基于模块化理论的企业组织研究

模块化生产组织在20世纪后期的迅速兴起,以及在全球范围内所展示出的强大竞争优势,使其成为了经济学和管理学研究的重要对象。模块化是通过某种设计规则把复杂系统分解为多个子系统,从而降低不确定性、提高协调灵活性的一般过程。与模块化系统类似,模块化生产网络在创新、组织能力、组织协调等方面显示出比垂直一体化组织具有更大的竞争优势。     

An Old Problem Revisited—and Solved: Upton and Dalton's Linear Production Response: A Note

This note presents a robust method for estimating response surfaces that consist of linear response regimes and a linear plateau. The linear response‐and‐plateau model has fascinated production scientists since von Liebig (1855) and, as Upton and Dalton indicated, some years ago in this Journal the response‐and‐plateau model seems to fit the data in many empirical studies. The estimation algorithm evolves from Bayesian implementation of a switching‐regression (finite mixtures) model and demonstrates routine application of Gibbs sampling and data augmentation—techniques that are now in widespread application in other disciplines.     

Analysis of Uncertainty as Opposed to Risk: An Experimental Approach

The paper illustrates the scope for enhancing the conceptual apparatus used by agricultural economists to analyse decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. Selected empirical results from experiments on student subjects from three universities are reported. Three issues are considered. First, the reasons for choice and the understanding of a choice problem are examined. Second, attitudes towards different levels of uncertainty are measured. Third, the possibility that apparently non-normative psychological factors influence choice is explored. The paper serves to illustrate and support a number of methodological points. The major points are that a risk-uncertainty distinction is useful (contrary to the aging conventional wisdom of economic theory), that laboratory experiments can potentially provide data of use to agricultural economists, and that predictive models of choice under uncertainty may be more accurate if they take account of psychological variables which influence the decision-making processes of human subjects.     

山区发展乡村社会林业的理论分析

发展乡村社会林业是实现山区综合开发的有效途径。论述了发展乡村社会林业是促进山区综合开发和从整体上搞活农村经济的重要方式。是山区经济可持续发展的必然选择。指出了发展乡村社会林业必须始终以环境资源保护为前提，坚持协调性和保护性开发理念，实现资源的永续利用。     

基于空间句法的老城区用地空间结构解析——以泉州古城为例

研究目的:从空间认知的视角解析老城区不同用地类型在空间范围内的分布状态与组合关系。研究方法:以泉州古城为例,综合运用空间句法、空间分析法与相关性分析法。研究结果:泉州古城以交通干道为骨架的田形交通网络框架已经初具雏形,4个尺度的商业空间结构均较易辨认与理解,各类公共服务用地为迎合其功能需求各自占据着有利的空间位置,居住用地在拓扑半径为300 m时具有较为明显的局部集聚核,并且在古城范围内居民步行出行的距离在1000 m左右;为加强泉州古城不同用地类型之间的有机联系,可以采取完善道路网络框架以提升交通用地的通达能力、改善混乱的街巷体系以创建层次分明的商业空间、优化公共服务用地结构以满足旅游开发需求和遵循保护与更新相结合的原则以改善居住环境等措施。研究结论:基于空间句法解析老城区用地空间结构可以更直观地理解城市发展过程中不同尺度空间的用地关系。     

我国城市土地储备投资风险分析及对策浅探

通过分析我国土地储备运作过程中存在的风险因素,简要介绍了风险规避的策略,并针对我国当前土地储备制度运行的情况从理论探讨、制度建设、筹资渠道等方面提出了若干对策,以完善我国的土地储备制度.     

关于我国农民工养老保险问题的思考

农民工养老保险问题是重大的民生问题,是维护社会稳定,构建和谐社会的重要内容。为解决当前我国农民工养老保险面临的困境,在农民工社会保险制度还未完善的情况下,需从加快立法进程、增强执法力度、深化户籍制度改革等几个方面完善农民工养老保险制度的配套措施。     

粮食安全:一个基于持续、稳定发展的经济学分析框架

近几年来，我国虽然出现粮食过剩，但并不意味着粮食安全问题已经得到解决。本文认为，粮食供过于求的短期与直接效应是粮食价格下跌、农民收入增长缓慢或下降，如果这种效应进一步影响到(潜在或现实的)粮食生产能力和粮食供应的持续性，那么，粮食安全和农业的稳定地位就得不到保障。本文从基本要素和外部环境要素两个方面对我国的粮食生产能力指标进行了剖析，并提出了相应的政策建议。     

