完善我国土地规划体系的探讨

在新一轮规划即将全面展开的时候,对我国土地规划工作所取得的成就进行简要的概括,分析了现行体系中存在着规划种类太多、分工不明确、缺乏时间性规划、与产业布局规划缺乏衔接、缺乏对城乡一体化的统筹考虑、与城市规划的关系脱节等缺陷与不足,最后通过探讨研究,分别提出了改进的建议和方法。     

完善我国《国家赔偿法》归责原则法律思考

一、各国国家赔偿法律制度中有关归责原则之立法例 纵观各国国家赔偿法律制度的产生，在产生过程方面具有某些共性，但是，在具体的实体法相关规定中，又具有各自的特点，或者说，又具有个性的方面。     

国外土地规划立法特点及对我国的启示

在介绍日、英、美三个典型国家土地规划立法概况的基础上,分析国外土地规划立法的主要特点,针对我国土地利用规划立法的现状,提出了我国应借鉴国外土地规划立法的成功经验,制定一部专门的《土地规划法》,在建立与新形势相适应的土地利用规划体系的基础上,协调好与其它相关法律的关系,完善立法体系,并提高公众在规划制定中的参与程度.     

完善我国《国家赔偿法》归责原则法律思考

一、各国国家赔偿法律制度中有关归责原则之立法例 纵观各国国家赔偿法律制度的产生,在产生过程方面具有某些共性,但是,在具体的实体法相关规定中,又具有各自的特点,或者说,又具有个性的方面.     

我国农用水资源利用及其政策调整

阐述了我国水资源状况和水资源开发利用中存在的主要问题,提出了利用价格调节水资源的供需矛盾,实行水资源统一管理和优化配置,依靠科技发展旱作农业和节水农业,实施南水北调工程,加强水环境综合治理等5条对策。     

完善我国土地规划与利用的探讨

章从完善土地规划与利用的法律、方法和内容；积极开展土地的整理工作，实现经济、社会和生态效益三统一；城市和农村、山林、农田和农舍界限，提高城市土地利用率，加强土地资源的综合管理；土地利用的发展，创新与趋势等方面，对完善我国土地规划与利用进行探讨。     

我国《物权法》设立先占制度的必要性

先占制度作为一种原始的财产取得方式,是动产所有权取得体系中不可或缺的一环。我国目前的法律对先占制度未作规定,但先占作为一种习惯在我国的现实生活中是存在的,并伴随经济的发展不断涌现出来。先占制度的存在有利于实现物有所归,稳定社会经济秩序,充分发挥物的效用和价值,因此我国《物权法》有必要将之加以规定。     

城市郊区实施《土地承包法》过程坚持的几个原则

《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》(以下简称《土地承包法》) 2 0 0 3年 3月 1日施行。该法的实施 ,进一步深化了家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制 ,有力地赋予了农民长期而有保障的土地使用权 ,发展了宪法和《中华人民共和国土地管理法》关于土地承包的内容 ,有利于促进农村土地市场的发展。大城市郊区与偏远地区相比 ,土地关系有以下特点 :人均土地面积小、城镇化趋势明显、土地资产价值大、土地非农化的潜力大、土地增值潜力大、农民经营过程中兼业化现象广泛、土地关系复杂。土地承包法在郊区实施中要考虑这些特点。笔者在对…     

土地规划理论实践中发展观的演化与趋势

规划中有什么样的发展观，就会有什么样的规划目标、规划原则、发展战略和发展模式。针对现实中的土地规划绩效问题，从国内外土地规划的理论和实践的述评中，透析出其中发展观的演化，并展望新发展观下土地规划理论和实践的发展趋势，为我国土地利用实现科学的发展提供参考。     

谈我国农用土地使用权的再转让

谈我国农用土地使用权的再转让王进轩樊爱芝随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的确立和完善,农业经济必将全面实现商品化和市场化,竞争机制将在这一基础性行业充分发挥作用。为了实现利润最大化和效益最佳化,农业生产者势必尽可能发挥自身优势,以便在激烈的市场竞争中处于...     

