中国与越南的经济改革比较分析

自从中国和越南启动经济改革以来,两国都取得了非凡的经济增长。由于各种影响因素,虽然中国与越南具有非常相似的经济发展模式,但是越南的经济增长明显落后于中国。虽然两国经济改革的启动时间相差近十年,两国却具有突出的相似特征,如导致改革的环境、初始的社会经济发展条件以及改革与经济管理方式。中国与越南的经济改革都始于一种为变革提供了接纳能力、危机和机遇三个重要因素的环境。本文基于柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的研究方法,运用两国1995—2013年的相关数据对两国的经济改革模式进行了比较研究。     

浅析中俄(苏)两国改革模式的路径差异

中国的经济改革始于1978年的十一届三中全会,而俄罗斯的经济改革则始于1990年6月,两国对改革路径模式的不同选择以及改革中形成的经验教训引起了全世界的关注。中国在市场经济体制改革中暴露出来的一些问题让人们又开始讨论俄罗斯所谓的激进式改革和中国的渐进式改革孰优孰劣,本文试图对比中、俄两国进行改革的背景、改革路径的选择以及分析在不同模式下改革所带来的社会问题,提出自己的一些观点     

中国经济发展与中美经济关系前景展望

中国正致力于现代化建设,从1979年起到1987年中,8年多来取得了巨大的成就,同时也还存在一些困难和问题。改革、开放、搞活是中国的基本国策,依靠科技进步是发展经济的根本方针。中国在实施上述国策和方针的过程中,需要同世界各国在独立自主、平等互利的基础上,发展友好关系和经济技术合作。中美自1979年建交以来,两国的经济技术交流有了一定的发展,但也还有一些问题需要解决。只要双方采取积极的措施,两国经济技术交流与合作的前景是广阔的。     

广场协议后日本和德国的经济政策对我国经济改革的启示

广场协议时日德两国和我国目前的经济局势颇为相似:外贸顺差、GDP大国、货币兑美元升值。广场协议后日德两国采取的不同的经济政策给我国目前的经济改革带来的启示是:应分散外贸出口地理方向,加强区域经济合作;保证赤字率可承受;维持国内物价稳定;引导资金合理流动,加快产业结构调整,促进企业技术创新,以增强国家财富的生产力,最终促进我国经济持续健康发展。     

中印发展改革的道路与模式比较

中印同为文明古国,山水相连,两国有着2000多年的友好交往史。二战后,中印获得民族解放,两国关系经历了曲折,现已走上了正常发展轨道,建立了战略合作关系。20世纪70—80年代,中国和印度先后走上改革开放道路,两国经济高速增长。中印两国的改革和发展,正在改变     

从中印比较看我国资本市场资源配置

印度共和国与中华人民共和国大约是同一个时期成立的，前者是在1947年，后者是在1949年，但两国进行经济改革的时间相差十几年。中国的市场改革始于1979年，而印度直到20世纪90年代才逐步启动改革进程。这是两国总体经济实力存在差距的主要原因。印度虽然在政治方面继承了英国的议会民主制，但在经济方面同中国一样以苏联为榜样，确立了计划经济体制。印度的工业基础也与中国一样，都是在苏联的援助下才建立起来的。时至今日，印度仍然是一个社会主义性质的经济体制。     

中美军队财务会计报告目标比较与借鉴

近年来中国军队后勤改革,使中关两国军队所面临的军事经济环境逐渐趋同。本文通过对两国军队财务会计报告的比较,分析了异同点及原因,提出了借鉴美国军队经验改进中国军队财务会计报告的思路。     

激进改革的成败与影响

说到经济改革，人们就会很自然地联想到中国和俄罗斯的实践。经过十几年的探索，中国走上了渐进式改革之路；相反，俄罗斯走的却是激进改革之路。从两国改革至今的情况来看，中国的渐进改革之路较之俄罗斯的激进改革之路取得了很好的效果，而俄罗斯经过改革的阵痛，刚开始走上复兴之路。因此，很多人认为，社会主义国家的经济改革之路应该学习中国的先进经验，而不宜走俄罗斯的道路。     

