资源型产业集群转型过程中的风险研究

文章在阐述资源型产业集群转型背景的基础上,结合文献资料对资源型产业集群转型过程中面临的风险进行了分类,并详细分析了各种风险的影响因素.构建了资源型产业集群转型过程中风险评价指标体系和评价模型,并选取陕西省榆林市能源化工产业集群进行实证研究,对文章提出的风险评价指标体系和模型进行了校验.最后,提出了防范资源型产业集群转型过程中风险的建议.     

基于熵权—模糊综合评判的产业集群自主创新能力评价方法研究

在对产业集群自主创新能力的内涵及其构成进行分析的基础上,得到了产业集群自主创新能力的评价指标体系。将模糊综合评判中的主因素突出型、加权平均型和全面制约型三类隶属度结合起来,构造了符合客观实际的隶属函数,从而得到了产业集群自主创新能力综合评价模型。同时,在确定权重过程中,利用反映指标真实情况的指标熵,结合专家调查,得到兼顾主客观状况的评价指标权重,通过实证检验证明了此评价方法在产业集群自主创新能力评价中的有效性。     

产业集群的网络组织结构与风险研究综述

文章通过对国内外有关网络组织、产业集群网络结构与风险的研究总结,指出基于集群网络组织结构的视角研究产业集群的风险问题,已经成为学者们关注的热点。认为目前缺乏对产业集群风险的量化研究,使得关于产业集群风险研究的成果缺少对实践的指导意义。进一步的研究可以从集群网络结构属性出发,分析产业集群网络组织结构风险的辨识参数和预警原理,建立集群的风险预警指标体系,提出预控对策,从而促进产业集群的可持续发展。     

基于多种量化方法的资源型城市经济转型绩效评价——以大庆市为例

经济转型是资源型城市可持续发展的必要过程,而经济转型绩效的高低是度量经济转型运行状况的重要指标.文章在总结经济转型绩效评估基本理论的基础上,构建了资源型城市经济转型绩效评价的指标体系.选取大庆市为例,运用变异系数法、熵值法及层次分析法对其经济转型绩效进行了测度分析.分析结果:三种评价方法均表明大庆市经济转型的运行状况较好,在经济指数、环境指教、资源指数都取得了良好的效果,但社会指数进步不快.在产业和企业两个层面分析了就业未达到预期效果的主要原因,并提出了一些建议与对策,为大庆市继续推进经济转型提供参考.     

基于绿色经济的产业集群综合绩效评价研究——对唐山钢铁产业集群的实证研究

在绿色经济发展的趋势下,对产业集群的考察应该从集群在经济贡献、技术创新、环境和社会影响4个方面的表现进行集群的综合绩效评价,本文从上述4方面出发,构建了产业集群综合绩效评价指标体系及模糊评价模型,并在此基础上对唐山钢铁产业集群的综合绩效评价做出了具体评价。     

新型城镇化视角下资源型城市战略性工业产业优选模型研究

资源型城市正面临城镇化及产业转型两大重任,将新型城镇化作为产业结构转型升级的重要抓手是解决这一难题的关键所在。本文从新型城镇化视角,构建了该类城市战略性工业产业优选的定量评价指标体系,用层次分析法优化了Weaver－Thomas模型,构建了AHP—Weaver－Thomas资源型城市战略性工业产业优选模型。为验证其稳定性,以太原市为例进行算例分析,选择确定了太原市城镇化进程中需要大力发展的6个战略性工业产业,模型分析结果与太原市现实情况有较高的吻合度。该模型为资源型城市合理选择战略性工业产业提供了新思路,为推动占我国城市总数近1／5的资源型城市新型城镇化进程提供了新方法。     

基于指数型功效函数的高技术产业集群竞争力评价研究——以京津冀为例

本文从内生竞争力和外生竞争力两方面影响因素构建了高技术产业集群竞争力评价三级指标体系,用AHP-熵值法综合确定指标的权重。基于维度和阈值改进的指数型功效函数构建了高技术产业集群竞争力评价模型,再由组合赋权法得到综合评价值,由此反映集群竞争力的强弱。对2004～2013年京津冀高技术产业集群进行实证检验,发现京津冀高技术产业集群竞争力整体呈现逐年增长的趋势,2004～2011年竞争力增长率较低,增长速度较慢;2011～2013年增长率提高,增长速度明显加快。     

