共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Konstantinos Angelopoulos George Economides Pantelis Kammas 《European Journal of Political Economy》2007,23(4):885-902
We present an endogenous growth model to study the growth effects of the composition of government expenditure and the associated tax burden. When we use data from a set of 23 OECD countries during 1970–2000, our econometric results support the predictions of the theory. The share of productive government expenditure is associated with higher growth, and this result is more robust when we use effective average tax rates and statutory tax rates as measures of the tax burden. With respect to the tax burden, different tax rates have different growth effects. 相似文献
2.
Federal transfers, environmental policy and economic growth 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We study the effects of commonly used cross-country transfer programs on uncoordinated national environmental policies, economic growth and natural resources in a federal economy. Natural resources are a federation-wide public good. In each member country, production degrades the environment, but clean-up policy can improve it. Clean-up policy is financed by taxes on polluting firms’ output and cross-country redistributive transfers. We solve for a symmetric Nash equilibrium among national governments. Transfer policies that lead to higher pollution taxes make existence harder, and are harmful not only to growth but also to the environment. The best way to improve environmental quality is to implement a taxation system that stimulates growth and broadens tax bases to finance national clean-up policies. 相似文献
3.
We examine the effect of political ‘institutions’ on economic growth volatility, using data from more than 100 countries over the period 1960 to 2005, taking into account various control variables as suggested in previous studies. Our indicator of volatility is the relative standard deviation of the growth rate of GDP per capita. The results of a dynamic panel model indicate that democracy reduces economic volatility. We also find that some dimensions of political instability and policy uncertainty increase economic volatility. 相似文献
4.
中国不成熟的市场经济和特殊的人口环境使得用就业弹性和奥肯定律均无法有效反映我国经济增长与就业关系,更无法刻画经济波动对就业的冲击。本文从宏观经济景气波动影响就业增长的三个路径:劳动力供给、劳动力需求和政府公共就业政策来建立系统的分析模型,以探析经济波动与就业增长的长期均衡关系和滞后冲击效应。在劳动力供给系统中,经济波动使经济活动人口增多,加快了就业增长;在劳动力需求系统中,经济波动不利于经济增长,从而不利于劳动力需求增长;在政府就业促进政策系统中,社会保障和就业的投入缓和了经济波动对就业增长的冲击。 相似文献
5.
Hyun Park Apostolis Philippopoulos Vanghelis Vassilatos 《European Journal of Political Economy》2005,21(4):830-850
This paper incorporates rent seeking from state coffers into a general equilibrium model of economic growth and endogenous policy. Self-interested individuals try to extract, for personal benefit, part of tax revenues that could be used to finance public investment. We solve for a non-cooperative Nash equilibrium in individual agents' behavior. The determinants of rent seeking in general equilibrium are identified and we consider the efficient size of public sector given the rent-seeking activity. Cross-country data from 108 rich and developing countries provide support for our predictions. 相似文献
6.
Sam Hak Kan Tang Nicolaas Groenewold Charles Ka Yui Leung 《Journal of Macroeconomics》2008,30(4):1520-1549
This paper evaluates the role of technical change as a mediating channel through which the effects of institutions trickle down to affect growth volatility. Using different samples, estimation procedures and indicators of institutions and technical change, the results show that technical change is an important stabilizing force of growth volatility and that at least part of the stabilizing force of technical change originates from strong institutions. This conclusion does not appear to be generated by weak data, simultaneity bias or measurement errors and is remarkably robust to a large number of alternative specifications. 相似文献
7.
This article empirically investigates the effect of globalization on government size and debt. Using panel heterogeneous cointegration techniques to a panel of developing and developed countries, it finds that globalization reduces government size and debt. In terms of components of globalization, government size is found to increase with trade openness but decreases with financial, social and political globalization. On the other hand, government debt increases with financial and trade openness but decreases with social and political globalization. The evidence is robust to different estimation methods and different samples. Our data also indicate unidirectional causality running from globalization measures to government size and debt. 相似文献
8.
George Economides Apostolis Philippopoulos Simon Price 《European Journal of Political Economy》2003,19(4):777-792
This paper reconsiders the popular result that the lower is the probability of reelection, the greater is the incentive of incumbent politicians to choose short-sighted, inefficient policies. The set-up is a general equilibrium model of economic growth, in which fiscal policy is endogenously chosen under electoral uncertainty. Political parties can value possible economic benefits differently depending on whether they are in or out of power, and—by contrast with the literature—the relevant preference coefficient is a choice variable rather than an exogenous taste parameter. The main result is that, when political parties choose both economic policy instruments and preference coefficients, the fundamental reason for short-sighted policy is the extra rents from being in power per se. 相似文献
9.
Dollarization brought price stability and higher economic growth to Ecuador. Nevertheless, unemployment remained stubbornly high. Two opposing forces explain this result: sustained growth led to higher labor demand but price stabilization triggered substitution effects by cheaper intermediate goods and capital. 相似文献
10.
This paper investigates the dynamics of the price level in a continuous time monetary version of the Yaari-Blanchard overlapping
generations model with capital accumulation. It is shown that there is an interaction between fiscal discipline and price
stability when the government budget is intertemporally balanced. Relevant implications are that high debt and slow adjustment
adversely affect both prices and capital accumulation.