农户风险与脆弱性:一个分析框架及贫困地区的经验

本文介绍了一个风险和脆弱性分析框架,该框架将农户的各类资源、收入、消费、福利以及相应的制度安排很好地纳入到一个体系之中。讨论了农户可能遭受的各类资产风险、收入风险和福利风险,以及这些风险在贫困落后地区的特征。按此框架,本文对来自中国贫困地区108户的调查数据进行了实证分析,结果表明,农户对风险和经济困难的认知涉及到他们生活的方方面面,多种风险交织是农户风险的一个突出特点。     

学校财务管理：问题分析与对策

学校教育越发展，财务管理工作的作用就显得越为重要。该文主要结合具体工作实际对学校财务管理工作所面临的主要问题进行了分析，并提出了转变学校财务管理观念，主动适应国家财政管理改革，严格把好预算关；依法多渠道筹集资金，适度举债办学，满足学校事业快速发展的资金需要；科学配置学校资源，加强国有资产管理，促使国有资产管理纳入规范化，制度化的轨道；建设一支高素质的财会队伍，建立良好的财务工作环境，为促进学校事业的发展提供优质高效服务等进一步加强学校财务管理工作的具体对策措施     

The Theory of the Farm Household: An Application to Saskatchewan

A theoretical model is presented which integrates the consumption and production components of the rural household. A theoretically determined system of expenditure equations, derived factor demand equations and an off-farm labor supply equation are estimated using primary data for Saskatchewan farm households. From the empirical results we conclude that if the wage rate can be observed or estimated, the farm household's behavior can be explained empirically in a manner consistent with received theory. Summary and Conclusions A theoretical model integrating the consumption and production sides of the farm household or enterprise is estimated empirically using primary data for Saskatchewan farm households. The farm household was assumed to maximize its utility function subject to farm production and cash flow constraints. The empirical results indicate that the theoretical model can be estimated successfully even when data are sparse. While the coefficients for the expenditure, derived demand, and off-farm labor supply equations are consistent with coefficients from similar equations estimated separately by others, the theoretically more precise integrated approach specifies the simultaneous effect of the variables across equations. From the empirical results and the theoretical considerations it is obvious that the wage rate is a key explanatory variable in the model. The wage rate links the three components of the model–final expenditures, the derived input demands and off-farm labor hours. The wage rate is one determinant of the allocation of the operator's time (although other factors such as the nature of the operation and opportunities to work off-farm dominated in this study), and both the wage rate and the allocation of the time determine the eventual income available to the rural household. In essence, then, the problem of explaining farm household behavior when the household's business enterprise function cannot be separated from its consumption activity is similar to that of traditional models based on the theory of the firm and models of consumer behavior. The only difference is that the wage rate is observable in the traditional models but needs to be estimated as a shadow price in models which seek to explain rural household behavior. As a result, research in this area must start with an explanation of the allocation of (at least) the operator's labor and a measure of the shadow wage rate. If the entire household's allocation of time between on-farm and off-farm labor and leisure is determined, it is possible to treat its consumption and production activities separately. Further research is required to extend the model to explain household labor supply to both the farm and off-farm labor markets.     

青海林木种苗发展现状及对策探析

林木种苗是林业建设的基础和前提。地处三江源头的青海,是我国生态环境建设的战略要地,当前在全省实施生态立省战略、努力改善生态环境、构建祖国西部生态安全屏障是当务之急,意义重大,影响深远。通过对青海目前林木种苗发展现状、存在问题的分析,提出了加快发展,适应新形势、新要求的几点建议和对策。     

基于生态足迹理论的生态承载力分析--以大连市为例

在简要介绍生态足迹理论的基础上,对大连市2002年生态足迹及其生态承载力进行了测算,通过盈亏平衡分析以及与其他国家和地区进行的比较分析,讨论了大连市的可持续发展状况。     

农村中老年未婚男性的生活境况与养老意愿分析

人口流动普遍化和性别结构失衡加剧了农村男性的婚配困难,中老年未婚男性的生活和养老已经成为影响农村公共安全与和谐发展的重要问题。本文使用农村调查数据,描述了中老年未婚男性的生活境况和养老意愿,分析了影响该群体生活境况和养老意愿的因素。结果发现,与同龄已婚男性相比,中老年未婚男性在健康、收入、消费、生活支持、日常交往和社会保障等诸多方面都存在明显劣势,在养老意愿方面,他们对社会保障的刚性依赖更为明显。对此,国家不仅需要完善相关法律期章和制度,还需要改进基层的制度执行效果,以改善农村中老年未婚男性的生活境况,最大程度地减少大龄未婚男性问题对农村社会和谐与公共安全的潜在负面影响。