企业政治关联的本质属性探讨

政治关联主要是指企业与政府部门或官员的密切联系,在当前我国经济中起着重要的作用。本文以社会资本理论、寻租理论、制度及制度变迁理论为基础,通过考察我国目前企业政治关联的现状,发现政治关联具有社会资本、寻租手段、非正式制度三种属性。这使我们对企业政治关联有着更为清楚的认识。     

深化国有资本人格化研究的几个问题

准确理解国有资本人格化的内涵 党的十五大提出了"公有资本"的概念,这是社会主义经济认识方面的重大突破,是与确立社会主义市场经济的目标模式相一致的.在现实生活中,公有资本要由其所有者(全民、集体或其他团体)来操作,这里的"所有者"就是公有资本的人格化.国有资本作为公有资本的重要形式,也只有实现了人格化,即在市场竞争中的国有资本真正有人为其负责,才能体现国有资本的本来属性.那么,国有资本人格化的内涵到底是什么呢?它应该是:国有资本通过一定的自然人(宏观管理者、微观经营者、劳动者)和这些自然人自觉的行动,实现国有资本的资本属性.这里所说"自觉的行动",是指这些自然人在特定的机制作用下不得不为之的行动,而不是指他们的主观意识和觉悟.所谓国有资本的资本属性,包括维护国家经济安全,保证宏观经济平衡,实现对国民经济整体的控制,在一些领域实现资本增值等.     

社会资本、正式制度环境与债权人诉讼 ——基于ST尤夫

文章通过研究ST尤夫(002427)联合社会资本频繁转移控制权,最终因债权人法律诉讼触发监管风险的案例发现:(1)民企实际控制人与社会资本这一非正式制度合谋来增强对公司的控制;(2)社会资本合谋的空间越大,越是造成民企控制权市场非效率化;(3)随着债权人法律诉讼趋于正式化,非正式制度自利行为空间受到抑制.不仅拓展了非正式制度对控制权问题的研究框架,而且检验了制度环境正式化的公司治理效应,为中国制度背景下践行依法治市提供了案例佐证,也对正在逐步完善的债权人司法保护具有启示意义.     

对于交易方式的研究——以温州对人格化交易方式依赖为例

本文研究的是制度与交易方式的关系,论证交易费用对现实条件下的交易方式起主要的决定作用。而通过温州对人格化交易方式依赖的例证,分析了制度不完备对于经济绩效的影响。同时,通过一个制度模型的建构,论证了非正式规则对于整体制度安排的影响,以及对于交易方式的作用。     

论民间借贷制度的演化

制度是人们的博弈规则，其创设的目的是降低交易成本。制度从广义上说包括正式制度和非正式制度。非式制度是正式制度的来源之一，除非正式制度严重损害正式制度所保护的利益外，一般是正式制度的有益补充；当非正式制度损害社会经济发展时，国家权利就会干涉并促使其制度变迁。民间借贷是因正规金融制度不能满足社会经济需要而产生的一种相对于官方的正式金融组织而处于金融管理部门监管之外的非正式金融制度创新，在我国经济转轨时期，推动了非国有经济的快速发展。但是，随着其参与人数、规模和范围的不断扩大，使得其血缘、地缘关系信用基础不断被突破，对正常金融和社会秩序造成了严重冲击。因此，为了引导和规制度我国民间借贷风险，就应当从制度兴起到风险即借贷危机产生的演化根源进行分析，为政策和制度的创新和完善提供理论依据。     

员工社会资本与中小企业非正式创新

近年来,随着科学技术的发展以及经济改革的加深,创新日益成为企业生存发展所必需的能力之一。创新的实现需要知识的获取、吸收及转化等一系列过程,在这些过程中企业员工尤其是核心员工的社会资本将起到较为重要的作用。本文从员工的角度论述了员工社会资本与中小企业非正式创新的关系,并就如何促使员工社会资本转化为企业的非正式创新成果提出了一些具有可行性的建议。     

基于非正式制度的绿色产业集群融资问题研究

正式制度是人们有意识建立起来的并以正式方式加以确定的各种制度安排,而非正式制度是指人们在长期社会交往过程中逐步形成,并得到社会认可的约定成俗、共同恪守的行为准则。产业集群发展的实践表明,嵌入于社会结构的非正式制度起到了至关重要的作用。在社会资本的分配方式上,尽管正规金融占据主体和主导的地位,但是,鉴于目前我国绿色产业集群发展在资金筹集上的特殊性,本文深入分析了非正式制度在集群发展中的正面效应,并提出了引导非正规金融支持绿色产业集群快速发展的途径。     