Received: April 2005, Accepted: November 2005
We are very grateful to Paulo Brito, the editor, and to an anonymous referee for helpful comments. We also thank seminar participants
at the University of Rome for useful discussions. Financial support from MIUR is gratefully acknowledged. The usual disclaimer
applies. 相似文献
11.
我国政府支出对人类发展指数影响的经验分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
文章用我国国家财政支出和预算外支出度量政府支出,计算出政府支出的增长率作为我国财政政策变动的代理变量,用我国的人类发展指数度量人类发展状况.对数据整理后,形成政府支出增长率和人类发展指数变动的时间序列.使用计量经济学的方法考察了政府支出变动对人类发展指数变动的影响,在借鉴其他学者对政府支出和经济增长关系研究成果的基础上,得出的基本结论是:在1990-2003年间,我国财政政策的变动和人类发展指数的变动没有显著的相关关系,二者之间也不能相互解释,我国财政政策依然是以拉动经济增长为政策偏向的,考虑财政政策变动的时滞,发现其对我国人类发展指数的影响为负. 相似文献
12.
Institutions, infrastructure, and economic growth 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This paper develops a structural model of infrastructure and output growth that takes account of institutional and economic factors that mediate in the infrastructure–GDP interactions. Cross-country estimates of the model indicate that the contribution of infrastructure services to GDP is substantial and, in general, exceeds the cost of provision of those services. The results also shed light on the factors that shape a country's response to its infrastructure needs and offer policy implications for facilitating the removal of infrastructure inadequacies. 相似文献
13.
在本文通过对中国经济增长的表现特征、可持续性和潜在增长率估算三方面的理论综述,进一步论述了中国经济增长的发展脉络,并在此基础上提出研究中国经济增长理论尚需改进的空间. 相似文献
14.
This article assesses the effect of output growth volatility on output growth within a stochastic-volatility-in-mean model with a time-varying framework for an open small economy: Turkey. Until now, the empirical evidence on industrial production mainly reveals that this relationship is negative. However, in further examining different sectors and sub-sectors of industrial production, we find the sign of the relationship changes depending on the sector. Moreover, there is limited evidence that the sign of the relationship changes over time. Thus, the evidence reveals that the nature of the output growth volatility–output growth relationship is not uniform across sectors. 相似文献
15.
目前学界对当前中国宏观经济形势的判断缺乏理论基础,用于指导政策实践令人担忧。连续和常态是研究宏观经济问题的理论前提和现实基础,而经济波动就是经济运行偏离常态,财政宏观调控的方向是使波动回落常态,由于当前经济处于比较接近常态的水平,因此财政政策就不应当再延续1998年开始的扩张性的政策,而应当逐渐退出。针对经济局部过热的情况和存在全面过热的趋势,应当采取“从紧”的财政政策。 相似文献
16.
Maria-Soledad Castaño 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):139-145
The main goal of this paper is to analyse the relationship between social capital and economic growth taking into account
the role of fiscal policy from theoretical and empirical points of view. To achieve this goal, “Human Capital and Public Capital
Effects on Economic Growth” is focused on the effects of two traditional factors: human capital and public capital effects
on economic growth. “Social Capital Effects on Economic Growth” considers qualitative variables introducing some socioeconomic
effects on economic growth process analysis. In this case, social capital the main variable will be considered. “Empirical
Analysis,” an empirical analysis is developed considering the case of European countries prior to the EU enlargement. Finally,
in Conclusions,” the main conclusions will be resumed.
相似文献
17.
18.
制度之间具有互补性,市场化改革要求政府治理进行相应的改革.本文总结了几个决定政府治理性质的理论视角:政治经济纵向一体化的视角、公共选择理论的视角和市场结构理论的视角,更根本地,我们可以从人力资源配置的视角来看待一个社会政府治理的性质及其变革.对人力资本的重视是关于政府治理变迁理论的最新进展. 相似文献
19.
政府公共消费的经济效应及其政策含义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
关于公共消费与经济增长之间的关系,学术界颇多争论,分歧较大,虽然一些研究成果发现公共消费与经济增长负相关,但也有一些学者通过研究得出了截然相反的结论.本文运用经济增长理论分析公共消费支出的社会经济效应,并以中国相关数据为样本进行实证检验,并提出相关的政策建议. 相似文献
20.
Government risk premiums in the bond market: EMU and Canada 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ludger Schuknecht Jürgen von Hagen Guido Wolswijk 《European Journal of Political Economy》2009,25(3):371
This paper focuses on risk premiums paid by central governments in Europe and sub-national governments in Germany, Spain, and Canada, using data for bond yield spreads for the period 1991–2005. We find that risk premiums by central governments respond positively to debt and deficits; German states enjoyed a favourable position in financial markets before EMU but not thereafter; Spanish and Canadian provinces risk premiums over the whole period; German and Spanish sub-central governments pay liquidity-related interest rate premiums; Canadian and German provinces/states that benefit from fiscal equalization lower spreads. This is evidence of market discipline at work and of credibility of the EU no-bailout clause. 相似文献