科技进步促进劳动就业实证研究--以广东省为例

从长远来看，科技进步既呈现与劳动就业的负相关关系，又对增加劳动就业有促进作用。结合广东实践。分析探讨了科技进步促进广东省劳动就业的主要途径。     

论新时期我国十大经济关系

新时期我们必须以科学发展观统领经济发展全局,正确处理各种经济关系。综合起来,一共有十大经济关系,即经济增长和环境的关系,投资、消费和进出口的关系,工业、服务业和农业的关系,东、中、西部地区和东北老工业区的关系,城市和农村的关系,公有制经济和非公有制经济的关系,效率和公平的关系,利用外资和经济主导权的关系,自主创新和引进技术的关系,科技进步和劳动就业的关系。     

中国经济增长、产业发展与劳动就业的耦合机理分析——基于VAR模型的动态实证分析

经济增长、产业结构与劳动就业是中国经济发展中的重要变量,理论分析表明三者间是相互影响、相互作用的:经济增长与产业结构之间具有累积性、双向循环式的作用机制,产业结构与劳动就业具有作用与反作用关系。构建VAR模型进行实证分析得出三个变量间具有长期的协整关系,但是由于产业结构与就业结构间及其内部的非均衡发展割裂了经济增长、产业结构与劳动就业间的互动,需要从产业结构优化角度来推动经济快速增长和劳动就业的扩大。     

科技进步·人文进步·劳动就业

试用泛系观控技术和信息哲学考量劳动就业,运用小样本集中趋势收敛的信息,揭示出问题的要害在于人文进步与科技进步不协调,提出了一些值得讨论的问题。     

科技进步·人文进步·劳动就业

试用泛系观控技术和信息哲学考量劳动就业,运用小样本集中趋势收敛的信息,揭示出问题的要害在于人文进步与科技进步不协调,提出了一些值得讨论的问题。     

加入WTO与劳动就业制度接轨问题

文章对WTO成员劳动就业制度特点、我国劳动就业制度存在的问题进行了分析。在此基础上提出了促使我国劳动法制度与WTO规则相接轨的几点建议 ,即实现劳动力市场法制化 ,调整劳动争议的内容和解决机制。     

经济增长、产业发展与劳动就业的耦合机理分析——以河南省为例

经济增长、产业发展与劳动就业间是相互影响、相互作用的。笔者在剖析三者耦合机理的基础上,通过构建VAR模型,对河南省的经济增长、产业发展与劳动就业间的联系进行Johansen协整检验和Granger因果关系检验,发现三个变量间具有长期的协整关系,但由于产业结构与就业结构间及其内部的非均衡发展割裂了经济增长、产业发展与劳动就业间的互动,故需从提升产业发展角度来推动河南省经济的快速增长和劳动就业的扩大。     

增值税、企业所得税与区域经济发展的相关性分析

实行消费型增值税既有利于促进投资增长和科技进步，又有利于促进劳动就业、产业升级和区域经济发展；本着公平、效率、简便和国民待遇原则，统一内外资企业所得税，进一步优化竞争环境。     

基于经济增长的劳动就业问题研究

从本质看,经济增长与劳动就业之间存在一定的正向关系;从劳动力的派生机制和劳动力结构两方面分析当前金融危机对劳动就业产生的影响,并从经济增长的视角提出解决劳动就业问题的对策。     

劳动就业环境与区域竞争力

对于劳动就业环境和区域竞争力之间的关系,目前存在着一些不同看法。有观点认为,劳动就业环境建设在现阶段并不重要,主张用低水平的劳动就业环境去谋求经济发展。该文分析认为,牺牲劳动就业环境的做法对区域持续发展和长远发展不利,并从劳动力资源分析入手,探析了劳动就业环境促进区域竞争力提升的机理,提出了改善劳动就业环境的对策和建议。     

Relation between growth and unemployment in a model with labor-force participation and adverse labor institutions

Based on labor search models with an exogenous labor force, existing papers have found a negative relation between long-run economic growth and unemployment. Motivated by the fact that the labor force participation has changed substantially across OECD countries, this paper revisits the long-run relation by taking account of endogenous labor-force participation. We find that, via the effects on employment, changes in labor market institutions may increase or decrease long-run economic growth. Moreover, depending upon the effects on the labor force and employment, these labor market institutions may increase or decrease unemployment rates in the long run. Thus, changes in labor market institutions lead to a non-monotone relation between long-run economic growth and unemployment that is consistent with the data.     