资源型城市产业转型熵及其对策——基于力学分析的视角

资源型城市若要实现可持续发展,产业必须转型。文章从力学视角分析了资源型城市产业转型熵,首先指出资源型城市产业系统的开放性,定义了产业转型熵,然后从力学视角分析其推动力、牵引力、支撑力和压力四大影响因素,构建力学模型分析资源型城市产业转型熵,最后提出应营造更加开放的发展环境、增强政策的指导性与实践性、大力发展中小型企业,为促进资源型城市产业转型与可持续发展的理论研究提供新思路。     

基于“两型社会”建设的湖北县域特色产业集群发展研究

2007年武汉城市圈获批为"两型社会"建设综合配套改革试验区,"两型社会"的建设给湖北特色产业集群发展带来机遇的同时,对其发展也提出了更高的要求.文章根据产业集群理论、分析发展特色产业集群与建设"两型社会"的关系,在对武汉市和湖北12个地级市所属的县(市、区)的特色产业、产品和产业集群发展战略进行广泛调查研究的基础上,建立相应的指标体系,采用KMeans聚类分析法对湖北省县域经济区位差异进行分析研究,总结湖北县域特色产业集群的种类、分布情况,探讨湖北建设"两型社会"应重点培植的特色产业集群,提出湖北县域特色产业集群的发展战略,并就如何应对发展机遇和挑战提出建议.     

基于协同产品创新的区域性产业集群风险传染模式研究

产业集群为协同产品创新提供了条件,集群协同产品创新在实践中正蓬勃发展。本文在文献综述的基础上,提出了集群协同产品创新风险传染的概念,分析了风险传染的条件,将集群协同产品创新风险传染模式分为串行传染模式、并行传染模式、与型传染模式和或型传染模式4种,并建立了风险传染背景下的集群企业风险水平模型,为进一步研究集群协同产品创新的风险传染问题奠定了基础。     

Creating balance in dynamic competitions

We consider incentives for organizing competitions in multiple rounds, focusing on situations where there is heterogeneity among the contestants ex ante, which discourages effort in a single contest. Heterogeneity evolves across rounds depending upon the outcomes of previous rounds. We present conditions under which balance in such a competition can be created, by determining the number of rounds and dividing the prize fund carefully across them, so that full rent dissipation entails. In the model, each round is an all-pay auction where contestants differ in their abilities to gain a momentum from winning. We also discuss the case when negative prizes are feasible, demonstrating that this strengthens the full dissipation result; and we consider a case where the size of the winner’s momentum is related to the size of the prize attained, showing that the stronger this linkage, the less of the prize is awarded early on.     

基于绿色管理的跨国公司与发展中国家讨价还价模型研究

本文用博弈论方法分析在完全信息动态博弈下跨国公司与发展中国家政府之间的讨价还价模型．其基本结论是：跨国公司在与东道国政府的非合作性博弈中，是否实施绿色管理以及实施的程度取决于博弈双方的讨价还价能力，合作式竞争将是有关各方最优的策略选择．而政府政策的特征决定了其对跨国公司行为的诱导作用。     

The coevolution of rent appropriation and capability development

Extant approaches to rent appropriation are static in that they explore bargaining power at a fixed point in time. This article contributes by examining how capabilities and bargaining power coevolve. As capabilities are developed, those who are favored by knowledge asymmetries make decisions that balance value creation potential against the rent appropriation regime, such as the organizational form in which the capability will be embedded. Using the example of Apple's development of the iPod, this article illustrates how stakeholders plan for rent appropriation as they assemble new capabilities—well before any value is actually created. Given that firm performance is an outcome of both capability development and rent appropriation, a robust theory must incorporate an understanding of how they coevolve. As such, the article highlights the need to integrate property rights theory with theories of value creation and governance costs as actors constantly make trade‐offs along these dimensions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

政府行为下的土地财政与全要素生产率之间的关系分析

为了解政府行为下的土地财政行为模式对微观企业全要素生产率的差异化影响,本文统计了230个城市在2010~2019年的全要素生产率面板数据,利用工具变量法进行实证研究,发现无论是通过OLS法还是工具变量法,政府行为下的土地财政扩张均会对企业的全要素生产率产生抑制作用;且土地财政扩张在带来规模效应的同时会对技术进步和效率产生抑制;而政府行为下的土地财政扩张政策与企业全要素生产率之间的关系呈倒“U”型分布,即当人均出让收入的对数小于1.52时,土地财政会对全要素生产率具有促进作用,反之则会产生抑制作用。这表明过度依赖土地财政会导致地产行业的过度投资和房价上涨,造成资源配置的扭曲,进而抑制企业全要素生产率的发展。     