趋同存异:经济全球化下中美劳动关系比较研究

经济全球化导致中美两国劳动关系系统既趋于相同又存在差异.一方面,全球化强化了两国的市场力量并传播了新自由主义政策,产生了一些相似的劳动关系结果,包括更大的雇佣灵活性,更大的工资收入差距,社会安全网络恶化以及工会边缘化.另一方面,由于中关两国原本就在经济发展阶段、劳动关系中的国家地位以及工会结构等方面存在差异,因此面对经济全球化,中关两国在工人行动、雇佣实践、工会改革以及劳工政策等方面也存在着明显差异.     

越南工资福利及国营企业改革

90年代以来,越南经济改革进入全面深入阶段,目前,已取得突破性进展。一个以市场为基础的经济体制框架正在形成。中越两国同是发展中国家,经济发展水平和改革起点相似,目前同是社会主义市场经济。两国在经济改革中的经验有借鉴作用。一、工制福利制的改革过去越南和中国相似实行过长期的计划经济体制。各种福利补贴名目繁多、标准不一,职工工资透明度很差,远不能反映其真实收入水平。表面上看越南干部工资水平很低,但却享受着国家在住房、用车、电话、医疗保健等的诸多优惠待遇。从1992年起越南已着手通过工资货币改革将房租、公费医疗、退休养老、教育费和交通费5项补贴纳入工资,理顺这方面分配关系,并于1993年全部到位。其中房租:将每平方米建筑面积月租金从25盾提高到1350盾,同时增加对职工的工资补贴,从国家主席到一般职工都参加房租改革,只对烈属和1945年前参加工作的老干部可     

How I learned to stop worrying and love the crisis

We investigate the effects of economic crises on the subsequent economic, performance, economic reform, democratization and institutional change. Our analysis is based on a sample of post-communist countries, most of which experienced severe economic, crises during the 1990s. We find that the severity of crisis has a positive impact on the subsequent pace of economic reform, economic growth and, with a delay, on investment and institutional change. Episodes of high inflation, moreover, translate into lower subsequent inflation. Crises thus serve as catalysts of reform and institutional change and lead to better long-term economic performance.     

The effect of World Bank trade adjustment assistance on trade and growth, 1987–2004: Is the glass half full or half empty?

This paper studies the association between trade reform, growth, and trade adjustment assistance in a sample of developing countries that underwent trade reforms during 1987–2004. Our analysis explicitly differentiates between a group of countries that received trade adjustment loans from the World Bank and a non-recipient group. The results suggest that trade adjustment assistance is positively associated with economic growth after trade reform in the medium to long run. In comparison to a pre-reform period and to the non-recipient group, the recipient countries registered 0.2 percent higher growth of real GDP per capita, 5.0 percent higher import growth, and 2.5 percent higher export growth over a period of three to five years after trade reform.     

北京服务业综合改革的体制机制问题分析

随着改革开放的不断深入,我国服务业规模持续增长,北京已形成以服务经济为主导的格局,但是与发达国家和世界城市相比仍有较大差距,现行的管理体制机制严重阻碍服务业综合改革和进一步发展。本文详细分析了北京服务业发展的基础和面临的主要问题,深刻剖析了北京服务业综合改革面临的体制机制障碍,并给出相应的对策建议。     

Testing the Political Replacement Effect: A Panel Data Analysis*

This article tests for the existence of the political replacement effect, as suggested by Acemoglu and Robinson: [American Political Science Review, Vol. 100, pp. 115–131]. They argue that the implementation of market‐oriented reform is crucially driven by the political calculus of incumbent governments: they implement economic policy change if such a choice is not expected to reduce their chances to retain power. This implies a non‐monotonic relationship between the level of political competition and the extent of economic reform. We test this hypothesis using data for 102 countries over the period 1980 to 2005. Our results strongly support the theory.     

