石化产业振兴规划能否帮助企业走出困境

由于涉及到众多下游行业，石化产业的一举一动影响着国民经济的发展全局。目前石化企业的经营状况如何？石化行业振兴规划是否能够帮助企业走出困境？记者采访了多位石化企业负责人和行业分析人士。     

浅谈我国石油石化产业组织改革

改革开放以来,我国石油石化产业组织按照市场化渐进式改革道路,产权体制从行政集中管理体制向国有石油公司、股份制石油公司转变,从产业链的上下游分割向上下游一体化的石油公司转变。通过改革,促进了产业综合实力的提升,建立了市场化条件下的竞争机制。我国的石油石化产业仍需继续深化改革,创新体制和机制,进一步建立健全现代企业制度,做强做大石油石化企业,建设具有国际竞争力的跨国企业。同时,应注重改革与稳定发展的关系,兼顾公平与效率。     

我国天然气上下游市场分割格局有望打破

随着天然气下游（化工领域）市场的日益市场化，以及上游（勘探开发）市场引进国外资金和技术力度的不断增强，我国天然气上下游市场融合发展的条件已日臻成熟，长期分割的市场格局有望打破，这将大大促进我国天然气产品的开发与利用。长期以来，我国天然气上游市场属国家垄断行业，由几家国有企业垄断开发；下游市场则早已全面市场化，无论国内企业，还是外资企业，均可自由进入。天然气上下游产品市场分割，割裂了天然气产业链条的内在联系，对整个天然气产业发展造成诸多负面影响。上游市场企业不了解下游市场企业的实际需求，对下游市场…     

油田企业技术创新拖不得缓不得

技术创新过程往往还包括观念创新、管理创新、组织创新、制度创新和市场创新等。 石化上游企业能否继续有效支撑石油石化工业体系的发展，关键是能否通过技术创新汲取养分健康成长。因此，不断增强石化上游企业的技术创新能力，完善技术创新机制，则是石化上游企业改变原有制度与机制，实现产业结构优化、管理方法科学、管理手段先进及组织机构合理等方面变革发展的主要动力，也是石化上游企业在进入ＷＴＯ和石化股份在境外上市后不断提高竞争能力，实现可持续发展的必由之路。     

化工老大的小九九

在新任全球CEO利伟诚的推动之下,陶氏化学在中国的投资骤然加速,但目前,陶氏只能在石化产业链的下游发力,想要突破政策限制实现石化上游产业的布局,陶氏依然需要时间。     

国际大石油公司下游业务调整趋势

面对外部经济环境的重大变化、石油需求结构的区域性转移、新能源的快速发展，国际大石油公司积极调整其下游业务，优化资产结构，从一味做大做强转向高回报的可持续发展。具体表现在：剥离炼厂和加油站的不良资产；增加上游投资，削减下游投资；调整下游业务，降低原油加工量和油品销售量；转变销售方式，加大贸易与供应形式的销售份额；收缩成熟市场，大力开拓新兴市场；走炼化一体化、装置规模化道路，生产高附加值产品。国际大石油公司对下游业务进行的战略调整，势必会引发对全球油气资源更加激烈的争夺，加剧亚太、中东等地区下游业务的竞争，下游盈利空间可能进一步走低。中国的石油石化企业应该根据自身实际情况，提早制定应对措施。     

醋酸产品下游延伸的研究

对中国石化总公司醋酸产品下游延伸发展进行了探讨。同时介绍了国内外醋酸的消费现状、构成及市场分析。认为，根据石化企业大规模生产的特点，考虑醋酸下游延伸时，应首先发展醋酸乙烯，乙烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物，醋酸酐和醋酸纤维素四种。     

以发展平台化学品为切入点延伸石化产品链

石化企业向精细化工领域的延伸应适度，因产业业务类型不同，价值准则各异，石化企业不宜将产品链一直延伸到精细化学品。平台化学品是连接石油化工和精细化工两类产品的结合部，石化企业具有发展平台化学品的良好条件，并能扬长避短，充分发挥石化企业的原料优势和系统优势，延伸到平台化学品是石化企业适宜的发展战略。针对平台化学品的特点，提出了选择产品，规划项目的思路和方法。     

创“芯”主动管理 业务稳定运行

石油化工行业特性决定了石化企业的业务往往十分庞杂,从上游到下游,从生产到销售,门类众多,并在全国各地拥有大量分支机构。随着计算机等先进技术和设备的引进,通过实施办公自动化,石化企     

HSE为石化集团装上“绿色”钻头

石油石化是传统产业规模化，集成化的典型代表，从产业生命周期的角度评价，已经走到了成熟期，很多资料都支持这种判断，因为成熟产业具有两个突出的特征，其一是供求关系趋衡的情况下市场竞争的加剧和容量萎缩，国内石油产品需求总量虽有增长空间，增速也不低，但生产能力仍大于需求增长，两大集团炼厂普遍开工负荷率不高，加入WTO后，国外油吕的通入将不可阻挡地增加这种供给节余，同时将改变两大集团对市场的“南北分治”，出现市场犬牙交错的局面，其二,出于竞争需要迫使组织机构紧凑化，两大集团重组以后分别由单一的上游，中游企业转变为集上，中，下游业务于一体的综合性能源化工企业，分散的分工回到一元化的母体中，企业的生产链条得到延伸，各环节的风险可以相互承担，从而增强母公司的的体生命力。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

蒸汽热量计量应用的探析

研究了石油化工企业的燕汽计量情况,着重对蒸汽热量计量的合理性进行了分析,阐述了蒸汽热量计量的依据及计算方法,以及蒸气热量计量对节能降耗的重要意义.