市场份额、汇率传递与中美贸易

不完全汇率传递是指汇率变动不完全反映到进出口商品的价格上,前期的研究发现,汇率传递程度受出口商在目的国市场份额的大小的影响很大。近年来中美两国各自在对方国家的市场份额发生了巨大变化,市场份额的变化引起汇率传递程度的不同,进而造成不同时期汇率变动对调节中美两国贸易收支效应的不同。文章将市场份额因素引入进出口贸易方程,通过协整检验、方差分解等实证计量方法,发现市场份额的变动能够解释中美贸易顺差的大部分原因。     

不完全汇率传递下的汇率传导机制研究

目前,汇率的传递率已越来越多地被学者所重视,不完全汇率传递的证实和发现对货币政策规则以及汇率制度的选择都会产生重要的影响。本文研究的是汇率传递率的下降如何改变汇率传导机制,包括汇率的物价效应、支出转换效应以及资产负债表效应。本文的研究表明,汇率的物价效应以及支出转换效应会因汇率传递率的下降而被削弱,同时资产负债表效应在不完全汇率传递率下的表现,还受多个因素影响。基于这些研究,本文再次肯定了在低的汇率传递率下,货币政策规则以及汇率制度的选择问题会不同于完全汇率传递率下的表现,为了对低的汇率传递率下政策选择给出合理的建议,我们需要一般均衡模型。最后,本文也提到为研究汇率传递率对新兴市场国政策选择的影响,开放经济的金融加速器模型有特别的适用性。     

人民币汇率变化对我国物价水平的传递效应研究——基于1994-2001年和2002-2009年经验数据的比较分析

文章利用SVAR模型分两阶段人民币汇率的传递效应进行了研究,结果表明:总体上,人民币汇率对我国物价水平的传递是不完全的,人民币汇率对进口商品价格指数的传递效应强于对CPI的传递;1994-2001年的汇率传递效应明显弱于2002-2009年的汇率传递效应;2002年以后,世界商品价格指数冲击无论是对我国的进口商品价格指...     

开放经济中的价格传递效应:中国的例证

本文建立了一个分析新开放宏观经济学模型(NOEM),并在此基础上检验了内生货币政策在价格传递机制中所发挥的制约作用,以此鉴别中国"通缩输出论"的真伪性。我们得到两个重要的政策结论。首先,中国"通缩输出论"的基础是传统的"支出转移效应",但忽略了进出口企业的定价能力等微观要素。这种主张不符合数据反映的现实情况。其次,一国的货币政策可以制约汇率和外国价格对本国价格的传递效应,这一特点是现有的价格传递效应理论所没有涉及的新机制,它的作用在美国表现得尤为突出。     

不完全汇率传递研究综述

不完全汇率传递是国际经济领域的焦点问题。本文从理论基础、实证研究和政策含义三个层面,分析了不完全汇率传递问题的发展脉络和趋向。从理论基础看,新开放宏观经济学具有坚实的微观基础,对于不完全汇率传递具有更强的解释力。实证研究表明不完全汇率传递是一种普遍现象,且汇率传递效应呈下降趋势。汇率传递的不完全性和下降趋势对于一国货币政策执行和汇率制度选择等具有重要含义。随着人民币汇率变动对国内经济影响的逐步深入,该问题对于我国最优货币政策制定、人民币汇率制度改革等也具有重要意义。     

通胀剪刀差的汇率调节策略研究——基于汇率传递视角

人民币汇率和大宗商品价格变动对国內价格的传递程度和速度,是决定国內物价水平走势的一个关键因素,利用带有结构突变的结构向量自回归分析法,本文实证结果表明:(1)美元货币供给量、大宗商品价格变动沿价格链纵向传递率呈现递减的差异化特征,人民币汇率升值对国內物价形成"反了曲线"冲击效应,反之亦然。(2)由于"货币漏出效应"的存在,人民币汇率和美元货币供应量增长率发生结构突变时,人民币汇率升值对物价的短期上推效应变大,而对物价的长期抑制效应变小,反之亦然。(3)人民币汇率波动在不同行业的横截面上的传递率呈现出差异化特征,对食品和居住类消费价格的传递率较高,而对其他类消费价格的传递率较低。(4)可以根据CPI上行和PPI下行因素主导通胀剪刀差走势,来调高人民币升值或贬值预期,适时抑制通胀和通缩。此外,还应加强中美货币政策沟通,弱化美元货币供应投放量的"漏出效应",理顺流通环节,防范热钱流动放大通胀与通缩带来的危害。     

不完全汇率传递及其对我国外向型企业的影响

影响汇率传递效应的因素众多而且复杂,所以汇率传递具有不完全性,随着外汇体制的改革,我国外向型企业面临着外汇风险越来越大,虽然外汇传递存在不完全性,即不能完全影响我国企业,但是我国对外开放的程度日益加大,外汇传递的效应也越来越大,本文对如何面对和处理好外汇风险进行了的阐述.     

