policies on food and agricultural products should be supplemented by strategic policies aiming at protecting domestic factors' income.     

The impact of technology imports on technology balance of payments in Korea: an ARDL bounds testing approach

This study empirically analyses the impact of technology imports on the technology balance of payments in Korea during 1981–2013 using the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach of co-integration. We estimate the long- and short-run coefficients of the technology balance of payments with respect to technology imports. The results show that technology imports produce positive effects on the technology balance of payments in the long run, although it has negative effects in the short run.     

中国新疆番茄产业发展现状分析

由于丰富优质的原料资源、较低的成本等优势,新疆番茄产业发展前景喜人。新疆番茄的生产在中国甚至在世界上都具举足轻重的地位,从一定程度上说影响着番茄的世界贸易格局。与此同时,新疆番茄产业发展面临诸多问题,应通过政策扶持、产业结构调整、绿色贸易、品牌战略及龙头企业的带动等措施实现新疆番茄产业的可持续发展。     

外资和外贸创新溢出效应的行业差异分析——基于广州市的实证研究

文章分析了出口贸易、内外资部门的独立研发、外资技术溢出对工业部门创新产出的影响以及它们的行业差异。分析后发现在技术创新领域,外资负面的挤出效应超出其本身知识产出的正面作用;内资是否发挥作用的关键在于行业所处市场是否充分竞争和是否重视研发的投入;外资技术溢出效应显著的部门是适宜"看中学"的行业和因为技术差距较大而未与外资直接竞争的企业;出口贸易和干中学拉动创新的关键在于出口的或劳动中所使用的产品是否有较高的技术含量。文章给出了不同行业的技术创新特点并提出有行业针对性的政策建议。     

略论战略性贸易政策在中国电子信息产业的适用性——基于市场结构视角

战略贸易政策总是与寡头垄断的市场结构相联系,且该产业应具有超额垄断利润和外部规模经济.绝大多数战略性贸易政策理论模型都建立在双寡头的Cournot模型的基础上.从产业组织理论和贸易类型两个角度看,目前中国电子信息产业属于垄断竞争市场结构,不适宜实施战略性贸易政策.而应考虑到国外同一产业的市场结构和本国的产业绩效,针对价值增值不同的产业环节,结合产业政策,促进产业市场集中度的提高,实行保护程度不同的贸易政策.     

对中国国际贸易与FDI相互关系的重新检验

This paper studies the long-term relationship between FDI and imports and exports through evidence from China by using cointegration technology, and the Granger causality test shows that FDI had an obvious effect on imports and exports activities of foreign firms, and in the meantime, the imports and exports of foreign firms greatly promoted FDI. However, there is not a stable equilibrium between FDI and international trade in the long run for all firms in China. This paper provides some explanations for the possible reasons that cause the above difference in estimation results from the perspectives of both location and industry factors.      

中国承接国际服务外包对产业结构水平影响研究——基于中国1991-2010年时间序列数据计量检验

国际服务外包作为全球服务产业转移的新浪潮为接包国产业结构的调整和升级提供了一次重要契机。本文采用中国1991-2010年时间序列数据,利用回归分析对中国承接国际服务外包与产业结构水平之间的关系进行了检验。检验结果表明中国承接国际服务外包能够显著地提高服务业的产业水平值,但是对整体产业结构升级以及第二产业的拉动作用不显著。     

A test of the impact of mergers on bank competition

We propose a new test to evaluate the impact of horizontal mergers on competition in the banking industry. The test is designed to be applied ex ante to potential mergers while being parsimonious in terms of data, as it only uses information on branches in local markets. The test is a counterfactual exercise based on a two‐stage model where banks compete in branching and interest rates and requires comparing the estimated degree of competition in the status quo, where branching networks by banks are those actually observed, with a counterfactual scenario, where the branching network of the new entity is the sum of the branches of the banks involved in the horizontal merger. The statistical difference between the two estimated measures of competition quantifies the impact of the merger. We apply our test to French and Italian mergers.     

