浅议我国当前的通货膨胀

自2010年下半年以来,随着国际大宗商品、国内农产品、房价的持续升高,我国的物价指数不断攀升,我国经济进入通货膨胀周期已经得到各方的一致认同,社会各界的通过膨胀预期不断加强,政府也将防止通货膨胀作为当前经济政策的主要任务。在上述背景下,本文主要分析了我国同通货膨胀的现状、成因并简要分析了在当前情况下应对通货膨胀的主要措施。     

论我国近期的产出缺口与通货膨胀

当前我国出现了一定程度的通货膨胀现象,本文运用宏观经济学乘数效应原理研究通货膨胀与产出缺口的关系,采用计量方法构造季节调整的状态空间模型进行Kalman滤波估算我国近年产出缺口,实证分析我国当前通货膨胀的成因,进而探讨解决对策.     

我国通货膨胀状况的观测及评价

通货膨胀已成为当前理论及实践中一个不可忽视的问题,欲探讨我国通货膨胀形成的机理和反通货膨胀的对策,首先必须对通货膨胀的状况作出恰当的评价。本文拟首先讨论通货膨胀的观测问题,然后对当前通货膨胀的状况及特点作一些简要的分析。一、通货膨胀的观测通货膨胀首先是一个货币现象,即货币供给量超过了经济需要。这个定义无疑是基本的,正确的。但要正确利用这个定义解决问题,必须弄清,(1)何为货币供给量;     

浅析中国当前通货膨胀的原因

当前的通货膨胀是整个国民经济中的热点问题,抑制和防范通货膨胀已经成为我国经济发展的一个重要问题。此次通货膨胀是多种原因综合作用的结果,有成本推动的原因,有结构性原因,还有货币供给量过大的原因等。因此,对我国当前通货膨胀进行治理应当着眼于当前通货膨胀的形成机制,而不是盲目实施紧缩性货币政策和财政政策。     

浅论通货膨胀预期与经济滞胀

本文在介绍我国通货膨胀预期指数构建方法的基础上,分析了通货膨胀预期与经济运行、通货膨胀的周期性与因果关系,从历史的角度研究了经济滞胀时的通货膨胀预期与通货膨胀之间的特征。研究指出,为了避免经济摆脱“滞胀”后又陷入“衰退”的泥潭,当前必须先改变我国经济下行的态势,并在此基础上合理引导通货膨胀预期。     

我国通货膨胀的现状及对策

通货膨胀严重影响一国经济的健康稳定运行,而目前我国通货膨胀已严重影响到人们的日常生活水平,我国的一些物价水平甚至超过了美国、香港等发达地区。就当前我国通货膨胀的现状、原因进行分析,并提出了一些相关的建议。     

我国当前通货膨胀的成因及货币政策的应对抉择

本文通过我国近期通货膨胀成因的分析,积极探讨货币政策对治理通货膨胀的运用策略及效果。并针对当前我国经济发展的新形势,提出了我国货币政策的应对抉择。     

当前我国通货膨胀成因及政策建议

通货膨胀是一国经济健康稳定运行的大敌，鉴于我国自2007年上半年来物价指数的不断攀升，通货膨胀压力增大的现实经济运行情况，文章就当前我国通货膨胀的特点、成因进行分析并以此提出相关的建议。     

人民币升值与通货膨胀的实证分析

当前,我们面临着人民币对外升值,对内贬值的压力。我们深感通货膨胀的严重,本文将探讨人民币升值和通货膨胀的实证分析,以及两者并存背景下的政策选择。     

通胀通缩交替中的历史机遇探析

从历史这条长线来看,随着社会及经济的发展,中国及国际上出现不同程度的通货膨胀及通货紧缩现象,但以通货膨胀为主.本文着重从"回看历史——环顾当下——面向未来"的框架出发,系统地阐述和分析了过去、当前以及未来中国的通胀通缩现象并与国外进行对比,进一步针对我国当前面临的温和的通货膨胀局面进行探析,并提出相应的对策和建议.     

我国灵活动态金融状况指数构建与应用研究

鉴于目前研究缺乏灵活动态性,本文从通胀控制目标出发,引进MI-TVP-SV-VAR模型,选取5个金融变量,估计其每一期的灵活动态权重,构建我国灵活动态金融状况指数,并分析它对通胀率的预测能力。经验分析结果表明利率和房价的权重相对较大,反映出货币政策依然倚重于价格型传导渠道;FCI与通货膨胀有很高的相关性,且领先通胀1~7个月,能够很好地预测通胀。建议政府定期构建我国灵活动态金融状况指数并应用于通货膨胀预测。     

本轮通货膨胀的成因及对策

文中对中国目前通货膨胀的形成原因进行了分析,认为本轮通货膨胀的类型是成本推动型,提出了要谨防由结构性通货膨胀演变为全面通货膨胀,并从货币政策和财税政策两个方面分析如何应对本轮通货膨胀。     

The effect of money-growth and interest-rate variability upon inflation

This paper analyzes the effect of money-growth and interest-rate variability upon inflation. Unlike prior studies, the reduced-form inflation equation tested is derived from a closed-economy IS-LM model with an expectations-augmented Phillips Curve. The post-1979 period found money-growth variability to have a positive and marginally significant effect upon inflation.     

