藏区经济发展与泥石流灾害

我国藏区经济发展受到诸多因素的制约,其中灾害频发是一个重要的因素.藏区经济发展必然与城市化、旅游业的蓬勃发展以及交通运输条件的现代化等密切相关.本文从泥石流灾害着手,通过对泥石流灾害对上述几个方面的影响,以及藏区经济欠发达和依托自身经济循环难以实现可持续发展的现实,提出藏区泥石流灾害的治理对策.     

矿山泥石流灾害及预防措施

矿山泥石流是由于矿产资源、集中开采所诱发,主要分布在矿产资源集中分布的地区,自始至终是在人为干预作用下产生的。与自然泥石流相比,主要特点表现在矿山泥石流的分布于矿产资源集中地区,规模小,危害大,频率高,易起动,过程简单,易防,可预测。文章结合国内部分矿山开采过程中频频发生泥石流事故,初步分析了矿山泥石流的形成条件,包括地形地貌、丰富松散的固体物质来源、水动力条件和人为因素。矿山泥石流的发育与矿山资源的分布类型、流域岩性分布、开发方式、开发强度具有一定的相关性。对矿山泥石流的治理应从近期及远期考虑,近期以预防为主,防治结合,采取有效的工程防御措施;远期以保护生态环境,防治水土流失为主,保护植树。     

西藏泥石流时空分布特性研究

随着西藏地区经济的快速发展，泥石流灾害的发生日益频繁，同时其造成的人员伤亡和经济损失也越来越严重。相关研究工作人员不仅要高度重视灾害影响，同时应该在相关灾害频发地开展泥石流灾害研究调查工作，进而能够制定科学合理的泥石流灾害防御措施。现实生活中，由于对泥石流灾害预警系统仍处于初级阶段，所以相关理论技术和实际方法不够成熟，尚未形成完整的技术体系，因此需要对泥石流灾害成因及相关特性进行分析与总结。本文简单介绍了西藏境内的泥石流形成原因，分析了泥石流时空分布特性，同时关于泥石流的整体防御体系进行研究与探讨。     

泥石流防治中的植物生态学研究

泥石流的发生、发展,通常是自然进程和人类活动共同引起的。一旦发生,淤埋村镇、农地,冲毁道路、桥梁,堵塞江河,直接威胁人类的生产和生活。开展对泥石流防治的研究,对控制灾害,保护环境,发展经济有着重要意义。一泥石流,是水体、泥沙和散碎岩石混合构成体,在其自身重力推动下产生的灾害性山体洪流。泥石流的形成,最直接的条件是:(1)有充分的固体物质补充;(2)有充分的水体补     

吉林省东部山区城市泥石流灾害及其防治方针

吉林省东部山区泥石流沟分布广泛,泥石流发生频繁,灾害很严重。其东南部鸭绿江、浑江分水岭(老岭)、浑江、辉发河间分水岭(龙岗山)地区广泛分布古老变质岩系及中生代中酸性火山岩系;第二松花江和牡丹江上游之间分水岭(威虎岭)地区广泛分布粗粒花岗岩。断裂构造发育,岩体较破碎。这些岩类抗风化能力都较弱,在长白山长期较缓慢上升过程中,形成巨厚风化壳,发育较厚松散土石层,为泥石流提供了较丰富固体碎屑物源。因而该地区许多市县,如通化市、白山市、靖宇、辉南、桦甸、蛟河、敦化、安图等县城都普     

新疆天山某泥石流动力学特征及危险性分析

新疆天山独特的气候和地质条件使得该区泥石流灾害频发，为了更深入地研究该区泥石流的成灾特点，通过对石城子流域故乡河黑石沟的调查发现，该沟泥石流启动机制主要表现为上游支沟坡表崩坡积物启动向主沟汇流和主沟沟道的“消防水管效应”。从泥石流的动力学特征来看，该沟泥石流流速、流量大，一次固体物质冲出量约为2．02万方。2．64万方...     