浅谈服装工厂的技术经济发展

我国是世界上最大的服装生产国和消费国,随着中国加入世界贸易组织之后,我国的服装产业面临着巨大的挑战和机遇,服装工厂要想更好的发展,必须不断的改革和创新,这样才有利于自身的经济发展。本文通过研究目前我国服装行业的现状,来分析如何提高服装工厂的技术经济发展。     

Evolution of the Government–Business Relationship and Economic Performance in the Former Soviet States – Order State, Rescue State, Punish State

The objective of this paper is to elucidate the relationship between the reform process and economic performance in the states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). There were two strategies used by the former Soviet states to cope with the collapse of the USSR. Some of the FSU countries, in an effort to overcome the institutional vacuum caused by the disintegration of the federal economy, centralized their government authority to manage industry. Others decentralized power in an attempt to regain economic independence for domestic enterprises. To evaluate the essential differences and progress gaps among transition strategies, FSU countries can be divided into three groups, which reflect variations in institutional control of the government-business relationships. The differences in economic performance in FSU countries can be explained to some extent by examining the diversity of institutional patterns that characterize each category. The results of various empirical analyses positively support the validity of such an analytical framework. In this sense, this paper presents a new viewpoint on the transition process in FSU countries that may complement that shown in existing literature.     

Poles' evaluation of the benefits of the Polish economic transformation: A rectification of the misleading of Jeffrey Sachs

In his protracted dispute with Jan Adam over the early benefits of the Polish shock therapy approach to economic reform, a key, and still intact, component of Jeffrey Sachs' case has been a relatively favourable 1991 opinion poll about Poles' perceptions of the benefits of economic reform. This reported that a substantial majority of Poles felt their standard of living had improved as a result of the first two years of economic reform. This was an apparently powerful argument in favour of Poland's particular shock therapy approach to economic reform, as residents of other East European countries, some subject to more gradualist reforms, responded much less positively to the identical question put as part of the same research programme. However, the cited result should be seen as posing a mystery that is at odds with other monthly polls in Poland and seems incompatible with the results of the 1991 Polish Parliamentary elections, which showed a return of support to post-communist parties. A deeper analysis of opinion polls which follows solves the mystery, when it is shown how the cited result was in error and was published in a form diametrically opposite to the true result.     

Testing the impact of educational expenditures on economic growth: new evidence from Latin American countries

This paper investigates the impact of educational expenditures on economic growth for 18 Latin American countries over the period 1970–2009 by using cointegration test procedure in the presence of two unknown structural breaks. Considering structural breaks is necessary for our analysis because of that Latin American countries implemented important reforms to expand their educational systems and these reforms may affect the cointegrating relationship. The findings indicate that there is evidence of cointegrating relationship between educational expenditures and economic growth for the considered countries except Chile, Guyana, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Another finding of the paper is that identified structural breaks refer to the educational reform periods of Latin American countries.     

FULL OF EASTERN PROMISE - UNDERSTANDING HOUSING PRIVATIZATION IN POST-SOCIALIST COUNTRIES

In a period of economic transition, many commentators have identified the inefficiencies, distortions and inequalities which exist in the housing system of post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. These structural flaws are deemed to be incompatible with the adoption of free market principles and economic liberalization. For economic and political reasons the reform of the housing system has become a necessary and indispensable element of the market reform process. This paper contributes to the growing debate on the context in which housing reform and housing privatization programs have been adopted in Europe's post-socialist economies. The paper goes on to argue that the introduction of housing privatization and the preoccupation with owner-occupation has not been based on any overall assessment of what has occurred elsewhere in western Europe or on the experience of housing provision in other advanced western capitalist countries. The economically driven orthodox approach towards privatization and the way this has been translated into the housing system of post-socialist countries raises important policy questions on the longer term viability of housing provision and the creation of a sustainable housing system.     

后发优势、技术吸收与珠三角自主创新

改革开放以来,珠江三角洲取得了举世瞩目的经济建设成就,在产业结构调整过程中,珠江三角洲必须充分利用自身的比较优势和后发优势,在全面分析国外技术扩散规律的基础上,借鉴国外技术赶超战略思想,实现从技术引进、技术模仿和技术扩散向技术创新转型。