中小企业电子商务平台的研究

探讨中小企业电子商务平台建立的问题。分析中小企业电子商务的安全平台和实施策略 ,运用中小企业电子商务的模式。为中小企业电子商务网站的建立与市场竞争创造良好的环境 ,并为中小企业电子商务平台的建立奠定坚实的基础。     

不确定性定位与中小企业的成长战略

不确定性定位是企业面对不完全信息和不确定性的市场时,自觉地容忍和利用不确定性,通过适应性调整的方式,获得利益并且确立企业能力边界的定位。不确定性定位和波特的定位理论相比,在前提、过程、目标、条件等方面存在明显的差异。对于初始资源条件缺乏,同时能够容忍较高不确定性的中小企业,不确定性定位是其适宜的成长战略。     

Exploring brand identity and entrepreneurship as drivers of small specialist retailer internationalisation: a German case study

While the comparatively sparse literature on small specialist retailing typically supports a proactive interpretation of the drivers of retail internationalisation, a more differentiated picture exists with regard to understanding the role of the brand construct in this process. The wider marketing literature recognises that brand identity, as well as brand image, can inform the process of internationalisation; yet, research focusing on small specialist retail internationalisation remains underdeveloped in this regard. Neither the notion of a multi-faceted brand concept nor its function as a strategic device in the internationalisation process has been analysed with sufficient depth. Furthermore, a better understanding of how and to what extent brand identity is interdependent upon the characteristics and activities of the entrepreneur is yet to emerge. This paper explores the construct of brand identity and its role within small specialist retail internationalisation, and the related influence of the entrepreneur on the internationalisation process. A case study approach is adopted, examining one German small specialist retailer. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with owner-managers and other senior management, an assessment of company documentation as well as participant observation, providing in-depth insights into distinctive internationalisation patterns. The study finds that a simple ‘either-or’ approach, in terms of characterising the retailer’s motivation to internationalisation as being either reactive or proactive, is inadequate in understanding this particular case. Whilst initial motivation was characterised as being reactive, the motivations underpinning further planned internationalisation are determined to be more proactive. More particularly, analysis reveals how brand identity is considered to play an important role in the internationalisation of the case study retailer, and highlights the numerous ways in which the characteristics and activities of the entrepreneurial owner-managers impact the firm’s internationalisation. This research contributes to retail and management research concerning SME internationalisation as well as to the retail branding literature.     

The value of an educated population for an individual's entrepreneurship success

Human capital obtained through education has been shown to be one of the strongest drivers of entrepreneurship performance. The entrepreneur's human capital, though, is only one of the input factors into the production process of her venture. In this paper we will analyze to what extent the education levels of other (potential) stakeholders affect the entrepreneur's performance. The education level of consumers may shape the demand function for an entrepreneur's output, whereas the education level of employees may affect the entrepreneur's productivity and thereby shape her supply function. Based on this, we hypothesize that the performance of an entrepreneur is not only affected positively by her own education level but also by the education level of the population. We find empirical support for this hypothesis using an eight year (1994–2001) panel of labor market participants in the EU-15 countries. An implication of our finding is that entrepreneurship and higher education policies should be considered in tandem with each other.     

中欧中小企业融资结构与融资政策的比较

欧盟在中小企业发展方面的成功是有目共睹的,其在中小企业融资方面的经验是值得我们借鉴的,本文通过中欧中小企业融资现状与政策的对比,来发现欧盟中小企业融资经验对我国的一些启示.     

融入全球采购零售商供应链的对策研究

全球采购在我国产品出口中的作用日益增强,通过全球采购进入国际市场的主渠道,对国内许多企业来说有着巨大的吸引力。但全球采购商对供应商的要求非常严格,我国企业要想真正融入其供应链,必须从战略高度认识全球采购,更新企业经营理念,熟悉零售营销惯例,加强信息化建设,推进物流的现代化,强化中介组织的作用。     

双因素理论在中小企业人力资源管理中的应用

如何解决好中小企业的人力资源管(HRM),关系到中小企业的发展与壮大。中小企业要改变以往的姿态,注重对人力资源管理的投入,解决好企业人才问题。在这里把双因素理论的观点应用到中小企业人力资源管理问题之中,从保健因素和激励因素两方面入手,提出了中小企业利用好人力资源管理的一系列有效措施。     

Credit granting to small firms: A Brazilian case

Transaction costs limit the supply of credit to small and medium-sized firms (SMEs). From a sample of 65,535 SME credit proposals submitted to a large Brazilian bank between January 2004 and September 2006, this research analyzes credit granting decisions. Results suggest that small firms face credit rationing and that low risk credit contracts with liquid collateral are their primary source of credit. Also, the bank captures private information through its lending relationships with borrowers, which affects its credit granting decisions. The findings reveal that the bank under study faces difficulties in expanding the supply of credit to small firms mainly because of cost, collateral-dependency and constraints due to asymmetric information.     

对我国中小企业会计制度的建议与思考

随着我国经济的不断发展,中小企业会计制度发挥了越来越重要的作用.科学有效的会计制度,是企业实现现代化管理目标的有力保障.中小企业如何实现可持续发展,已成为社会共同关注的话题.     

Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes

Effective human capital formation through the medium of entrepreneurship education and training (EET) is of increasing concern for governments, as EET is growing rapidly across the world. Unfortunately, there is a lack of consistent evidence showing that EET helps to create more or better entrepreneurs. We undertake the first quantitative review of the literature and, in the context of human capital theory, find that there is indeed support for the value of EET. Based on 42 independent samples (N = 16,657), we find a significant relationship between EET and entrepreneurship-related human capital assets (r_w = .217) and entrepreneurship outcomes (r_w = .159). The relationship between EET and entrepreneurship outcomes is stronger for academic-focused EET interventions (r_w = .238) than for training-focused EET interventions (r_w = .151). We find evidence of heterogeneity in many of our correlations, and recommend that future studies examine potential moderators to more clearly delineate EET effect sizes. We also find a number of methodological weaknesses among the studies analyzed and that those studies with lower methodological rigor are overstating the effect of EET. Recommendations to improve the quality of future work in the field are provided.     

