Resilience of urban transportation systems. Concept,characteristics, and methods.

Urban transportation systems are susceptible to disturbances, interruptions, and risks from natural and human causes. The concept of resilience has been introduced into urban transportation systems to reduce the consequences of its disruptions. Recently, this concept has attracted considerable interest from researchers from different areas of transportation and mobility. However, several investigations about this issue were carried out under different perspectives, resulting in a more comprehensive concept, which includes adapting and transforming systems for different levels of equilibrium. This article provides a thorough and conceptual review of resilience applied to urban transportation systems focusing on its definitions, characteristics, and quantification methods. Based on this, the evaluation of the level of resilience of mobility subsystems is discussed to provide the basic framework for generating a tool to assess the resilience of the urban transportation system.