科技进步条件下的经济增长与就业

科技进步有助于经济增长,而经济增长可带动就业增长。运用理论模型推导分析科技进步条件下经济增长对就业的效应关系。科技进步对就业的影响是错综复杂的,一方面由于引进技术使规模经济迅速扩大,增加了对劳动力的需求;另一方面科技进步使边际就业弹性下降,从而减少经济增长对劳动力需求的拉力,不可避免地带来技术性失业、结构性失业与摩擦性失业以及隐性失业的显性化等问题。     

技术进步对我国产出失业关系的影响分析

最近十几年来,我国经济出现了高增长和高失业并存的现象。可分劳动动态随机一般均衡模型模拟结果表明,技术进步促进了产出增长,同时也促进了就业增长,但对就业增长的促进作用明显小于对产出增长的促进作用,同时与技术进步相伴的资本投入也对劳动起到了替代作用。在经济活动人口不断增加的背景下,技术进步对产出和就业增长影响的不对称性,是我国高增长和高失业并存的重要原因。     

技术进步就业挤出效应的产业技术特征研究

在分析技术进步就业挤出效应作用机理的基础上,利用扩展的C-D生产函数模型对就业挤出效应进行测度推导,选取劳动密集度等5个变量对产业技术特征作描述性度量,在此基础上建立挤出效应的产业技术因素影响模型,利用我国制造业25个细分行业数据进行实证分析。结果显示,劳动密集度对就业挤出效应存在显著的负向影响,表明劳动密集型产业难以通过技术进步节约劳动力投入,进而为劳动密集型产业转移路径提供了理论参考依据。     

An interpretation of unequal exchange from Prebisch-Singer to Emmanuel

Emmanuel's view of the Center-Periphery trade relation is linked to a classical literature in trade and development theory which starts from the work of Prebisch, Singer and Lewis. A very simple general equilibrium Ricardian trade model is formulated to deal with terms of trade determination in the context of class conflict both in the Center and the Periphery. The model focuses attention on the effects of technical progress and changes in income distribution on employment levels in the Periphery, where labor surplus conditions are assumed to prevail.     

Labor resources and the current economic development of the USSR

The key task in creating balanced employment in the Soviet Union at the present time involves reducing the number of jobs to a level that corresponds to the actual potential for filling them. Such a step will serve as the basis for a more systematic organization of all aspects of the socialist expanded reproduction of labor power and of general social and economic progress. In the future, however, the mass release of workers from material production as a result of the scientific-technological revolution may create a manpower surplus. The labor shortage should be eliminated by the year 2000, and the working age population will have expanded, requiring expanded employment opportunities. The socialist system of employment must guarantee the systematic employment of the able-bodied population at any qualitative level of social production. The experience of other European socialist countries suggests several guidelines for employment policy. Bringing payroll costs closer to the actual cost of reproduction of labor power can be an important factor in the saving and release of workers in conjunction with the technical and organizational improvement of production. A special system must be formed in advance for the retraining, material support, and redistribution of released workers. Finally, cadres must by psychologically prepared for a much higher level of labor mobility.     

Labor Market Regimes,Family Policies,and Women's Behavior in the EU

Using the EU-SILC database (2005–06) for twenty-four European countries, this article develops a comparative perspective on labor market situations of women and mothers with very young children in relation to labor market institutions and policies (especially childcare and leave schemes). Using multilevel multinomial logit models, our results show firstly the heterogeneity of national arrangements of women's labor market integration in Europe (including among new member states). Secondly, our results show the links between some national policy variables and women's behavior, despite the fact that individual factors explain labor market situations the most. Women's employment is positively related to formal childcare and to characteristics of national labor market regimes. The use of informal childcare is associated with lower women's employment rates, which might be explained by a substitution effect. The employment rate of mothers with very young children is positively related to public childcare and negatively to parental leave.     

The employment consequences of technological advance,demand and labor costs in 16 German industries

The decline of employment in German manufacturing industries is often attributed to technological advance, declines in demand and to increases in labor costs. Using business survey data, the study evaluates the relative importance of these determinants in 16 industries. The empirical finding of a series of probit estimates is that in most cases demand plays a dominant role, in some cases technological progress is an important factor, but in no case are labor costs a decisive determinant. Results may depend on the short-run nature of the analysis.     

技术进步、资本形成与劳动力就业——FDI影响中国经济增长的渠道分析

运用协整理论和误差修正模型,文章对FDI促进中国经济增长的具体渠道(劳动力就业、国内资本形成、全要素生产率提高)进行了实证检验。结果表明,无论在长期还是在短期内,FDI都通过促进劳动力就业和技术进步推动了中国的经济增长。同时,虽然FDI在短期内对国内投资存在着正向的"挤入"效应,但在长期内却"挤出"了国内投资。比较二者之间的产出弹性,发现FDI的产出弹性要小于国内投资。     

从生产函数看河北省经济增长与就业结构的变动

随着资本投入的增长和技术的进步,经济的增长将大量未充分就业的农业劳动力向高生产率部门转移而导致就业结构变化,就业结构的变动又进一步促进了经济的增长。用生产函数将就业结构变动从全要素生产率中分离出来,可以得出就业结构变动对经济增长的推动效应及第一产业就业人口向第二、三产业的流动对经济增长的贡献率。