产业结构对贸易政策的影响

有别于其他讨论上下游进出口策略性贸易的文献,我们将产业结构因素加入技术领先国(外国)与技术落后国(本国)之间的贸易问题,在中间产品市场和最终产品市场都是古诺竞争的假设下,利用两阶段博弈模型,考虑当技术先进国同时出口中间产品和最终产品到技术落后国时,技术落后国的策略性贸易政策问题.文中的研究结论,可以解释我国一些产业发展中的现象,同时也可以给我国在制定上下游企业的国际贸易政策时提供一定的理论依据和参考思路.     

The impact of trade costs on exports: An empirical modeling

Studies, which have discussed some of the important issues concerning the measurement of trade costs, have conceded that the literature is still in the early stages of understanding and measuring what the real costs are. It is in this context, decomposing trade costs into ‘natural’ costs, ‘behind the border’ costs, ‘explicit beyond the border’ costs, and ‘implicit beyond the border’ costs, this paper suggests a method to measure the impacts of these components on changes in exports between countries in the absence of complete information on all the components of trade costs in home and partner countries. Empirical measurement has been demonstrated using 1999 and 2004 trade data from Pakistan. The results show that Pakistan's export growth between 1999 and 2004 came mainly from the reduction in both ‘explicit and implicit beyond the border’ trade costs in partner countries.     

Black market exchange rates in India: an empirical analysis

In this paper, we explore the determinants of black market (BM) exchange rates in India using annual data from 1955–1994 and integration and cointegration analysis. Two important factors, namely the import capacity of official foreign exchange reserves and restrictions on international trade, have largely been ignored as determinants of BM rates. We stress the importance of these two factors and incorporate them, with others more familiar in the literature, in our theoretical and empirical model for BM rates in India. Our empirical findings show that a low level of official foreign exchange reserves negatively and a high level of trade restrictions positively affect BM rates. We show that the flexible Bretton Woods exchange rate policies for India in 1973 have a negative impact on BM rates. The results also reveal that interest rate policies positively affect BM rates. Thus, our empirical model lends support to the trade and monetary approaches to BM rates and hence, trade restrictions with excess money supply should be removed to eliminate the BMs for forex in India. First Version Received: September 98/Final Version Received: January 2000     

Measuring the effectiveness of non-price export promotion using a supply-side approach

In this paper we assess the effectiveness of the Market Promotion Program (MPP) in increasing U.S. exports and benefitting U.S. agricultural producers and food processors. Export shipments are linked to producer welfare using Kohli's (1978) profit maximization (GNP function) approach to modeling international trade. Using estimated profit functions in conjunction with a synthetic export demand function for processed agricultural products, we compute changes in farm and food processing sector profits that result from alternative own-price and advertising elasticities of export demand with and without the MPP subsidy. This approach allows us to investigate aggregate welfare effects of nonprice promotion without requiring the difficult task of estimating the export demand effects of market promotion activities for numerous commodities and importing countries. First version received: April 1999/Final version received: June 2000     

浙江省劳动密集型产品比较优势的动态演化——经验分析

针对在浙江省出口商品结构中居于重要地位的劳动密集型产品,计算RSCA指数并构造马尔可夫转移矩阵。实证分析结果表明:整体上看,浙江省劳动密集型产品的比较优势并不强,且分布不均匀;处于强、弱比较优势以及比较劣势三种状态的不同细类产品的比较优势动态变化呈现出不同的持续性、流动性特征,亦具有不同的提升潜力。在此基础上,针对处于不同比较优势状态的劳动密集型产品,从微观、中观、宏观三个层面剖析了比较优势动态演化的深层机理。     

Tariffs and non-tariff barriers to trade in Hungary: The impact of the Uruguay Round and EU accession

International trade has featured prominently in Hungary's rapid transition to a market economy. This paper reports some relatively simple summary and complementary indicators for tariffs and non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to trade, which are designed to reflect the level and structure of tariffs and the scope of NTBs in Hungary. The existence of tariff 'spikes' and highly pervasive NTBs in certain sectors constitutes prima facie evidence that the domestic dead-weight efficiency and net welfare losses caused by tariff and non-tariff protection as well as the costs to consumers could be high. The indicators are used to highlight several key developments associated with Hungary's transition to a market economy, implementation of the Uruguay Round (UR) agreements and possible accession to the EU.     

