Secrets to design an effective message on Facebook: an application to a touristic destination based on big data analysis

The objective of this research is to identify which are the key variables for designing a message in a social network that can be used by an advertiser to generate Positive/Negative Engagement. The message’s design variables have been classified into four main groups: (i) Message Tools (presence of text, images, video, labels, applications, interactive games and events calendar or others), (ii) Appropriate Message Structure (length and intelligibility), (iii) Informative Cues (links to the brand, orientation towards the product or the brand, topics relevant to the audience, and a remuneration’s promise) and (iv) Persuasive and Emotional Cues (emotional signals, valence, endorsement and influencer mentions). The focus has been a tourist destination: Brand Spain that is advertised through Facebook. A content analysis was carried out and regression analysis with optimal scaling was used on 180 Spain brand’s publications; 57,626 audience reactions to such publications; and 1361 audience comments on the Brand Spain Official Fan Page. According to our results, from the four blocks of predictive variables, only two of them are useful to predict Positive/Negative Engagement: (i) the use of Message Tools (videos), and (ii) the use of informative cues (relevant topics, links on posts, and post’s orientation towards product).     

Incentive-based regulation of CO2 emissions from international aviation

We explore the possibilities of using incentive-based environmental regulations of CO₂ emissions from international civil aviation. In theory incentive-based instruments such as an emission charge or a tradable emission permit system are better regulations than so-called command-and-control regulations such as emission limits or technology standards. However, the implementation of these instruments is a complex issue. We therefore describe and discuss how an emission charge and a tradable emission permit system for international aviation should be designed in order to improve efficiency. We also compare these two types of regulations. In brief, we find that an emission charge and a tradable emission permit system in which the permits are auctioned have more or less the same characteristics. The main advantage of a tradable emission permit system is that the effect, in terms of emission reductions, is known. On the other hand, we show that under uncertainty an emission charge is preferred. The choice of regulation is a political decision and it does not seem likely that an environmental charge or a tradable emission permit system would be implemented without consideration of the costs of the regulation. Revenue-neutral charges or gratis distribution of permits would, for this reason, be realistic choices of regulations. However, such actions are likely to result in less stringent regulations and other negative welfare effects.     

Solving airside airport congestion: Why peak runway pricing is not working

The paper examines why peak runway pricing has never been effectively implemented. Some of the literature discussing the theory is examined to show the basis for the theory and the potential for flaws in practice. Three cases where airports attempted to implement peak runway pricing are analyzed. The findings indicate that there may be some institutional barriers to peak pricing theory that prevent effective implementation. Airports and others seeking to reduce congestion might consider focusing their efforts on working towards providing alternatives for passengers, rather than attempting to use peak pricing as a congestion-reduction mechanism in isolation.     

包神铁路能力计算与瓶颈识别疏解研究

包神铁路基础设施不断完善,先进生产技术投入运用,已实现经济社会效益阶跃式发展,逐步成为神华煤炭运输通道的核心干线。包神铁路运能和运量矛盾突出,实时能力计算和瓶颈识别疏解亟待研究。采用分析计算法计算包神铁路能力,利用TDCS数据计算各区间通过的列车数量,车站咽喉区道岔、正线及到发线能力利用率等指标,识别和分析能力瓶颈,系统性地提出包神铁路能力瓶颈消解措施,为包神铁路运输能力科学利用和智能决策提供技术支持。     

综合交通枢纽与城市交通体系的整合

当前新建的以铁路为主体的综合交通枢纽,已经成为整个城市甚至整个区域的交通换乘中心,因此将综合交通枢纽纳入到整个城市的交通体系之中就显得十分重要。通过对郑州东站等几个大型综合交通枢纽工程实例的分析,总结了综合交通枢纽交通设计的关键因素,提出了将综合交通枢纽与城市交通体系进行全面整合的设计思想和设计方法。     

An origin–destination based road pricing model for static and multi-period traffic assignment problems

To mitigate traffic externalities, we propose an origin–destination (OD) based road pricing model for traffic assignment problems. For elastic demand, we derive explicit optimal tolls for the OD-based pricing scheme. We also extend the model to a multi-period static traffic assignment (MSTA) where we derive analytically the route and OD-dependent tolls based on equilibrium conditions. We present some examples to show that the OD-based tolling scheme could improve the system welfare significantly, compared to the no-toll scenario (user equilibrium – UE).     

对铁路物流企业抑尘服务定价模式的思考

铁路是国民经济的大动脉,铁路运输是现代化运输业的主要运输方式之一,相比于其他运输方式具有连续性、运量大、成本低等特点。在铁路运输主营业务下,有一定数量的非运输经营企业依托于铁路线投资建设了许多货场,并在货场上开展物流延伸各项服务。合理确定收费价格是提高企业经营效益的关键,就某铁路物流企业煤炭抑尘服务如何定价展开讨论。     

Are passengers willing to pay more for additional legroom?

This paper investigates whether or not the efforts by two of the largest US airlines to increase seat pitch (i.e. legroom) across their aircraft fleet during 2000 resulted in fare premia relative to the other ‘full service carriers’. Using panel data from 1998 to 2002, we estimate fixed-effects regressions in markets with overlapping service between large hub and spoke carriers and find that United's ‘Premium Economy’ program was more successful than American's ‘More Room Throughout Coach’ program at generating fare premia.