土地整理与农业可持续发展问题研究

江苏人口众多,土地资源紧缺,经济快速发展过程中土地的非农化速度很快,保护耕地增产粮食,促进农业的可持续发展问题随着人口、经济高速增长而日益受到重视。江苏省开展的土地整理进行农村土地资源的整合,保持耕地总量平衡,完善农业基础设施,有效地提高土地产出,从而促进土地的持续、高效利用,这为江苏省经济持续高速发展的同时,做好耕地、粮食发展战略决策提供科学依据。     

The intensity change of urban development land: Implications for the city master plan of Guangzhou,China

The Chinese economy has experienced substantial development over the last thirty years. This growth has resulted in an enormous expansion of China's urban areas and it has also led to a growing scarcity of land resources. Consequently, there is currently an urgent need to mitigate the conflict between the needs of growing urban areas and the shrinking supply of land resources. Understanding land-use intensity and its changes can provide important information to find mitigating measures for this conflict in the demand for land. Previous studies have found that increasing the utilization efficiency of land resources is one of the most effective ways to resolve this issue. This study focuses on the city of Guangzhou, which is an intensively developed megalopolis. A number of different data sources have been analyzed to find the characteristics and changes in urban land use in Guangzhou, including: Landsat data from 1979, 1990, 2000, and 2009; relative socioeconomic data from the Guangzhou statistic yearbooks; and the master plans of Guangzhou. The results indicate that the area of developed land has continued to increase. Urban development land intensity and its change were then explored using a Back Propagation neural network model of the city. Although the analysis revealed that urban development land did not have a higher intensity overall, it also showed that there was a sectional upward trend throughout the study period. Consequently, there is a potential to improve the land-use intensity of Guangzhou. A linear regression model was then adopted to explore the mechanism of land use change. The results reveal that rapid industrialization and urbanization have improved land-use intensity in Guangzhou. The per capita urban road area and per capita GDP show a strong relationship when compared with land-use intensity. Using the relative city master plans, the authors have argued that local government in Guangzhou has taken active steps to address land issues to promote the city's socioeconomic development; however, a scientific city master plan in the study area is still necessary to ensure the effective utilization of the city's limited land resources.     

重庆市农业土地利用及生态农业发展模式与对策研究

重庆是大城市带动大农村发展的试点,由于人多地少,农业发展特别是在土地利用方面面临一系列亟待解决的问题;从重庆农业土地资源利用的特点和土地利用中出现的一系列生态环境问题入手,提出解决这些问题的途径是发展生态农业;在这个西部大开发的龙头和长江上游生态环境脆弱区,发展生态农业尤显必要;提出了发展生态农业的目标、措施、当前工作重点。     

Revisiting the World Bank's land law reform agenda in Africa: The promise and perils of customary practices

This paper revisits the World Bank's land law reform agenda in Africa by focusing on two central issues: (1) land law reform as a tool for resolving land conflicts, and (2) the role of land law reform in addressing gender inequalities. While the Bank's recent land report provides insights for improving land governance in Africa, it fails to acknowledge the exploitative and contentious politics that often characterize customary land tenure systems, and the local power dynamics that undermine the ability of marginalized groups to secure land rights. Using insights from recent fieldwork, the paper analyses the links between land law reform and conflict in Ghana, and the gendered dynamics of reforming land governance in Tanzania. These “crucial cases” illustrate how land law reform can provoke conflicts over land and threaten the rights of vulnerable populations (e.g. migrants and women) when customary practices are uncritically endorsed as a means of improving land governance. As such, the paper concludes with a series of recommendations on how to navigate the promise and perils of customary practices in the governance of land.     

我国城市用地扩展与土地集约利用

分析了我国城市用地增长弹性系数和城市用地扩展幂指数规律,发现土地利用效益偏低、扩张速度偏快是目前我国城市用地扩展的主要特征;分析了城市用地扩展的主要驱动力,发现固定资产投资和人口增长是城市扩展的主要动力,而第三产业发展有助于抑制城市用地扩张;认为城市扩展是我国现阶段经济发展的必然结果,但我国城市土地利用应变外廷扩展为外延扩展和内涵挖潜相结合的利用方式,提高土地利用的集约度与综合效益.     