规模经济对逆向物流中政府行为的影响研究——基于三阶段博弈的策略分析

逆向物流中企业规模经济效益可以有效促进政府补贴行为。文章建立了基于企业规模效应的三阶段博弈模型,确定了企业最优回收数量和存在规模经济效益时的政府最优补贴率,分别讨论了政府补贴率与企业投资水平及规模经济效益的关系。结论显示:政府补贴可以降低企业投资门槛,从而提高企业投资新设备的积极性;企业规模经济效应会显著提高政府补贴产生的环境保护效益,促进社会总效益达到最优化。     

Cross-shareholdings and competition in a rent-seeking contest

We consider a Tullock rent-seeking contest with two firms and two investors. Each investor owns a majority share in one firm and a silent minority cross-shareholding in the other firm. We measure competition by either firms’ aggregate efforts or rent dissipation. We show that aggregate efforts are smaller in our contest than in the benchmark case without cross-shareholdings. Next, we provide the necessary and sufficient conditions such that equilibrium rent dissipation in our contest is larger than in the benchmark case. Rent dissipation is larger under cross-shareholdings if and only if one firm is much more efficient than the other firm, and the cross-shareholding in the more efficient firm is sufficiently smaller than the cross-shareholding in the less efficient firm.     

Globalized Labour Markets? International Rent Sharing Across 47 Countries

We present evidence about the role of rent sharing in fostering the interdependence of labour markets around the world. Our results draw on a firm‐level panel of more than 2,000 multinationals and over 5,000 of their affiliates, covering 47 home and host countries. We find considerable evidence that multinationals share profits internationally by paying higher wages to their workers in foreign affiliates in periods of higher headquarter profits. This occurs even across continents, and not only within Europe, as shown in earlier research. The results are robust to different tests, including a falsification exercise based on ‘matched’ parents. Finally, we show that rent sharing is higher when the affiliate is located in countries with specific relative characteristics, such as lower economic development or taxation, while it falls with the number of affiliates. We argue that these results are consistent with transfer pricing and bargaining views.     

The Effects of Multi-unionism: a Survey of Large Manufacturing Establishments

Multi-unionism is a distinctive feature of British industrial relations, which is often criticized for reducing the effectiveness of trade unions and also for reducing the efficiency of British business. It is commonly argued that multi-unionism increases strikes, leads to inefficient working practices and complicates the conduct of collective bargaining, although evidence to support this is sparse. This article investigates the process by which multi-unionism reduces business efficiency by a random sample survey of large manufacturing establishments in the North-West of England. Semi-structured interviews with the manager responsible for dealing with trade unions were held in those establishments that were multi-union. It was found that the typical pattern of multi-unionism is for each union to represent distinct groups of workers, rather than competing to represent the same group of workers, and this restricted union competition for members. Even in the minority of establishments that did experience union competition for members, the nature of this competition meant that multi-unionism did not reduce competitiveness. Nor did multi-unionism prevent most employers from introducing efficient working practices. The main implications of multi-unionism are for the conduct of collective bargaining, but any view that this necessarily reduces a firm's efficiency is far too simplistic.     

Vertical integration and product differentiation

We study a new channel of downstream rent extraction through vertical integration: competition for integration. Innovative downstream firms create value and profit opportunities through product differentiation, which however affects an upstream monopolist’s incentive to vertically integrate. By playing the downstream firms against each other for integration, the upstream firm can extract even more than the additional profits generated by the downstream firms’ differentiation activities. To preempt rent extraction, the downstream firms may then reduce differentiation, which reduces social welfare. We show that this social cost of vertical integration is more likely to arise in innovative and competitive industries, and that the competition for integration channel of downstream rent extraction is robust to upstream competition.     

Labor Law,Economics, and Industrial Democracy: A Reconciliation.

This article analyzes the competing economic and industrial democracy/ voice views of unionism. It points out that the economic arguments vis-àvis unionism and the costs of union rent seeking depend on competitive markets. If markets vary in their competitive characteristics, however, and employers also have an incentive to rent-seek, then decentralized, NLRA-type unionism with minimal government interference in establishing bargaining outcomes may serve to restore competitive wages. The article concludes by evaluating some proposals to amend the NLRA in the context of this “symmetry of motives” framework.