黑龙江省主要气象灾害及防灾减灾对策

分析了黑龙江省常见气象灾害的主要特点、发展趋势以及对经济社会发展所产生的影响,针对主要气象灾害提出了防灾减灾对策：加强气象监测和探测系统建设,获取高密度多层次大气信息,提高灾害性天气的预报准确率;加强气象灾害防御工程手段的研究,降低气象灾害的危害程度;加强社会经济发展规划管理有效避免灾害损失。     

关于泥石流的形成及防治策略的研究

这两年全球地震不断增加,而地震之后所产生的泥石流也不能不防.泥石流对山区老百姓的生命财产隐藏着极大的危害.本文以黑水县堆古热河沟泥石流的实际勘察工作为例,针对泥石流的产生、形成、发展趋势以及防范进行了分析和研究.     

关于泥石流的形成及防治策略的研究

这两年全球地震不断增加，而地震之后所产生的泥石流也不能不防，泥石流对山区老百姓的生命财产隐藏着极大的危害。本文以黑水县堆古热河沟泥石流的实际勘察工作为例，针对泥石流的产生、形成、发展趋势以及防范进行了分析和研究。     

灾害的社会经济影响及其应对机制研究进展

近年来,伴随全球经济发展,包括自然灾害、环境灾变以及人为灾害造成的损失呈现不断加剧的趋势,因而灾害的社会经济影响和应对机制也成了近年来经济学研究的重点领域。国外文献对灾害的社会经济影响研究可以分为宏观和微观两个层次:宏观层次的研究主要关注灾害对宏观经济运行的影响及其作用的路径,包括灾后投资收益效应、人力资本积累效应和技术进步的产出效应等;微观层次的研究主要集中在灾害对个体行为选择的作用上。灾害的应对机制主要讨论了正式制度和非正式制度在不同的经济发展水平下应对灾害冲击时的作用,并从受灾地的现实出发,提出灾害应对机制的培育策略。     

走出“中国制造”的困惑

全球制造业出现了由发达国家向发展中国家转移的趋势,中国制造业可以凭借劳动力资源丰富的优势加速发展。但是目前“中国制造”是以低价格、低成本优势进入了国际市场,参与国际分工,从长远的观点看,不利于中国经济的可持续发展。因此,“中国制造”要摆脱困境,在作好委托生产的同时,要打造自己的品牌,提升“中国制造”的档次。     

论广东省惠东民营经济的发展

民营经济是富民经济，在国民经济中具有不可替代的重要地位和作用。近年来，全国各地都把加快发展民营经济作为新阶段新时期统筹城乡发展，构建和谐社会，增创发展新优势，增强发展后劲的重大举措，形成了你追我赶、百舸争流的局面。推动广东省惠东民营经济大发展、大提高，既是顺应形势发展的客观要求。更是建设实力惠东，打造和谐家园的必由之路。本文拟依托惠东经济普查资料，结合2000年以来的发展态势，解读惠东经济民营经济的发展的现状、作用，以及存在的问题，研究和探讨推动惠东民营经济发展再上新台阶、实现新跨越的对策。     

A research of material input and environmental impact for Chinese economy： 1990-2005

The process of economic activities is on the basis of tremendous material inputs. China has been discharging an enormous amount of waste, giving rise to a wide range of environmental impacts. The method of economy-wide material flow analysis （EW-MFA） is one of the effective tools to examine the flow of materials entering physical economies, and recognize early environmental problems. Relevant researches are still at the early stage in China and most focus on material throughput but are rarely concerned about the utilization of recycling resource and environmental impact. Based on more than 3,000 items of data related, materials entering Chinese economy are classified into three types, and then the characteristics of material input and environmental impact are presented for the years 1990-2005 by using the indicators derived from EW-MFA. The Ratio of Recycled Material （RRM） is added as the new indicator in order to be in accordance with the need of circular economy being promoted in China. Results show that the great changes in the structure of material input cause the continuous increase of industrial solid waste emissions and the bogging down of material productivity. The RRM reveals that the utilization of recycling resources remains at a fairly low level in China. Finally, some weakness of EW-MFA is discussed according to the calculated results.     

