中国(上海)自由贸易试验区仲裁规则评述

法学理论的发展,催生了仲裁实务的新潮流。《上海国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(上海国际仲裁中心)中国(上海)自由贸易试验区仲裁规则》的出现,对于临时措施、合并仲裁、开放名册、仲裁调解、友好仲裁等仲裁制度做了大胆和有益的实践。本文将结合仲裁理论研究,对于以上创新制度在自贸区仲裁规则中的尝试进行分析,探求中国仲裁制度发展的新思路。     

Carbon,Trade Policy and Carbon Free Trade Areas

This paper discusses both the potential contribution that trade policy initiatives can make towards the achievement of significant global carbon emissions reduction and the potential impacts of proposals now circulating for carbon reduction motivated geographical trade arrangements, including carbon‐free trade areas. We first suggest that trade policy is likely to be a relatively minor consideration in climate change containment. The dominant influence on carbon emissions globally for the next several decades will be growth more than trade and its composition, and in turn, the size of trade seemingly matters more than its composition given differences in emission intensity between tradables and non‐tradables. We then note that differences in emissions intensity across countries are larger than across products or sectors and so issues of country discrimination in trade policy (and violations of MFN) arise. We next discuss both unilateral and regional carbon motivated trade policy arrangements, including three potential variants of carbon emission reduction based free trade area arrangements. One is regional trade agreements with varying types of trade preferences towards low carbon‐intensive products, low carbon new technologies and inputs to low carbon processes. A second is the use of joint border measures against third parties to counteract anti‐competitive effects from groups of countries taking on deeper emission reduction commitments. A third is third‐country trade barriers along with free trade or other regional trade agreements as penalty mechanisms to pressure other countries to join emission‐reducing environmental agreements. We differentiate among the objectives, forms and possible impacts of each variant. We also speculate as to how the world trading system may evolve in the next few decades as trade policy potentially becomes increasingly dominated by environmental concerns. We suggest that the future evolution of the trading system will likely be with environmentally motivated arrangements acting as an overlay on prevailing trade and financial arrangements in the WTO and IMF, and eventually movement to linked global trade and environmental policy bargaining.     

从集体行动的逻辑看国际贸易保护与地区性自由贸易区的盛行

传统的贸易理论认为,自由贸易是每一个国家的追求目标,而且每个国家都将朝这个方向努力。然而,事实上具有共同利益的每个国家并没采取一致的行动,国际贸易争端却频频发生,自由贸易格局难以产生。本文从集体行动逻辑的视角考察了上述问题,并指出贸易中的国家都在按奥尔森提供的思路,缓解集体行动困境:(1)减少集团成员数量;(2)提供“不对称”收益;(3)提供选择性激励。这对当今的国际贸易格局有一定的解释力。     

省际贸易、国际贸易与经济增长——基于长三角制造业数据的经验分析

在描述长江三角洲制造业省际贸易和国际贸易发展的基础上,利用江苏、浙江、上海三省市2002-2007年的投入产出表,实证检验了省际贸易和国际贸易对经济增长的影响.研究结果表明:省际贸易和国际贸易都对经济增长产生了正面影响,但省际贸易的经济增长效应要大于国际贸易,而且省际贸易和国际贸易对低技术行业的经济增长效应要大于高技术行业.     

改革创新扎实工作积极促进国际经贸交流与合作

2003年,在上海市政府和中国国际贸易促进委员会的领导下,我会稳步推进机构和人事制度改革,积极探索业务创新,加大软硬件服务设施建设。一年来,随着改革的不断推进,上海市贸促会作为政府助手的作用进一步增强,上海国际商会服务企业的能力进一步提高,上海世界贸易中心协会在国际经贸交往活动中的地位进一步突出,我会服务上海外向型经济发展的综合能力跨上了一个新的台阶。     

时间价值与国际自由贸易新论

时间是一个特殊的经济学变量,时间投资的正确与否将影响收益的大小。而把时间投资中的新概念——时间机会成本和边际时间机会成本引入国际自由贸易中,以时间投资收益和时间机会成本的大小为标准,来分析贸易双方的利益得失和分配,将使国际自由贸易的发展方向更加明确化。所以这种全新的分析模式将为国际自由贸易理论的研究开创美好的未来。     

Productivity Versus Employment: Quantifying the Economic Effects of an EU–Japan Free Trade Agreement

The European Union and Japan recently entered into negotiations over a bilateral free trade agreement intended to stimulate growth and create wealth. Since customs duties are already low, the success of the liberalisation process hinges on the elimination of non‐tariff barriers. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on two possible liberalisation scenarios: a less ambitious liberalisation and a comprehensive liberalisation. In contrast to classic studies, our paper builds on the modern trade literature, accounting for the dominance of intra‐industry trade in both economies and the existence of heterogeneous firms. Furthermore, we model a search‐and‐matching labour market, allowing us to quantify employment effects of trade liberalisation. We find that a comprehensive liberalisation increases Japanese GDP by 0.86 per cent, whereas the EU experiences only an additional 0.21 per cent of real GDP growth. Most of the growth in real GDP is due to firms' efficiency gains, whereas unemployment is reduced by only a small amount. Other world regions experience small reductions of GDP due to trade diversion effects.     