人民币汇率传递与通货膨胀:理论基础与经验研究

本文以交错定价理论为微观基础,通过平滑转换自回归模型对人民币汇率的物价传递效应进行了经验检验.结果表明:较低的通货膨胀环境对应较低的汇率传递效应,较高的通货膨胀环境对应较高的汇率传递效应.不管是短期汇率传递效应还是长期汇率传递效应均表明,当通货膨胀率较低时,汇率升值可以缓解国内通货膨胀;当通货膨胀率较高时,汇率升值反而会刺激国内物价继续上涨.汇率升值对通货膨胀的顺周期效应表明货币当局在高通货膨胀环境下应谨慎控制汇率波动幅度,以免推动国内物价的进一步上涨.     

人民币升值的逆传递效应： 基于供给冲击和需求冲击的分析

基于供给冲击与需求冲击的研究视角,本文阐述了人民币升值的逆传递效应的传导机制。运用协整与向量误差修正模型,实证检验了人民币名义有效汇率与人民币对美元的双边名义汇率的逆传递效应。结果表明,无论在长期还是在短期,人民币升值都不具有通货紧缩效应,而是具有逆传递效应,并且名义有效汇率的逆传递效应强于双边名义汇率。     

通货膨胀环境视角下的人民币汇率传递——理论模型和实证研究

基于汇率传递模型(Shintani等,2009),文章分析了通货膨胀环境因素对汇率传递的影响机制;同时,对上述理论模型加以拓展,证明了在通货膨胀环境影响下,汇率变动对消费者价格传递效应具有非线性平滑变化特征。文章接下来运用非线性平滑转换STR模型实证分析的结果表明:(1)在较低且稳定的通货膨胀环境下,汇率传递效应较低,在较高且不稳定的通货膨胀环境下,汇率传递效应较高;(2)随着通货膨胀环境的变化,汇率传递弹性在-0.136~-0.049之间非线性平滑变化,汇率传递变化幅度较大,因此需重视通货膨胀环境因素对汇率传递的影响。     

Monetary policy credibility and exchange rate pass-through: Some evidence from emerging countries

Considering external constraints on monetary policy in emerging countries, we propose a semi-structural vector autoregressive model with exogenous variables (VARX) to examine the exchange rate pass-through to domestic prices. We demonstrate that a lower exchange rate pass-through is associated with a credible monetary policy aiming at controlling inflation. The empirical results suggest that the exchange rate pass-through is higher in Latin American countries than in East Asian countries. The exchange rate pass-through has declined after the adoption of an inflation targeting monetary policy.     

Differences in exchange rate pass-through in the euro area

This paper focuses on the pass-through of exchange rate changes into the prices of imports made by euro area countries originating outside the area. Using data on import unit values for 13 different product categories for each country, we estimate industry-specific rates of pass-through across and within countries for all euro members. In the short-run, pass-through rates differ across industries and countries and are less than one. In the long-run neither full pass-through nor equality of pass-through rates across industries and countries can be rejected. Differences exist across euro area countries in the degree that a common exchange rate movement gets transmitted into consumer prices and costs of production indices. Most of these differences in transmission rates are due to the distinct degree of openness of each country to non-euro area imports rather than to the heterogeneity in the structure of imports.     

Differences in long run exchange rate pass-through into import prices in developing countries: An empirical investigation

This paper investigates the exchange rate pass-through into import prices in a sample of 24 developing countries over the period from 1980 to 2003. We estimate a pass-through equation determined by a combination of the nominal exchange rate, the price of the competing products, the exporter's costs and demand conditions. We adopt non-stationary panel estimation techniques and tests for cointegration. In the long run, homogeneity of pass-through rates across countries can be rejected. Moreover, we show that most of these differences in exchange rate pass-through into import prices are due to three macroeconomics determinants: exchange rate regimes, trade barriers and inflation regimes.     

