基于改进的热惯通量模型在土壤水反演技术的研究

采用改进的热惯通量模型,结合MODIS遥感数据,对辽西某干旱半干旱区域进行土壤水时空反演分析。分析结果表明:改进的热惯通量模型可解决传统模型无法反演低温期土壤含水量的局限,在土壤水反演精度上明显好于传统模型,相比于传统模型,改进模型模拟值和实测值之间的相对误差Er从30.9%减少到19.8%,均方根误差RMS值从0.057g/cm3降低到0.033g/cm~3。土壤水反演空间变化呈现较为明显的季节性变化特点,这主要是因为地表是反演受地表温度影响较大,地表温度较高的区域,其土壤水含量相对较大,反之,地表温度较低区域,土壤水含量一般较低。     

三角高程测量成果整理中“两差”改正系数C的确定方法

本文讨论了低标(近地面)三角高程测量中如下问题:①三角高程测量成果整理中根据实测(?)合理地确定“两差”改正系数C的必要性;②C的合理确定一法——筛选法;③合理确定的C与测量成果精度的关系。     

基于水利工程GPS控制网布设与测量精度分析

通过论述GPS控制网布设和全站仪三角高程测量方法,分析了高坎子电站测量过程中应遵守的测量限差要求及高程测量、GPS控制网的计算精度;然后对GPS控制网布设于山区水利工程的可靠性进行了验证,同时对四等水准测量精度能够采用全站仪测量的规定进行检验。     

基于粒子群优化机器学习模型的水面蒸发量估算模型研究

水面蒸发是估算区域水资源平衡的重要参数之一,实测的蒸发皿蒸发量(E_pan)是重要的水温变量,为找出估算区域的E_pan最优模型,以江西省为研究区域,基于极限学习机(ELM)、随机森林(RF)、支持向量机(SVM)、BP神经网络4种机器学习模型,以粒子群算法(PSO)为基础建立了4种优化模型,对不同站点E_pan进行了估算,结果表明：在日值、月值估算中,PSO-RF模型精度最高,其在不同时期的相对误差最低,在3—10月及全年的相对误差在4.1%～4.4%,同时在不同训练及预测组合下,该模型均能保持较高的精度。     

改进GM(1,1)模型在滑坡变形预测中的应用

基于灰色系统理论建立的一阶单变量GM(1,1)模型在滑坡变形预测中应用广泛,但是对高增长指数型滑坡变形时间序列的适应性较差。通过GM(1,1)模型建模原理分析表明,等权生成背景值是影响模型预测精度的主要因素之一。基于此,本文采用自动寻优定权法重新构造背景值,建立基于最佳权重构造背景值的改进GM(1,1)模型,并根据滑坡监测资料建立滑坡变形预测的传统GM(1,1)模型和重构背景值的改进GM(1,1)模型。结果表明,改进GM(1,1)模型对高增长指数型滑坡变形时间序列建模具有更高的拟合与预测精度,可用于滑坡变形短期预测预报。     

全站仪轴线误差分析与改正计算

针对全站仪的轴线(视准轴、横轴、竖轴)和反光镜轴线固有的几何关系对角度观测和距离观测具有一定的影响,找出变化规律,明确影响程度,并给出相应的补偿和改正方法,为提高全站仪测角、测距的精度提供了理论依据,对生产实践中根据精度要求合理选择补偿和改正选项具有指导意义。     

全球棉花供需状况

①包括巴西,中国(大陆)、哥伦比亚、墨西哥、土耳其和除希腊以外的长期进口商。 ②包括日本、中国(大陆)、香港、韩国、新加坡。 ③包括印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、泰国、越南。 ④棉籽绒和损耗,运输过程中重量的改变,不同的记录时期和衡量仪器的误差,都是造成世界进出口值不等的原因。 ⑤计算出来的和实际的库存不同;预计下一季度的总合。 ⑥世界期末库存减去中国(大陆)的库存和中国的深出口除以世界消费减去中国(大陆)消费之差。 ⑦每磅棉花多少美分。     

民用汽车保有量的灰色预测模型研究

一、灰色数列预测模型建立 灰色预测指以GM(1,1)模型为基础所进行的预测。灰色模型有五种:(1)数列预测;(2)灾变与异常值预测;(3)季节灾变与季节异常值预测;(4)拓扑预测;(5)系统预测。本文对汽车保有量的预测采用灰色数列预测。 本文对传统的GM(1,1)模型的建立过程进行了改造,用线性回归来建立GM(1,1)模型,用显著性检验方法代替关联度和后验着进行精度检验和参数识别。     

冰区海上采油平台极端冰载下断裂的可靠性分析

我国渤海每年约有3个多月的结冰期,冰与海上采油平台的相互作用,远较波浪为甚.因此,冰区固定采油平台的设计以及对服役期平台的评估,均需进行可靠性分析,而且主要是极端冰裁作用下断裂的可靠性分析.文章首先建立了考虑温度效应的剩余强度的可靠性计算模型;然后给出了决定构件剩余强度的断裂韧性CTOD值δ_0的不同温度下的概率分布;同时还给出了取决于冰厚及海冰强度的构件上最大应力的概率分布;最后,根据计算模型,文章给出了计算平台构件可靠度的方法,并结合渤海八号平台评估的计算实例,对在役海上采油平台的整体系统,进行了安全可靠性分析.     

螺栓连接计算精确度及可靠性的探讨

为了进一步提高螺栓连接设计计算的精确度,本文从强度设计准则、设计规范、基本计算公式等方面作了一些探讨,并着重对以屈服极限为门槛值的强度计算进行了可靠性分析。文中提出了拧紧系数和扳手误差系数是影响螺栓应力离散的重要因素。为了提高计算精度,应将这些因素的影响通过修正系数引入设计计算公式,并在可靠性计算的基础上选择合理的安全系数。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

蒸汽热量计量应用的探析

研究了石油化工企业的燕汽计量情况,着重对蒸汽热量计量的合理性进行了分析,阐述了蒸汽热量计量的依据及计算方法,以及蒸气热量计量对节能降耗的重要意义.