长三角区域食品工业可持续发展面板模型研究

本文采用面板数据(paneldata)模型方法,对江苏、浙江和上海三地食品工业可持续发展的影响因素进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,长三角区域食品工业属于资本密集型产业,该区域各省市食品工业可持续发展的影响因素有显著差异,三地食品工业结构的不同是造成这种差异的主要原因。     

The determinants and trends of China's exportable structure

The paper empirically investigates several key factors to determine changes in China's exportable structure. Based on this, it predicts the possible changes of China's export goods, especially of those with high value-added. It concludes that comparative advantage, market structure and the global integration penetration are the three most important factors to determine the exportable structure for each industry in China.     

我国复杂技术产业的市场追赶态势研究:国际贸易视角

从国际贸易的视角来探讨我国复杂技术产业的市场追赶态势。研究发现:我国复杂技术产业的市场追赶绩效明显,就产品和工艺都复杂的产品而言,我国出口额占全世界出口额的比例从2000年的2.41%快速上升到2008年的10.96%,产品和工艺都复杂的产品的出口额占我国出口总额的比例从2000年的46.43%上升到2008年的72.35%;从中、美、德、日、韩五国的比较结果来看,在产品和工艺都复杂的产品的出口总额中,2000—2008年间美国和日本所占份额都在下降,德国和韩国缓慢增长,我国快速增长,从第5位上升到第2位;从国际贸易平衡来看,在产品和工艺都复杂的产品领域,2000—2008年间我国成功地从净进口国转变为净出口国,但同期日本和德国在此类产品上一直保持较高的贸易顺差,我国和日本、德国在复杂技术产业领域的贸易顺差还有较大差距。     

The heterogeneous effect of finance on international trade

Is the impact of financial development on international trade heterogeneous – being positive, negative or null – across manufacturing sectors? And is it dependent on the level of sectoral requirement on external finance for capital need? To examine these questions this article uses a panel trade database on 21 manufacturing sectors in 80 countries between 2000 and 2009. The analysis demonstrates that the effect of financial development on trade is indeed heterogeneous by estimating a coefficient for each sector and showing that the signs and significance levels vary across them. The article also demonstrates that sectors with strong reliance on external finance export higher volume from countries with developed financial system and that financial development reduces trade in industries with low financial dependence level.     

国际价值与国际价格:劳动价值论的解释

马克思在劳动价值论中对于商品的国民价值向国际价值转移的内在机制及相关理论没有形成系统的论述。笔者认为,商品的国际价值量由“世界劳动的平均单位”决定,并且只有进入国际市场的那一部分商品才具备国际价值量的属性。遵循价格围绕价值波动的基本原理,国际价格也是围绕国际价值波动的。在国际贸易利益的分配上,参与国际贸易的商品可以获取国际价值和国际价格的双重利益。     

发展中国国际文化贸易的思考——以动漫产业为例

动漫产业正在迅速成为世界范围内迅猛发展的新兴支柱产业之一,在经济全球化的背景下,动漫国际贸易成为动漫产业经营模式的重要组成部分。日本和韩国近年来在发展动漫产品的文化贸易方面让世界刮目相看,究其原因是由于日、韩两国政府制定和颁布了一系列促进动漫产品贸易的政策法规,两国的动漫产品才得以进入国际市场。旨在通过研究动漫产品贸易政策,以取日韩所长发展中国的动漫产业。