从空间的资本属性谈当代城市设计的政策功能

城市是现代资本运动的主战场。空间生产具有强大的消化资本过度积累的能力,固定资本投资因而成为调控经济的有力手段。从马克思主义视角解读空间的资本属性,意在从城市发展的经济驱动力角度理解这一客观规律,并以此为基础分析趋势性的城市问题。城市设计作为公共政策应首先寻求制度建构,继而形成由规制而生的功能体系,发挥引导资本流动、保障物权权益和维护社会公正的作用。     

我国多层次资本市场监管体系的构建

一、引言 由于在现实经济中资本市场的自发运作常常发生市场失灵,导致资本币场效率损失.因此,资本市场监管制度成为维护资本市场效率的内生要求.我国经济转轨中资本市场投机严重,波动频繁,缺乏效率,其根本原因在于监管制度缺陷.因此,建立和完善资本市场监管制度是对资本币场进行有效监管,是促进资本市场健康发展的根本保证.     

交叉上市的投资者保护效应研究

投资者保护研究,是多年来国内外理论界和实务界关注的热点。由于我国的资本市场具有"新兴+转轨"的双重属性,上市公司治理结构、市场机制以及证券监管制度都还不完善,对投资者的法律保护程度低,侵害股东尤其是中小股东利益的行为屡有发生,这已成为制约我国资本市场以及上市公司发展的重要问题。已有的研究也表明对投资者的保护是建立发达资本市场的关键所在(张     

Structural aspects of social capital: tests for cross-national equivalence in Europe

In this contribution we start from the emerging consensus on the widely disputed phenomenon of social capital. We propose to focus on structural aspects of social capital: formal (contacts within formal organizations) and informal (contacts outside of formal organizations). First, we address methodological questions on the cross-national equivalence of these social capital measurements. Second, we re-visit substantive questions on the patterns of relationships in different European countries. In particular, we inquire to which degree formal and informal social capital can substitute each other, as well as being complementary. We take advantage of recent Eurobaromer data (2004) containing a wide range of valid measurements on both structural aspects of social capital. We find strong evidence for cross-national equivalent measurements regarding formal social capital, employing probabilistic scalogram analyses. For informal social capital, we find strong evidence for configural and metric invariance as well as evidence for partial scalar invariance, employing multi group confirmatory factor analyses. We have to reject the substantive hypothesis on substitution of formal and informal social capital for all countries under consideration, except for Romania. We corroborate the hypothesis on complementarity of formal and informal social capital.     

基于流动人口特征的首都人口疏解与管控

流动人口的迁移行为是多种因素共同作用的结果,关于人口迁移的政策制定应建立在对流动人口特征及变化趋势的深入了解基础之上。在京流动人口以劳动年龄人口为主,对于增加劳动力供给和缓解老龄化压力做出了显著的贡献。多数流动人口在京居住依赖租房,房租是导致其生活成本日益上升的重要因素;流动人口的社会融入程度较低,尤其城乡接合部地区社会隔离现象较为显著,大量流动人口未能有效融入现代城市的生产生活体系。首都的人口管控与城市治理是一个系统工程,既要通过“控”“收”联动,加强人口的有序流动,也要疏解与引导相结合,使流动人口的结构与行为更符合首都发展的需要。     

社会空间特性对社会交往的影响——以长沙市为例

社会空间对社会交往的影响源于空间的特性。实证资料表明,社会空间与社会交往形式呈显著相关关系。实证研究表明:社会空间层次越高,无论是正式交往还是非正式交往,交往的频率越高;在非正式交往方面,社会空间层次越低,交往频率亦越高。在此基础上,认为社会空间与社会交往的关系在如下两点上值得进一步探讨:第一,社会空间对社会交往的影响源自文化内涵,但更源自经济内涵;第二,在社会空间分异的社会背景下,要获得丰富的社会资本,就必须加强社会交往。     

我国B2C电子商务个性化商品推荐服务实证研究

优质的个性化推荐系统带来了巨大的经济价值和社会价值的同时,也能提高B2C电子商务在当今激烈的市场竞争环境下的存活能力。在简要介绍电子商务个性化推荐系统模型的基础上,详细分析比较了亚马逊、当当网、天猫三家B2C电子商务个性化商品推荐服务,最后对B2C电子商务推荐系统的进一步发展方向进行了展望。     