汇率制度改革前后人民币汇率传递效应研究——以2005年7月汇率制度改革为界

汇率传递效应不仅影响国内总需求与总供给的均衡,而且还会影响国内货币政策实施的有效性。本文以2005年7月为界,对汇改前后人民币汇率的传递效应进行实证分析,发现汇改前后人民币汇率变动的传递效应均较低,而且汇改后人民币汇率变动对工业品出厂价格指数的传递效应明显变小,而对消费者价格指数的传递效应略有增大。对工业品出厂价格指数传递效应明显变小的原因在于传递路径中成本机制的效应被弱化,对消费者价格指数传递效应略有增大的原因是传递路径中预期机制的效应明显。     

Exchange rate and inflation dynamics in dollarized economies

We use a panel of a hundred-plus countries with differing degrees of dollarization to perform an empirical analysis of the effects on inflation of exchange rate depreciations. The results qualify the common view that countries with higher dollarization exhibit higher inflation pass-through. We show that large depreciations tend to generate a negative impact on the pass-through coefficient, this impact being more intense the higher the level of dollarization of the economy. We interpret this as evidence that, in highly dollarized economies, the classic inflationary effects of a real depreciation—higher internal demand and imported inflation—can be offset or diminished by both the larger financial costs and the balance-sheet effect, especially if the depreciation is “large”. Additionally, the exchange rate regime is shown to matter: countries with fixed exchange rates suffer more noticeably the balance-sheet effects of large depreciations.     

Exchange rate pass-through in New Member States and candidate countries of the EU

This paper studies the degree of exchange rate pass-through to the prices of imports of some New Member States (NMSs) of the European Union plus Turkey, coming from the euro area. I estimate industry-specific rates of pass-through across and within countries using the methodology proposed by Campa and González-Mínguez [Campa, J.M. and González-Mínguez, J.M. (2006). Differences in Exchange Rate Pass-Through in the Euro Area. European Economic Review, 50, 121–145.] which estimates the short- and long-run pass-through elasticities. I did not find evidence either in favour of the hypothesis of Local Currency Pricing (zero pass-through) or the hypothesis of Producer Currency Pricing (complete pass-through) for all the countries except for Slovenia and Cyprus. With reference to the results by industry, the lowest values for exchange rate pass-through are in Manufacturing sectors. However, I did observe a exchange rate pass-through decline through the pricing chain.     

通过人民币升值抑制通胀难以成行

本文利用1995—2010年的月度数据考察了人民币汇率对国内物价水平的影响,结果表明通胀环境对汇率传递起着十分重要的作用,低且稳定的通胀环境对应着低汇率传递效应,高且不稳定的通胀环境下一般有着较高的汇率传递系数。因此,在汇率传递系数逐渐下降的趋势下,要谨慎对待通过人民币升值来降低国内通胀率的政策建议。     

Exchange rate pass-through,price discrimination,and US meat export prices

Exports are becoming increasingly important for US livestock and poultry producers. Consequently, meat industry participants are concerned about the potential impacts of variations in relative currency values. These effects are considered by quantifying the impacts of relative exchange rates on US beef, pork and poultry export prices. In addition, the impacts of GATT and NAFTA agreements on exchange rate pass-through are considered. The results indicate incomplete exchange rate pass-through occurs for several countries. Trade liberalization under GATT has positively influenced US beef and poultry export prices.     

开放经济中的人民币汇率传递研究

本文在两分法的框架下对人民币的汇率传递进行了实证研究,发现人民币的宏观传递效应较微弱,且货币与财政因素对物价和汇率变动的解释力要大于真实因素,人民币内外价值之间的信息反馈和相互作用的力度不对称.     

The effects of exchange rate pass-through and cost channel on price level: The case of fragile five countries

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated whether the exchange rate and the interest rate had an effect on the inflation rate in the fragile five countries between the years of 1996Q4 and 2015Q4. In this context, a model was created to estimate the effect of interest rate and exchange rate on the inflation rate. The methods used in the study take into account cross-section dependence and heterogeneity. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that there was an exchange-rate and interest-rate pass-through effect in the fragile five countries. Moreover, it was found out that the cost channel and price puzzle were effective in Indonesia and South Africa but were not effective in Turkey, Brasil and India.