基于产业集群的中小企业融资问题研究

中小企业集群对区域经济发展的贡献日益突出,但近些年来,集群内中小企业融资难问题已成为中小企业集群发展的瓶颈。研究集群融资优势相关理论,使我国中小企业集群融资存在的问题得到相应的解决。     

“You Can't Make a Good Wine without a Few Beers”: Gatekeepers and knowledge flow in industrial districts

Knowledge sharing sometimes plays a key role in the performance of clustered organizations, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), however, SMEs also face significant knowledge-related disadvantages due to their lack of absorptive capacity and functional expertise. This study investigates the influence of technical specialists on knowledge flow in a wine cluster in Australia. The main contribution of this paper is a finding that the technical specialist's gatekeeping role both links clustered SMEs to the global wine “systemworld” by transferring knowledge of technical developments and innovation, and simultaneously develops and refines regional winemaking styles by sharing locally specific, experientially derived knowledge. Technical specialists drew on bridging and bonding social capital to identify and retrieve specialist knowledge, and were capable of assimilating complex technical knowledge into the cluster. These findings are particularly significant because recipients were typically small and micro-firms, which are frequently located outside cluster knowledge-network.     

Linking inward/outward FDI and exploitation/exploration strategies: Development of a framework for SMEs

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between exploitation/exploration strategy and foreign direct investment (FDI) involving small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Drawing on qualitative data collected from 45 FDI projects reported by 38 SMEs in a small open economy (SMOPEC), we develop an empirically grounded framework and research propositions that suggest inward FDI (into the SME) is associated with exploration driven by a strategic asset-seeking motive, and outward FDI (by the SME) is associated with exploitation driven by market and efficiency-seeking motives. Further, for the SMEs in this study, ambidextrous exploration and exploitation appear complementary and co-occur either simultaneously through an inward FDI project, or sequentially through separate inward and outward FDI projects, respectively. Our findings, however, reveal a lack of clear sequencing between inward and outward FDI, in contrast to previous research that has conceptualised inward FDI as a strategic means to achieve outward FDI. Implications for theory, practice and policy are discussed.     

Recent developments in the economics of entrepreneurship

This paper serves as an introduction to the special issue of JBV on the economics of entrepreneurship. Since the beginning of the 18th century, economics has recognized the importance of entrepreneurship at both the microeconomic and macroeconomic levels. This paper reviews recent developments in the economics of entrepreneurship, discusses the principles behind the emergence of a new heterodoxy in economics, and how these new principles provide fertile grounds to further our understanding of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial behavior. Finally, the paper reviews the contributions included in this special issue and puts them in the context of recent developments in entrepreneurship research.     

中小企业融资机制的缺陷与创新探析

实践证明中小企业已经成为经济发展的重要因素,但是当前的融资机制还不完善,存在着诸如资金供给者和需求者之间信息不对称进而导致出现逆向选择和道德风险、直接融资体制不够完善、中小企业的高风险性与商业性金融机构三性原则之间的矛盾、企业融资缺乏信用等一系列问题,直接影响了中小企业的发展。这决定了解决中小企业融资难的问题只能从融资机制的创新中寻找答案。     

Embedded entrepreneurship in the creative re-construction of place

This paper focuses on ways in which entrepreneurs engage with place and community. Drawing on the ideas of embeddedness and transferring value across spheres, we develop insight about how the relationship between entrepreneurs and communities influences entrepreneurial practices and outcomes. Employing an ethnographic perspective including participant observation, we explored the situated practices of entrepreneurs in two depleted communities in the Northwest of Ireland. We found that entrepreneurs not only drew on the community in running their business, but were also involved in a wide range of “other” activities that engaged, involved and worked with the community. This entrepreneurship produced a range of projects that addressed social and economic issues (unemployment, employability and emigration) and the depleted sense of place which was adversely affecting these communities. We show how social bonds and an affinity to community enable entrepreneurship to create, renew and reify a positive identity of place by combining understanding with entrepreneurial purpose.     

后疫情背景下金融机构开展服务科技型中小（微）企业融资的探索与实践：以浙江为例

由于新冠肺炎疫情的持续影响,科技型中小（微）企业面临着资金周转和融资难的困境,财务脆弱性风险较为明显。这其中既有企业内部的原因,也有社会经济环境、市场状况和金融服务等外部环境因素。本文将对后疫情背景下金融机构服务和促进科技型中小（微）企业融资问题进行理论溯源,并以浙江为例,分析金融机构服务科技型中小（微）企业融资实践中面临的难题,并提出建立风险偿债基金、构建多层次信息平台、将人力资本作为授信额度担保的重要依据、聚焦创新创业生态体系建设等对策和建议,以期助力科技型中小（微）企业“转危为机”,推动投融资服务转型升级。     

中小企业财务治理问题探讨

企业具体的财务管理活动要以财务治理战略为导向,而我国中小企业由于历史发展的原因,其财务治理结构不受重视,存在着诸多问题。从战略导向的角度来建立良好的财务治理机制,为解决中小企业具体的财务管理问题提供了一个新视角。     

中小企业网络营销发展探析

随着现代信息技术的不断发展,中小企业的营销环境也发生了巨大的变化,网络营销正成为一种更加有效的营销形式。以网络营销的内涵分析为基础,分析了中小企业网络营销存在的问题,提出了相关对策建议。