Special Issue

The role of informal venture capital in entrepreneurial process and economic development is increasingly recognized by scholars and policy-makers around the world. Much of the attention that this form of financing has received during the last couple of decades is due to its potential to bridge the regional equity gap. This study is concerned with regional distribution of informal venture capital and factors explaining the allocation of informal investments, and it is based on a large random sample of informal venture capital investors in Sweden. The key findings are that the informal venture capital market in Sweden shows a considerable concentration in metropolitan areas and university cities. Further, investments conducted in these places are allocated in proportion to the new business formation rate and concentration of technology-based firms, while the only factor that provides some explanation for the location of informal investments in the peripheral regions is the proportion of the regional population that is considering starting their own business. Finally, there is a small but significant reallocation of informal venture capital from peripheral regions to metropolitan areas and university cities, which shows that the informal venture capital market in Sweden contributes rather to sustaining the regional equity gap than to bridging it.     

社会资本、政府干预与区域资本配置效率——来自省级工业行业数据的证据

选取2000—2012年中国大陆30个省份35个工业行业的数据为研究样本,分析社会资本和政府干预影响区域间资本配置效率的作用机制并进行实证检验后发现：较高的社会资本水平和较低的政府干预程度,有助于提高资本配置效率;社会资本与政府干预在影响资本配置效率方面存在替代关系,在政府干预比较严重的地区,社会资本对资本配置效率的影响更加显著。     

Swedish BioTech SMEs: The veiled values in online networks

For many years, sociologists have conceptualized and debated the value of ‘social capital’, the resources embedded in an actor's social network. The notions of network organizations and strategic alliances have become important forms of entrepreneurial venture, yet often the value in these networks is veiled by network complexity. These associations of individuals and organizations are typically undocumented, difficult to identify by third parties, and even pass unrecognized by their constituent members. They consist of informal Internet networks that are extremely valuable because of the strategic social capital embedded in them.Drawing on social network theory, this paper outlines a methodology for viewing and valuing informal Internet networks, using small-to-medium sized enterprises in the Swedish biotechnology arena as a backdrop. It demonstrates that networks can be constructed from the links between the web sites of actor firms, and that it is possible to use social network theory to identify the most prominent actors. Then, using structural hole analysis, the entrepreneurial opportunities surrounding these actors can be unveiled.     

济南市旅游电子商务现状分析

旅游业是信息密集型和信息依托型产业[1],对于我国社会经济的发展具有重大作用,近期以来,旅游业发展迅速,随着信息技术的快速发展和旅游业的进一步繁荣,游客对网上查询、预订的需求逐渐变大,而电子商务可以解决资金投入大,管理困难、游客个性化服务等相关的问题,是近来旅游企业的重点关注点,因此对旅游电子商务的现状进行研究,提供技术支持,改变功能结构,对当前电子商务发展有重要现实意义。     

THE RELATIVE PERFORMANCE OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTORS IN INDIA

We evaluate the relative performance of formal and informal sectors in India by looking into their productivity difference. Recognizing the intersectoral linkages in the economy, the competitive general equilibrium prices are computed; these signal the productivities. Our model synthesizes frontier analysis with the general equilibrium approach to generate shadow prices. The formal activities are found to be more productive than the informal. However, the informal services sector is as efficient as the formal one. There would be an overall productivity gain of 22% to the economy if factors were allocated to productive activities. The shadow prices from the model indicate that the formal capital and informal capital are scarce factors, while it has been the opposite for formal (regular) and informal (casual) labour. Formal labour is more productive than its informal counterpart; formal capital and informal capital are equally productive.     

Risky Businesses? Young People in Informal Self‐Employment in Sofia

This article studies how perceptions of the risks associated with informal self‐employment depend on the interplay between the institutional, structural (network) and cultural embeddedness of economic action. Informal self‐employment should create at least three types of risk. The first concerns the possible legal and social sanctions that stem from the illegal character of the entrepreneurial action. The second is related to the complete lack of social security protection among those for whom informal self‐employment is their sole employment. The third is connected with the lack of guarantees concerning contract enforcement, which may increase the probability of opportunistic behaviour by business partners and clients. On the basis of a qualitative study of young, highly educated, informally self‐employed workers in Bulgaria's capital Sofia, I argue that these risks are compensated by the specific network and cultural embeddedness of the economic action. This compensation takes the form of various types of insurance against risks. Its core is the replacement of the vacuum of institutional‐system trust with interpersonal trust. Thus, the specific constellation of institutional, network and cultural embeddedness is able to solve the problem of opportunism, as well as to create the perception that the informally self‐employed are faced with not much greater risks than registered self‐employed workers.