应用型本科院校国际经济与贸易专业实训教学模式研究

目前,仍有一部分应用型本科高校依然以理论教学为主,实训教学欠缺。通过对国际经济与贸易专业实训教学现状进行分析,进而从构建实训模块、合理安排实训课程时间、加强校外实训基地建设、提升教学师资队伍以及专业竞赛等方面提出了国际经济与贸易专业实训教学模式构建及实施路径,完善创新应用型本科国际经济与贸易专业的实训教学环节。     

经济全球化与国际贸易法的统一

经济全球化是当今世界经济最鲜明的特征。全球任何领域都可能已被打上经济全球化的烙印，在经济全球化的浪潮下，国际贸易法的统一以空前的广度和深度向前发展。各种国际贸易制法机制如雨后春笋般涌现，而国际贸易法律规范更是百花齐放，虽然国际贸易法统一化进程历尽波折，但统一的前景无限光明。     

基于CGE模型定量分析国际贸易绿色壁垒对我国经济的影响——以发达国家对我国出口品征收碳关税为例

美、欧发达国家为促进本国绿色产业发展,以"碳关税"为突破口,在国际贸易中试图设置绿色壁垒。本文以剖析碳关税的潜在影响为例,建立了国际贸易壁垒对我国经济影响的系统分析框架,并利用动态可计算一般均衡模型(SIC-GE)定量测算了各方面经济影响。结果表明,碳关税对我国实体经济的影响要小于对名义价格水平的影响;对高耗能产品出口抑制作用明显,而对高附加值产品出口影响很小,甚至会有刺激作用。     

一般均衡分析在自由贸易区研究中的应用

正在建设中的“中国-东盟自由贸易区”是完全由发展中国家组成的经济集团,成员国产业结构相似,生产技术水平相当,国际分工不显著.这样的自由贸易区对区内贸易量的推动作用有其特殊性.文章尝试用一般均衡分析方法,依据比较优势理论和区域经济一体化理论,论述中国-东盟自由贸易区的建立将给其成员带来“双优势贸易效应”,从而为我国参与地区经济一体化,拓展地区市场,实现“多赢”的地区合作提供理论依据.     

International Production Sharing Opportunities in Mexico and the Caribbean

Abstract

In an effort to take advantage of access to valuable resources and increased market presence, many U.S. manufacturers have pursued production sharing relationships in a variety of overseas locations. These efforts are seen as methods of combating several threats to firm performance: increased domestic production costs, escalating international manufacturing competition, and ever changing barriers to entry regulations. From the perspective of an integrated North American competitive strategy, two geographic areas-Mexico and the Caribbean Basin-have received much attention as potential operating locations. Using a survey of corporate managers responsible for strategic business unit operations, this study investigates and compares the manufacturing and logistics performance of U.S. manufacturers operating in Mexico and the Caribbean. Relationships between logistics performance, manufacturing performance, and firm performance are examined and managerial implications are discussed.     

关于海峡两岸自由贸易区目标模式的研究

构建海峡两岸自由贸易区的目标模式应是在淡化政治的前提下,分步骤、有重点地一步一步向前推进。争取在两岸直接三通的基础上,实现两岸特定区域之间全面、直接、双向的经济交流,在条件成熟时,通过签订促进区域经济合作的临时协议做出贸易优惠安排,为自由贸易区过渡期创造条件。可尝试先在厦门、金门建立区域性自由贸易区,然后进一步建立台湾与闽东南地区自由贸易区,最后形成海峡两岸自由贸易区。     

中韩立农产品自由贸易区经济效应分析

中国和韩国作为东北亚地区的重要国家,两国建立农产品自由贸易区将会给中韩两国和世界带来贸易创造效应,使福利水平提高;同时将会使两国的农业结构和其他产业的结构发生变化.在保证保障两国农产品自由贸易区建立的顺利进行的同时,韩国应采取必要措施以缓解社会矛盾、弥补自由化给农户和相关生产者造成的损失,发挥技术和资金的优势,加大对中国农业的投资.     

中韩建立农产品自由贸易区经济效应分析

中国和韩国作为东北亚地区的重要国家,两国建立农产品自由贸易区将会给中韩两国和世界带来贸易创造效应,使福利水平提高;同时将会使两国的农业结构和其他产业的结构发生变化。在保证保障两国农产品自由贸易区建立的顺利进行的同时,韩国应采取必要措施以缓解社会矛盾、弥补自由化给农户和相关生产者造成的损失,发挥技术和资金的优势,加大对中国农业的投资。     

服务贸易、货物贸易和劳动生产率变动:理论和实证——基于李嘉图连续统模型的贸易差额分析

根据经验统计表明,服务贸易与货物贸易在差额变动和方向上存在替代性特征。文章以Dornbush等(1977)为基础考虑一个两国开放经济的李嘉图连续统模型,分析各国不同部门劳动生产率变化与服务成为贸易品两个因素对贸易形式和贸易差额变化的影响。研究表明在服务可贸易条件下,不同国家在服务部门和货物生产部门劳动生产率发生的相对差异变动,是导致各国货物或服务贸易差额关系变化的决定因素。而中国-OECD(1982-2004)的劳动生产率及贸易差额的数据检验,也较好地支持了此结论。     

中国内地创意产品贸易的发展及国际竞争力分析

作为一个新兴产业,创意产业已引起众多国家的高度关注,创意产品已成为世界贸易中重要的出口产品。文章通过实证分析得出:中国内地创意产品贸易发展迅猛,顺差逐步扩大,贸易地位逐步提升,贸易商品结构相对稳定,国际竞争力很强。战略上高度重视,加强政府扶持,加大科技投入与发挥民间组织力量是进一步提升创意产品国际竞争力的重要举措。