中国社会医疗保险道德风险刍议

中国社会医疗保险是由国家立法实行的一种非盈利性社会事业,关系到人们的生活健康、人力资源的保护增值与社会经济的有序发展,其要义不言而喻。然而,由于现行的医疗保险体制运行中的种种缺陷而引致的医保欺诈现象愈演愈烈,不仅给国家财政带来巨大负担,还给整个社会带来严重的信用危机。因此,医保道德风险的防范与控制已经刻不容缓。     

The Socially Optimal Level of Saving in Australia, 1960-61 to 1994-95

In this paper a model is developed which determines the socially optimal level of saving for a small open economy. The model also determines the socially optimal disposition of saving between domestic capital accumulation and overseas asset accumulation. The model is then applied to the Australian economy for the period 1960-61 to 1994-95. For each year of that period socially optimal levels of saving, investment and the current account of the balance of payments are determined. Two main conclusions emerge. Firstly, while Australia under-saved by an average of 1.7 per cent of GDP from 1974-75 to 1994-95, it over-saved by an average of 5.3 per cent of GDP in the earlier period from 1960-61 to 1973-74. Secondly, Australia did not make optimal use of world capital markets to smooth consumption in the period from 1960-61 to 1994-95; although there is less evidence for this since 1984-85, suggesting that deregulation of capital markets may have facilitated the optimal smoothing of consumption.     

北京市1998—2008年生态经济系统能值分析

北京是一个具有特殊研究指向的复杂生态经济系统。通过能值分析的研究方法,对北京市的能流、物流、信息流、货币流进行定量分析和衡量,评价各子系统在系统发展中的作用和地位,并通过综合分析上述各种生态流,得出一系列以能值为基础的综合指标,以定量分析北京生态经济系统的结构功能特征与生态经济效益,以及系统的可持续发展能力,提出了相应的对策建议,从而为绿色北京建设提供决策支持,这对北京高效、快速、可持续发展具有重要现实意义。     

Measuring the Underground Economy with the Currency Demand Approach: A Reinterpretation of the Methodology,With an Application to Italy

We contribute to the debate on how to assess the size of the underground (or shadow) economy by proposing a reinterpretation of the traditional Currency Demand Approach (CDA) à la Tanzi. In particular, we introduce three main innovations. First, we take a direct measure of the value of cash transactions—the flow of cash withdrawn from bank accounts relative to total non‐cash payments—as the dependent variable in the money demand equation. This allows us to avoid unrealistic assumptions on the velocity of money and the absence of any irregular transaction in a given year, overcoming two severe critiques to the traditional CDA. Second, in place of the tax burden level, usually intended as the main motivation for non‐compliance, we include among the covariates two direct indicators of detected tax evasion. Finally, we control also for the role of illegal production considering crimes like drug dealing and prostitution, which—jointly with the shadow economy—contributes to the larger aggregate of the non‐observed economy and represents a significant component of total cash payments. We propose then an application of this “modified CDA” to a panel of 91 Italian provinces for the years 2005–08.     

DRUNK DRIVING LEGISLATION AND TRAFFIC FATALITIES: NEW EVIDENCE ON BAC 08 LAWS

This article reexamines the effectiveness of blood alcohol content (BAC) laws in reducing traffic fatalities. Differences-in-differences estimators of U.S. state-level data with standard errors corrected for autocorrelation show no evidence that lowering the BAC limits to 0.08 g/dL reduced fatality rates, either in total or in crashes likely to be alcohol related, or in states that passed BAC 08 in laws either in advance of or in response to federal pressure. Other legislations, including administrative license revocation and primary seat belt laws, are found effective in reducing fatalities in all specifications. Endogeneity tests using event analyses confirm the differences-in-differences estimates. ( JEL I18, K32)     

The Impact of 2007/08 Financial Crisis on the Stability and Enlargement of the EMU

Before 2007/08, the European Monetary Union (EMU) was expected to be enlarged on schedule, but the European sovereign debt problem, triggered by the exogenous US sub‐prime crisis, not only has revealed the EMU's fiscal coordination failure, but also has weakened regional financial integration. The stagnation of financial integration will therefore increase the cost of sustaining a monetary union, which in turn slows EMU enlargement and ruins the reputation of the euro. This paper aims to measure the damage to financial integration and to provide a more precise answer on real interest rate parity (RIP) convergence. Our estimation indicates that RIP between the EMU and some accession candidates is still valid after the interruptions of the financial crises. However, convergence of real interest rates cannot be achieved until 2030. This implies the EMU authority must strengthen regional financial integration to solidify the EMU and then be able to re‐start enlargement.     

技术经济分析中的微观基础

技术经济分析中的许多原理都有微观经济基础,了解其中的微观经济基础,对技术经济的原理理解和把握就更容易、更透彻。