Context effects in inflation surveys: The influence of additional information and prior questions

Context effects are known to affect responses to surveys. We report effects of information and task contexts in surveys of inflation expectations. Information context refers to contextual information about earlier inflation rates or other economic indicators. Task context refers to judgement tasks performed prior to the inflation judgement task under consideration. In three experiments, we show that contextual information improves judgement accuracy. As this information is given in expert, but not in lay surveys, its provision may partly explain why expert judgements are superior to those of lay people. In both expert and lay surveys, respondents make inflation judgements in the context of already having made other inflation judgements. We show that when different groups of people make inflation judgements either for the current or for the upcoming year, their judgements do not differ. However, when the same people make judgements for both the current and the upcoming years, the latter are significantly higher than the former, perhaps because people expect inflation to increase over time.     

Inflation forecast contracts

We introduce a new type of incentive contract for central bankers: inflation forecast contracts, which make central bankers׳ remunerations contingent on the precision of their inflation forecasts. We show that such contracts enable central bankers to influence inflation expectations more effectively, thus facilitating more successful stabilization of current inflation. Inflation forecast contracts improve the accuracy of inflation forecasts, but have adverse consequences for output. On balance, paying central bankers according to their forecasting performance improves welfare. Optimal inflation forecast contracts stipulate high rewards for accurate forecasts.     

中国核心通货膨胀的估计

准确地测度通货膨胀是认识一般价格水平的变化状况和制定反通货膨胀政策措施的基础。然而，现在被广泛用来测度通货膨胀的RPI或CPI及其对它的改进与通货膨胀的经济内容不一致。这就使得在这些方法下测度的通货膨胀不可能准确地反映实际通货膨胀的状况。于是，本文依据货币数量论提出了一种利用长期识别限制的结构性向量自回归模型来测度核心通货膨胀的新方法。在这个方法里，核心通货膨胀被定义为货币冲击引起的一般价格水平的变化。从向量自回归模型中识别出来的货币冲击和一般价格水平对货币冲击的反应函数被用来构造RPI或CPI变化率由货币冲击引起的成分，这样测度的核心通货膨胀与货币主义理论下通货膨胀的经济内容完全一致。用这种方法估计1954-2002年间中国核心通货膨胀过程中所提供的经济证据表明，我们对核心通货膨胀的定义和估计方法看起来非常合理。而且，测度的结果还能够帮助我们认识我国历史上每一次通货膨胀和通货紧缩的形成机制。     

Inflation targeting and expectation anchoring: Evidence from developed and emerging market economies

Inflation expectations can be inferred from treasury yields data. Previous studies utilizing such data have found evidence for the role of inflation targeting in anchoring inflation expectations in a number of developed market economies. The goal of this paper is to extend the evidence for emerging market economies. We estimate inflation expectations from nominal treasury yields data and infer the anchoring of inflation expectations from the sensitivity of inflation expectations to current inflation rates. Our analysis shows that the effect of inflation targeting is statistically significant in emerging market economies as well as in developed market economies and that the magnitude is marginally greater in the former. Our results are robust to alternative specifications.     

The Political Economy of Low Inflation

What are the politics of inflation? This question is usually raised solely when inflation rates are high. All levels of inflation, however, high and low, are the outcome of political conflicts. But no current approach to the study of inflation — sociological, neoclassical, modern political economy — adequately captures the full range of political issues at stake, and this leads to problems for both theory and policy. This paper critiques the existing perspectives on inflation and then focuses on three theoretical issues raised by those critiques: the economic costs of inflation; the concept of monetary neutrality from economic and political perspectives; and the importance of disaggregating economic growth statistics. Finally, the paper introduces and explores a contending approach to the analysis of the political economy of inflation: a ‘micro‐politics’ perspective. This approach is the only one to address the politics of low inflation, which is of great significance for contemporary political economy.     

The Influence and Policy Signalling Role of FOMC Forecasts

Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) policymakers have published macroeconomic forecasts since 1979 and we examine the effects of FOMC inflation forecasts using a structural VAR model. First, we assess whether they influence private inflation expectations. Second, we investigate the underlying mechanism at work and whether they convey policy signals. We provide original evidence that FOMC inflation forecasts influence private ones. We also find that the influencing effect of FOMC forecasts does not come through current Fed rate changes, that FOMC forecasts affect private expectations in a different way than current policy decisions, and that FOMC forecasts are informative about future Fed rate movements.     

Input–Output Based Measures of Underlying Domestic Inflation: Empirical Evidence from Denmark 1903–2002

The paper presents input–output based time-series data for the underlying domestic inflation in Denmark 1903–2002 and analyses the inflationary development during the last century. More conceptual issues in relation to the interpretation and use of input–output based domestic inflation measures are also discussed. The purpose of such inflation measures is to track the development in the domestic market-determined inflation, which is closely related to the price of gross value added in the domestic market-based private business sector. A price index for value added often displays a different short-term development than the headline CPI. Such differences can be useful in an assessment of the current inflationary environment and in relation to an interpretation of the historical inflation development.