A spatial analysis of land-use change and agriculture in eastern Canada

Publicly available statistics regarding rural demographics, rural society and land use are presented and analysed using Geographic Information System (GIS). Our aim was to provide a quantitative basis for discussion of rural policy issues such as urban encroachment. Productivity (tonnage) of crop agriculture has increased by about 230% over 40 years while that of livestock (expressed as livestock units) has remained constant. Agricultural consolidation and intensification seen in southern Ontario has not translated into economic sustainability where on-farm income declined from 1991 to 2000. However, on-farm income in southern Quebec and municipalities adjacent to Toronto increased, perhaps due to the niche markets created in these regions. The increases in agricultural activity throughout southern Ontario have occurred in regions that have been designated as sites for innovation clusters, thus providing a foundation of resources for bio-based industries to expand and innovate. Reflecting on trends of demographics and production systems we conclude that rural policy should orient its geographical delineation to regional and inter-provincial scales. Our analysis indicates that rural populations and communities are sustainable but agricultural enterprises have changed radically; they have maintained or increased productivity but lost profitability. Applying a rural landscape design to the entire region would help address the sustainability of agriculture and rural communities.     

Co-ordination of land exploitation,exploitable farmland reserves and national planning in China

Land exploitation, as an important strategy to mitigate farmland loss and stabilize grain production, has been adopted to compensate farmland loss due to rapid urbanization in China. Bounded by the limited capacity and obvious spatial variations of national farmland reserves, it is essential to arrange land exploitation activities timely and reasonably. In this study, we propose an indicator for the status of regional land exploitation, the Exploitation Degree, to facilitate an overview of land exploitation programs in China at both provincial and prefectural levels based on project data from 2006 to 2012. To further our understanding of the regional features of land exploitation activities, we employ the Lasso model to identify and quantitatively assess influencing factors on land exploitation. Our study shows that: (1) contemporary land exploitation practices in China are significantly inconsistent across exploitable farmland reserves. Some areas are greatly over-exploited and such irrational land exploitation has been persistent; (2) related national land plans designed to guide land exploitation efforts centered on resource-rich regions and critical areas do not function as intended. Therefore, we suggest that China⿿s land exploitation policy shall be improved by reconsidering the orientation of land exploitation policy, coordinating land exploitation activities with productivity improvements and eco-system protection, and enhancing the power and scope of the plans in controlling and guiding land resource management.     

湖南南岭山区宜农后备土地资源开发研究--以汝城县为例

湖南南岭山区宜农后备土地资源丰富，开发利用的潜力很大；通过对汝城县宜农后备土地资源特点的分析，建立指标体系，进行适宜性评价，提出了该区土地开发模式和措施，对整个湖南南岭山区宜农后备土地资源开发作一初步研究。     

Between dependence and deprivation: The interlocking nature of land alienation in Tanzania

Studies of accumulation by dispossession in the Global South tend to focus on individual sectors, for example, large‐scale agriculture or nature conservation. Yet smallholder farmers and pastoralists are affected by multiple processes of land alienation. Drawing on the case of Tanzania, we illustrate the analytical purchase of a comprehensive examination of dynamics of land alienation across multiple sectors. To begin with, processes of land alienation through investments in agriculture, mining, conservation, and tourism dovetail with a growing social differentiation and class formation. These dynamics generate unequal patterns of land deprivation and accumulation that evolve in a context of continued land dependency for the vast majority of the rural population. Consequently, land alienation engenders responses by individuals and communities seeking to maintain control over their means of production. These responses include migration, land tenure formalization, and land transactions, that propagate across multiple localities and scales, interlocking with and further reinforcing the effects of land alienation. Various localized processes of primitive accumulation contribute to a scramble for land in the aggregate, providing justifications for policies that further drive land alienation.     

中国灌溉农业发展——问题与挑战

中国灌溉农业发展面临的主要问题是农业水资源利用的低效率，表现为短缺与浪费并存。指出干旱缺水是中国粮食产量波动的主要原因，阐述水资源产权模糊、水价偏低、水工程设施产权模糊、分散的水行政管理以及农民用水过程中自主管理组织的缺乏是中国灌溉农业水资源利用效率低下的成因。对此，提出构造实施资源水利的制度环境、完善水资源管理制度、完善水资源政策、促进灌区水市场发展等提高灌溉管理效率的措施是未来中国灌溉农业发展的核心问题。